* Transferred net diff from PR #3581, as-is.

* Automatic `pre-commit run --all-files` fixes. NO manual changes.

* Removing trailing `//` (originally added to manipulate clang-format), as suggested by @charlesbeattie back in Jan/Feb under PR #3581.

* Renaming `xetter_cpp_function` to `property_cpp_function` as suggested by @rainwoodman

* Fully explain the terse variable naming scheme in test_class_sh_property (as suggested by @rainwoodman)

* Also use parametrize for readonly, readwrite (as suggested by @rainwoodman)

* Apply change suggested by @skylion007 (with clang-format).

Fix the following warning seen with clang:

include/pybind11/detail/smart_holder_poc.h:109:2: error: extra ';' outside of a function is incompatible with C++98 [-Werror,-Wc++98-compat-extra-semi]

Signed-off-by: Tomi Valkeinen <tomi.valkeinen@ideasonboard.com>

Use PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES in smart_holder_type_casters.h (follow-on to https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3913)

* Add frozenset, and allow it cast to std::set

For the reverse direction, std::set still casts to set. This is in concordance with the behavior for sequence containers, where e.g. tuple casts to std::vector but std::vector casts to list.

Extracted from #3886.

* Rename set_base to any_set to match Python C API

since this will be part of pybind11 public API

* PR: static_cast, anyset

* Add tests for frozenset

and rename anyset methods

* Remove frozenset default ctor, add tests

Making frozenset non-default constructible means that we need to adjust pyobject_caster to not require that its value is default constructible, by initializing value to a nil handle.  This also allows writing C++ functions taking anyset, and is arguably a performance improvement, since there is no need to allocate an object that will just be replaced by load.

Add some more tests, including anyset::empty, anyset::size, set::add and set::clear.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



* Add rationale to `pyobject_caster` default ctor

* Remove ineffectual protected: access control

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

updates:
- [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v1.3.1 → v1.3.2](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v1.3.1...v1.3.2)
- [github.com/PyCQA/pylint: v2.13.5 → v2.13.8](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/compare/v2.13.5...v2.13.8)
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy: v0.942 → v0.950](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy/compare/v0.942...v0.950)

* Update PGI workflow

* Remove copy paste typo

* ci: fix debian image

Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <HenrySchreinerIII@gmail.com>

* Test pickling a simple callable (does not work).

Currently only documents that it does not work. Starting point for future fix.

* Use re.search to accommodate variations of the TypeError message.

* PyPy: exercise full dumps/loads cycle.

* Adding explicit "broken" comment.

Replace error printing code gated by NDEBUG with a new flag: PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES  (#3913)

* Update cast.h

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Move definition to detail/common, change name, apply everywhere

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Rename debug_enabled in tests to detailed_error_messages_enabled

We already test that tuple can cast to std::vector and std::deque; add tests for std::vector<bool>, std::list and
std::valarray.

Extracted from #3886.

Bumps [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/checkout
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Bumps [actions/download-artifact](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/download-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Bumps [actions/cache](https://github.com/actions/cache) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/cache/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/cache/blob/main/RELEASES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/cache/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/cache
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/compare/v2...v3

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-python
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* ci: dependabot major versions for official actions

* style: use extend-select for flake8

updates:
- [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v1.2.5 → v1.3.1](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v1.2.5...v1.3.1)
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format: v13.0.1 → v14.0.1](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format/compare/v13.0.1...v14.0.1

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Change numpy from_args call signature to avoid copy

* Reorder ctors

* Rename arg

* Fix unnecessary move

* Fix clang-tidy and Add a few missing moves to memory_view pytype

* Enable clang-tidy check modernize-use-nullptr

* Sort clang-tidy

* Sorted again

* Add return_as_bytes policy

* Fix format

* Fix test failures

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Fix std::variant

* Resolve comments

* Note this policy experimental

* Add tests for `return_as_bytes` with `def_property`.

* Change comment for the new return_as_bytes enum to note that the policy is not available on master.

* Applying pr3838_sh.patch (exactly as used Google-internally since 2022-03-31).

* Add `case return_as_bytes` to `switch`es in detail/type_caster_base.h and eigen.h

Based on systematic review under https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3838#issuecomment-1094390333



* Add missing break (clang-tidy).

* More clang-tidy fixes (this time around clang-tidy was run interactively to pre-empt repeat trips through the CI).

* Underscore prefix: _return_as_bytes

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve <rwgk@google.com>

* Simplify numpy dtype ctor

* Simplify c_str ctor

* Remove compat macro for str in numpy

* Added deleted copy constructor for error_scope to comply with rule of 3.

* Added constructor based on typenum, based on PyArray_DescrFromType

Added accessors for typenum, alignment, byteorder and flags fields of
PyArray_Descr struct.

* Added tests for new py::dtype constructor, and for accessors

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



* Fixed the comment for alignment method

* Update include/pybind11/numpy.h

Co-authored-by: Aaron Gokaslan <skylion.aaron@gmail.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Aaron Gokaslan <skylion.aaron@gmail.com>

* Adds set_name method of pybind11::capsule class

This calls PyCapsule_SetName on the underlying capsule object.

modified destructors to query capsules's Name

[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Handle possible exception thrown by PyCapsule_GetName

Also removed accidentally reintroduced use of `const char *&`.

[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Fixed function name

* Introduced private static function to reuse get_name_or_throw

* added tests for capsule renaming

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* handle python error in flight

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Initialized PyObject * variables to nullptr

* use write-unraisable if PyCapsule_GetName raises

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



* get_name_or_throw->get_name_no_throw

If PyCapsule_GetName raises an error we should write as unraisable
to consume it and notify user, and then restore the error in flight if any.
This way this method called from destructor would not modify interpreter
error state.

* used error_scope struct

* Renamed get_name_no_throw->get_name_in_error_scope

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

updates:
- [github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks: v4.1.0 → v4.2.0](https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks/compare/v4.1.0...v4.2.0)
- [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v2.31.1 → v2.32.0](https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/compare/v2.31.1...v2.32.0)
- [github.com/PyCQA/pylint: v2.13.4 → v2.13.5](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/compare/v2.13.4...v2.13.5

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* ci: drop dead windows CI jobs

* chore: touch up pre-commit

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* Update configure.yml

* Update configure.yml

* Cleanup cast_safe<void> specialization

Replace explicit specialization of cast_safe<void> with SFINAE.
It's better for SFINAE cases to cover all type-sets rather than mixing SFINAE and explicit specialization.

Extracted from #3674

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update cast.h

Use detail::none_of<> as suggested

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



* Update cast.h

Reorder:
If TEMP_REF
If VOID
if (!VOID && !TEMP_REF)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>