* Transferred net diff from PR #3581, as-is.

* Automatic `pre-commit run --all-files` fixes. NO manual changes.

* Removing trailing `//` (originally added to manipulate clang-format), as suggested by @charlesbeattie back in Jan/Feb under PR #3581.

* Renaming `xetter_cpp_function` to `property_cpp_function` as suggested by @rainwoodman

* Fully explain the terse variable naming scheme in test_class_sh_property (as suggested by @rainwoodman)

* Also use parametrize for readonly, readwrite (as suggested by @rainwoodman)

* Apply change suggested by @skylion007 (with clang-format).

* Add missing std::moves in enum_base methods

* Remove useless move

* Add one more std::move in print

* Further optimize print

* Some more misc optimizations

* ci: fix cuda issue

* ci: cuda 11.3-11.4 produce warnings -> errors

* tests: ignore unused warning for MSVC

* Update tests/CMakeLists.txt

* Fix py::cast from pytype rvalue to pytype

Previously, py::cast blindly assumed that the destination type was a C++
type rather than a python type when the source type was an rvalue.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

updates:
- [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v2.32.0 → v2.32.1](https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/compare/v2.32.0...v2.32.1)
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format: v14.0.1 → v14.0.3](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format/compare/v14.0.1...v14.0.3

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Fix the following warning seen with clang:

include/pybind11/detail/smart_holder_poc.h:109:2: error: extra ';' outside of a function is incompatible with C++98 [-Werror,-Wc++98-compat-extra-semi]

Signed-off-by: Tomi Valkeinen <tomi.valkeinen@ideasonboard.com>

* change iostream include to ostream include

Use PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES in smart_holder_type_casters.h (follow-on to https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3913)

* Add frozenset, and allow it cast to std::set

For the reverse direction, std::set still casts to set. This is in concordance with the behavior for sequence containers, where e.g. tuple casts to std::vector but std::vector casts to list.

Extracted from #3886.

* Rename set_base to any_set to match Python C API

since this will be part of pybind11 public API

* PR: static_cast, anyset

* Add tests for frozenset

and rename anyset methods

* Remove frozenset default ctor, add tests

Making frozenset non-default constructible means that we need to adjust pyobject_caster to not require that its value is default constructible, by initializing value to a nil handle.  This also allows writing C++ functions taking anyset, and is arguably a performance improvement, since there is no need to allocate an object that will just be replaced by load.

Add some more tests, including anyset::empty, anyset::size, set::add and set::clear.

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* Add rationale to `pyobject_caster` default ctor

* Remove ineffectual protected: access control

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updates:
- [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v1.3.1 → v1.3.2](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v1.3.1...v1.3.2)
- [github.com/PyCQA/pylint: v2.13.5 → v2.13.8](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/compare/v2.13.5...v2.13.8)
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy: v0.942 → v0.950](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy/compare/v0.942...v0.950)

* Update PGI workflow

* Remove copy paste typo

* ci: fix debian image

Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <HenrySchreinerIII@gmail.com>

* Test pickling a simple callable (does not work).

Currently only documents that it does not work. Starting point for future fix.

* Use re.search to accommodate variations of the TypeError message.

* PyPy: exercise full dumps/loads cycle.

* Adding explicit "broken" comment.

Replace error printing code gated by NDEBUG with a new flag: PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES  (#3913)

* Update cast.h

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Move definition to detail/common, change name, apply everywhere

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Rename debug_enabled in tests to detailed_error_messages_enabled

We already test that tuple can cast to std::vector and std::deque; add tests for std::vector<bool>, std::list and
std::valarray.

Extracted from #3886.

Bumps [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

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Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/checkout
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

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Bumps [actions/download-artifact](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/download-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Bumps [actions/cache](https://github.com/actions/cache) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/cache/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/cache/blob/main/RELEASES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/cache/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/cache
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

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Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-python
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

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Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* ci: dependabot major versions for official actions

* style: use extend-select for flake8

updates:
- [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v1.2.5 → v1.3.1](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v1.2.5...v1.3.1)
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format: v13.0.1 → v14.0.1](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format/compare/v13.0.1...v14.0.1

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Change numpy from_args call signature to avoid copy

* Reorder ctors

* Rename arg

* Fix unnecessary move

* Fix clang-tidy and Add a few missing moves to memory_view pytype

* Enable clang-tidy check modernize-use-nullptr

* Sort clang-tidy

* Sorted again

* Add return_as_bytes policy

* Fix format

* Fix test failures

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Fix std::variant

* Resolve comments

* Note this policy experimental

* Add tests for `return_as_bytes` with `def_property`.

* Change comment for the new return_as_bytes enum to note that the policy is not available on master.

* Applying pr3838_sh.patch (exactly as used Google-internally since 2022-03-31).

* Add `case return_as_bytes` to `switch`es in detail/type_caster_base.h and eigen.h

Based on systematic review under https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3838#issuecomment-1094390333



* Add missing break (clang-tidy).

* More clang-tidy fixes (this time around clang-tidy was run interactively to pre-empt repeat trips through the CI).

* Underscore prefix: _return_as_bytes

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve <rwgk@google.com>

* Simplify numpy dtype ctor

* Simplify c_str ctor

* Remove compat macro for str in numpy

* Added deleted copy constructor for error_scope to comply with rule of 3.