Merge tag 'pull-target-arm-20230921' of https://git.linaro.org/people/pmaydell/qemu-arm into staging

target-arm queue:
 * target/m68k: Add URL to semihosting spec
 * docs/devel/loads-stores: Fix git grep regexes
 * hw/arm/boot: Set SCR_EL3.FGTEn when booting kernel
 * linux-user: Correct SME feature names reported in cpuinfo
 * linux-user: Add missing arm32 hwcaps
 * Don't skip MTE checks for LDRT/STRT at EL0
 * Implement FEAT_HBC
 * Implement FEAT_MOPS
 * audio/jackaudio: Avoid dynamic stack allocation
 * sbsa-ref: add non-secure EL2 virtual timer
 * elf2dmp: improve Win2022, Win11 and large dumps

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# -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
# gpg: Signature made Thu 21 Sep 2023 13:36:00 EDT
# gpg:                using RSA key E1A5C593CD419DE28E8315CF3C2525ED14360CDE
# gpg:                issuer "peter.maydell@linaro.org"
# gpg: Good signature from "Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>" [full]
# gpg:                 aka "Peter Maydell <pmaydell@gmail.com>" [full]
# gpg:                 aka "Peter Maydell <pmaydell@chiark.greenend.org.uk>" [full]
# gpg:                 aka "Peter Maydell <peter@archaic.org.uk>" [unknown]
# Primary key fingerprint: E1A5 C593 CD41 9DE2 8E83  15CF 3C25 25ED 1436 0CDE

* tag 'pull-target-arm-20230921' of https://git.linaro.org/people/pmaydell/qemu-arm: (30 commits)
  elf2dmp: rework PDB_STREAM_INDEXES::segments obtaining
  elf2dmp: use Linux mmap with MAP_NORESERVE when possible
  elf2dmp: introduce merging of physical memory runs
  elf2dmp: introduce physical block alignment
  elf2dmp: replace PE export name check with PDB name check
  sbsa-ref: add non-secure EL2 virtual timer
  audio/jackaudio: Avoid dynamic stack allocation in qjack_process()
  audio/jackaudio: Avoid dynamic stack allocation in qjack_client_init
  target/arm: Enable FEAT_MOPS for CPU 'max'
  target/arm: Implement the CPY* instructions
  target/arm: Implement MTE tag-checking functions for FEAT_MOPS copies
  target/arm: Implement the SETG* instructions
  target/arm: Define new TB flag for ATA0
  target/arm: Implement the SET* instructions
  target/arm: Implement MTE tag-checking functions for FEAT_MOPS
  target/arm: New function allocation_tag_mem_probe()
  target/arm: Define syndrome function for MOPS exceptions
  target/arm: Pass unpriv bool to get_a64_user_mem_index()
  target/arm: Implement FEAT_MOPS enable bits
  target/arm: Don't skip MTE checks for LDRT/STRT at EL0
  ...

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

13 files changed, 1483 insertions, 69 deletions

diff --git a/target/arm/cpu.h b/target/arm/cpu.h
index f2e3dc4..bd55c5d 100644
--- a/target/arm/cpu.h
+++ b/target/arm/cpu.h
@@ -1315,6 +1315,7 @@ void pmu_init(ARMCPU *cpu);
 #define SCTLR_EnIB    (1U << 30) /* v8.3, AArch64 only */
 #define SCTLR_EnIA    (1U << 31) /* v8.3, AArch64 only */
 #define SCTLR_DSSBS_32 (1U << 31) /* v8.5, AArch32 only */
+#define SCTLR_MSCEN   (1ULL << 33) /* FEAT_MOPS */
 #define SCTLR_BT0     (1ULL << 35) /* v8.5-BTI */
 #define SCTLR_BT1     (1ULL << 36) /* v8.5-BTI */
 #define SCTLR_ITFSB   (1ULL << 37) /* v8.5-MemTag */
@@ -2166,6 +2167,7 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, SHA1, 8, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, SHA2, 12, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, CRC32, 16, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, ATOMIC, 20, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, TME, 24, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, RDM, 28, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, SHA3, 32, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR0, SM3, 36, 4)
@@ -2200,6 +2202,13 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, APA3, 12, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, MOPS, 16, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, BC, 20, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, PAC_FRAC, 24, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, CLRBHB, 28, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, SYSREG_128, 32, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, SYSINSTR_128, 36, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, PRFMSLC, 40, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, RPRFM, 48, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, CSSC, 52, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ISAR2, ATS1A, 60, 4)
 
 FIELD(ID_AA64PFR0, EL0, 0, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64PFR0, EL1, 4, 4)
@@ -2227,6 +2236,12 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, SME, 24, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, RNDR_TRAP, 28, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, CSV2_FRAC, 32, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, NMI, 36, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, MTE_FRAC, 40, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, GCS, 44, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, THE, 48, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, MTEX, 52, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, DF2, 56, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64PFR1, PFAR, 60, 4)
 
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR0, PARANGE, 0, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR0, ASIDBITS, 4, 4)
@@ -2258,6 +2273,7 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR1, AFP, 44, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR1, NTLBPA, 48, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR1, TIDCP1, 52, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR1, CMOW, 56, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR1, ECBHB, 60, 4)
 
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR2, CNP, 0, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64MMFR2, UAO, 4, 4)
@@ -2279,7 +2295,9 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, DEBUGVER, 0, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, TRACEVER, 4, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, PMUVER, 8, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, BRPS, 12, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, PMSS, 16, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, WRPS, 20, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, SEBEP, 24, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, CTX_CMPS, 28, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, PMSVER, 32, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, DOUBLELOCK, 36, 4)
@@ -2287,12 +2305,14 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, TRACEFILT, 40, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, TRACEBUFFER, 44, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, MTPMU, 48, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, BRBE, 52, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, EXTTRCBUFF, 56, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64DFR0, HPMN0, 60, 4)
 
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, SVEVER, 0, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, AES, 4, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, BITPERM, 16, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, BFLOAT16, 20, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, B16B16, 24, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, SHA3, 32, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, SM4, 40, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, I8MM, 44, 4)
@@ -2300,9 +2320,13 @@ FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, F32MM, 52, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64ZFR0, F64MM, 56, 4)
 
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, F32F32, 32, 1)
+FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, BI32I32, 33, 1)
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, B16F32, 34, 1)
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, F16F32, 35, 1)
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, I8I32, 36, 4)
+FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, F16F16, 42, 1)
+FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, B16B16, 43, 1)
+FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, I16I32, 44, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, F64F64, 48, 1)
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, I16I64, 52, 4)
 FIELD(ID_AA64SMFR0, SMEVER, 56, 4)
@@ -3147,6 +3171,7 @@ FIELD(TBFLAG_A64, SVL, 24, 4)
 FIELD(TBFLAG_A64, SME_TRAP_NONSTREAMING, 28, 1)
 FIELD(TBFLAG_A64, FGT_ERET, 29, 1)
 FIELD(TBFLAG_A64, NAA, 30, 1)
+FIELD(TBFLAG_A64, ATA0, 31, 1)
 
 /*
  * Helpers for using the above.
@@ -4065,6 +4090,11 @@ static inline bool isar_feature_aa64_i8mm(const ARMISARegisters *id)
     return FIELD_EX64(id->id_aa64isar1, ID_AA64ISAR1, I8MM) != 0;
 }
 
+static inline bool isar_feature_aa64_hbc(const ARMISARegisters *id)
+{
+    return FIELD_EX64(id->id_aa64isar2, ID_AA64ISAR2, BC) != 0;
+}
+
 static inline bool isar_feature_aa64_tgran4_lpa2(const ARMISARegisters *id)
 {
     return FIELD_SEX64(id->id_aa64mmfr0, ID_AA64MMFR0, TGRAN4) >= 1;
@@ -4253,6 +4283,11 @@ static inline bool isar_feature_aa64_doublelock(const ARMISARegisters *id)
     return FIELD_SEX64(id->id_aa64dfr0, ID_AA64DFR0, DOUBLELOCK) >= 0;
 }
 
+static inline bool isar_feature_aa64_mops(const ARMISARegisters *id)
+{
+    return FIELD_EX64(id->id_aa64isar2, ID_AA64ISAR2, MOPS);
+}
+
 /*
  * Feature tests for "does this exist in either 32-bit or 64-bit?"
  */
diff --git a/target/arm/helper.c b/target/arm/helper.c
index 3b22596..8362078 100644
--- a/target/arm/helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/helper.c
@@ -5980,7 +5980,10 @@ static void hcrx_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
 {
     uint64_t valid_mask = 0;
 
-    /* No features adding bits to HCRX are implemented. */
+    /* FEAT_MOPS adds MSCEn and MCE2 */
+    if (cpu_isar_feature(aa64_mops, env_archcpu(env))) {
+        valid_mask |= HCRX_MSCEN | HCRX_MCE2;
+    }
 
     /* Clear RES0 bits.  */
     env->cp15.hcrx_el2 = value & valid_mask;
@@ -6009,13 +6012,24 @@ uint64_t arm_hcrx_el2_eff(CPUARMState *env)
 {
     /*
      * The bits in this register behave as 0 for all purposes other than
-     * direct reads of the register if:
-     *   - EL2 is not enabled in the current security state,
-     *   - SCR_EL3.HXEn is 0.
-     */
-    if (!arm_is_el2_enabled(env)
-        || (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)
-            && !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_HXEN))) {
+     * direct reads of the register if SCR_EL3.HXEn is 0.
+     * If EL2 is not enabled in the current security state, then the
+     * bit may behave as if 0, or as if 1, depending on the bit.
+     * For the moment, we treat the EL2-disabled case as taking
+     * priority over the HXEn-disabled case. This is true for the only
+     * bit for a feature which we implement where the answer is different
+     * for the two cases (MSCEn for FEAT_MOPS).
+     * This may need to be revisited for future bits.
+     */
+    if (!arm_is_el2_enabled(env)) {
+        uint64_t hcrx = 0;
+        if (cpu_isar_feature(aa64_mops, env_archcpu(env))) {
+            /* MSCEn behaves as 1 if EL2 is not enabled */
+            hcrx |= HCRX_MSCEN;
+        }
+        return hcrx;
+    }
+    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3) && !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_HXEN)) {
         return 0;
     }
     return env->cp15.hcrx_el2;
@@ -8621,11 +8635,16 @@ void register_cp_regs_for_features(ARMCPU *cpu)
                                R_ID_AA64ZFR0_F64MM_MASK },
             { .name = "ID_AA64SMFR0_EL1",
               .exported_bits = R_ID_AA64SMFR0_F32F32_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64SMFR0_BI32I32_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64SMFR0_B16F32_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64SMFR0_F16F32_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64SMFR0_I8I32_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64SMFR0_F16F16_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64SMFR0_B16B16_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64SMFR0_I16I32_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64SMFR0_F64F64_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64SMFR0_I16I64_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64SMFR0_SMEVER_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64SMFR0_FA64_MASK },
             { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1",
               .exported_bits = R_ID_AA64MMFR0_ECV_MASK,
@@ -8676,7 +8695,11 @@ void register_cp_regs_for_features(ARMCPU *cpu)
               .exported_bits = R_ID_AA64ISAR2_WFXT_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64ISAR2_RPRES_MASK |
                                R_ID_AA64ISAR2_GPA3_MASK |
-                               R_ID_AA64ISAR2_APA3_MASK },
+                               R_ID_AA64ISAR2_APA3_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64ISAR2_MOPS_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64ISAR2_BC_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64ISAR2_RPRFM_MASK |
+                               R_ID_AA64ISAR2_CSSC_MASK },
             { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR*_EL1_RESERVED",
               .is_glob = true },
         };
diff --git a/target/arm/internals.h b/target/arm/internals.h
index 5f5393b..1dd9182 100644
--- a/target/arm/internals.h
+++ b/target/arm/internals.h
@@ -1272,6 +1272,61 @@ FIELD(MTEDESC, SIZEM1, 12, SIMD_DATA_BITS - 12)  /* size - 1 */
 bool mte_probe(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr);
 uint64_t mte_check(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr, uintptr_t ra);
 
+/**
+ * mte_mops_probe: Check where the next MTE failure is for a FEAT_MOPS operation
+ * @env: CPU env
+ * @ptr: start address of memory region (dirty pointer)
+ * @size: length of region (guaranteed not to cross a page boundary)
+ * @desc: MTEDESC descriptor word (0 means no MTE checks)
+ * Returns: the size of the region that can be copied without hitting
+ *          an MTE tag failure
+ *
+ * Note that we assume that the caller has already checked the TBI
+ * and TCMA bits with mte_checks_needed() and an MTE check is definitely
+ * required.
+ */
+uint64_t mte_mops_probe(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t size,
+                        uint32_t desc);
+
+/**
+ * mte_mops_probe_rev: Check where the next MTE failure is for a FEAT_MOPS
+ *                     operation going in the reverse direction
+ * @env: CPU env
+ * @ptr: *end* address of memory region (dirty pointer)
+ * @size: length of region (guaranteed not to cross a page boundary)
+ * @desc: MTEDESC descriptor word (0 means no MTE checks)
+ * Returns: the size of the region that can be copied without hitting
+ *          an MTE tag failure
+ *
+ * Note that we assume that the caller has already checked the TBI
+ * and TCMA bits with mte_checks_needed() and an MTE check is definitely
+ * required.
+ */
+uint64_t mte_mops_probe_rev(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t size,
+                            uint32_t desc);
+
+/**
+ * mte_check_fail: Record an MTE tag check failure
+ * @env: CPU env
+ * @desc: MTEDESC descriptor word
+ * @dirty_ptr: Failing dirty address
+ * @ra: TCG retaddr
+ *
+ * This may never return (if the MTE tag checks are configured to fault).
+ */
+void mte_check_fail(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc,
+                    uint64_t dirty_ptr, uintptr_t ra);
+
+/**
+ * mte_mops_set_tags: Set MTE tags for a portion of a FEAT_MOPS operation
+ * @env: CPU env
+ * @dirty_ptr: Start address of memory region (dirty pointer)
+ * @size: length of region (guaranteed not to cross page boundary)
+ * @desc: MTEDESC descriptor word
+ */
+void mte_mops_set_tags(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t dirty_ptr, uint64_t size,
+                       uint32_t desc);
+
 static inline int allocation_tag_from_addr(uint64_t ptr)
 {
     return extract64(ptr, 56, 4);
diff --git a/target/arm/syndrome.h b/target/arm/syndrome.h
index 8a6b8f8..5d34755 100644
--- a/target/arm/syndrome.h
+++ b/target/arm/syndrome.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ enum arm_exception_class {
     EC_DATAABORT              = 0x24,
     EC_DATAABORT_SAME_EL      = 0x25,
     EC_SPALIGNMENT            = 0x26,
+    EC_MOP                    = 0x27,
     EC_AA32_FPTRAP            = 0x28,
     EC_AA64_FPTRAP            = 0x2c,
     EC_SERROR                 = 0x2f,
@@ -334,4 +335,15 @@ static inline uint32_t syn_serror(uint32_t extra)
     return (EC_SERROR << ARM_EL_EC_SHIFT) | ARM_EL_IL | extra;
 }
 
+static inline uint32_t syn_mop(bool is_set, bool is_setg, int options,
+                               bool epilogue, bool wrong_option, bool option_a,
+                               int destreg, int srcreg, int sizereg)
+{
+    return (EC_MOP << ARM_EL_EC_SHIFT) | ARM_EL_IL |
+        (is_set << 24) | (is_setg << 23) | (options << 19) |
+        (epilogue << 18) | (wrong_option << 17) | (option_a << 16) |
+        (destreg << 10) | (srcreg << 5) | sizereg;
+}
+
+
 #endif /* TARGET_ARM_SYNDROME_H */
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/a64.decode b/target/arm/tcg/a64.decode
index ef64a3f..0cf1147 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/a64.decode
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/a64.decode
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ CBZ             sf:1 011010 nz:1 ................... rt:5 &cbz imm=%imm19
 
 TBZ             . 011011 nz:1 ..... .............. rt:5 &tbz  imm=%imm14 bitpos=%imm31_19
 
-B_cond          0101010 0 ................... 0 cond:4 imm=%imm19
+# B.cond and BC.cond
+B_cond          0101010 0 ................... c:1 cond:4 imm=%imm19
 
 BR              1101011 0000 11111 000000 rn:5 00000 &r
 BLR             1101011 0001 11111 000000 rn:5 00000 &r
@@ -553,3 +554,38 @@ LDGM            11011001 11 1 ......... 00 ..... ..... @ldst_tag_mult p=0 w=0
 STZ2G           11011001 11 1 ......... 01 ..... ..... @ldst_tag p=1 w=1
 STZ2G           11011001 11 1 ......... 10 ..... ..... @ldst_tag p=0 w=0
 STZ2G           11011001 11 1 ......... 11 ..... ..... @ldst_tag p=0 w=1
+
+# Memory operations (memset, memcpy, memmove)
+# Each of these comes in a set of three, eg SETP (prologue), SETM (main),
+# SETE (epilogue), and each of those has different flavours to
+# indicate whether memory accesses should be unpriv or non-temporal.
+# We don't distinguish temporal and non-temporal accesses, but we
+# do need to report it in syndrome register values.
+
+# Memset
+&set rs rn rd unpriv nontemp
+# op2 bit 1 is nontemporal bit
+@set         .. ......... rs:5 .. nontemp:1 unpriv:1 .. rn:5 rd:5 &set
+
+SETP            00 011001110 ..... 00 . . 01 ..... ..... @set
+SETM            00 011001110 ..... 01 . . 01 ..... ..... @set
+SETE            00 011001110 ..... 10 . . 01 ..... ..... @set
+
+# Like SET, but also setting MTE tags
+SETGP           00 011101110 ..... 00 . . 01 ..... ..... @set
+SETGM           00 011101110 ..... 01 . . 01 ..... ..... @set
+SETGE           00 011101110 ..... 10 . . 01 ..... ..... @set
+
+# Memmove/Memcopy: the CPY insns allow overlapping src/dest and
+# copy in the correct direction; the CPYF insns always copy forwards.
+#
+# options has the nontemporal and unpriv bits for src and dest
+&cpy rs rn rd options
+@cpy            .. ... . ..... rs:5 options:4 .. rn:5 rd:5 &cpy
+
+CPYFP           00 011 0 01000 ..... .... 01 ..... ..... @cpy
+CPYFM           00 011 0 01010 ..... .... 01 ..... ..... @cpy
+CPYFE           00 011 0 01100 ..... .... 01 ..... ..... @cpy
+CPYP            00 011 1 01000 ..... .... 01 ..... ..... @cpy
+CPYM            00 011 1 01010 ..... .... 01 ..... ..... @cpy
+CPYE            00 011 1 01100 ..... .... 01 ..... ..... @cpy
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/cpu64.c b/target/arm/tcg/cpu64.c
index 7264ab5..68928e5 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/cpu64.c
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/cpu64.c
@@ -1027,6 +1027,11 @@ void aarch64_max_tcg_initfn(Object *obj)
     t = FIELD_DP64(t, ID_AA64ISAR1, I8MM, 1);     /* FEAT_I8MM */
     cpu->isar.id_aa64isar1 = t;
 
+    t = cpu->isar.id_aa64isar2;
+    t = FIELD_DP64(t, ID_AA64ISAR2, MOPS, 1);     /* FEAT_MOPS */
+    t = FIELD_DP64(t, ID_AA64ISAR2, BC, 1);      /* FEAT_HBC */
+    cpu->isar.id_aa64isar2 = t;
+
     t = cpu->isar.id_aa64pfr0;
     t = FIELD_DP64(t, ID_AA64PFR0, FP, 1);        /* FEAT_FP16 */
     t = FIELD_DP64(t, ID_AA64PFR0, ADVSIMD, 1);   /* FEAT_FP16 */
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.c b/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.c
index 0cf56f6..84f5475 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.c
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.c
@@ -968,3 +968,881 @@ void HELPER(unaligned_access)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t addr,
     arm_cpu_do_unaligned_access(env_cpu(env), addr, access_type,
                                 mmu_idx, GETPC());
 }
+
+/* Memory operations (memset, memmove, memcpy) */
+
+/*
+ * Return true if the CPY* and SET* insns can execute; compare
+ * pseudocode CheckMOPSEnabled(), though we refactor it a little.
+ */
+static bool mops_enabled(CPUARMState *env)
+{
+    int el = arm_current_el(env);
+
+    if (el < 2 &&
+        (arm_hcr_el2_eff(env) & (HCR_E2H | HCR_TGE)) != (HCR_E2H | HCR_TGE) &&
+        !(arm_hcrx_el2_eff(env) & HCRX_MSCEN)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (el == 0) {
+        if (!el_is_in_host(env, 0)) {
+            return env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_MSCEN;
+        } else {
+            return env->cp15.sctlr_el[2] & SCTLR_MSCEN;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void check_mops_enabled(CPUARMState *env, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    if (!mops_enabled(env)) {
+        raise_exception_ra(env, EXCP_UDEF, syn_uncategorized(),
+                           exception_target_el(env), ra);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the target exception level for an exception due
+ * to mismatched arguments in a FEAT_MOPS copy or set.
+ * Compare pseudocode MismatchedCpySetTargetEL()
+ */
+static int mops_mismatch_exception_target_el(CPUARMState *env)
+{
+    int el = arm_current_el(env);
+
+    if (el > 1) {
+        return el;
+    }
+    if (el == 0 && (arm_hcr_el2_eff(env) & HCR_TGE)) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+    if (el == 1 && (arm_hcrx_el2_eff(env) & HCRX_MCE2)) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check whether an M or E instruction was executed with a CF value
+ * indicating the wrong option for this implementation.
+ * Assumes we are always Option A.
+ */
+static void check_mops_wrong_option(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome,
+                                    uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    if (env->CF != 0) {
+        syndrome |= 1 << 17; /* Set the wrong-option bit */
+        raise_exception_ra(env, EXCP_UDEF, syndrome,
+                           mops_mismatch_exception_target_el(env), ra);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the maximum number of bytes we can transfer starting at addr
+ * without crossing a page boundary.
+ */
+static uint64_t page_limit(uint64_t addr)
+{
+    return TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(addr + 1) - addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the number of bytes we can copy starting from addr and working
+ * backwards without crossing a page boundary.
+ */
+static uint64_t page_limit_rev(uint64_t addr)
+{
+    return (addr & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform part of a memory set on an area of guest memory starting at
+ * toaddr (a dirty address) and extending for setsize bytes.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of bytes actually set, which might be less than
+ * setsize; the caller should loop until the whole set has been done.
+ * The caller should ensure that the guest registers are correct
+ * for the possibility that the first byte of the set encounters
+ * an exception or watchpoint. We guarantee not to take any faults
+ * for bytes other than the first.
+ */
+static uint64_t set_step(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t toaddr,
+                         uint64_t setsize, uint32_t data, int memidx,
+                         uint32_t *mtedesc, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    void *mem;
+
+    setsize = MIN(setsize, page_limit(toaddr));
+    if (*mtedesc) {
+        uint64_t mtesize = mte_mops_probe(env, toaddr, setsize, *mtedesc);
+        if (mtesize == 0) {
+            /* Trap, or not. All CPU state is up to date */
+            mte_check_fail(env, *mtedesc, toaddr, ra);
+            /* Continue, with no further MTE checks required */
+            *mtedesc = 0;
+        } else {
+            /* Advance to the end, or to the tag mismatch */
+            setsize = MIN(setsize, mtesize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    toaddr = useronly_clean_ptr(toaddr);
+    /*
+     * Trapless lookup: returns NULL for invalid page, I/O,
+     * watchpoints, clean pages, etc.
+     */
+    mem = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env, toaddr, MMU_DATA_STORE, memidx);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    if (unlikely(!mem)) {
+        /*
+         * Slow-path: just do one byte write. This will handle the
+         * watchpoint, invalid page, etc handling correctly.
+         * For clean code pages, the next iteration will see
+         * the page dirty and will use the fast path.
+         */
+        cpu_stb_mmuidx_ra(env, toaddr, data, memidx, ra);
+        return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* Easy case: just memset the host memory */
+    memset(mem, data, setsize);
+    return setsize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Similar, but setting tags. The architecture requires us to do this
+ * in 16-byte chunks. SETP accesses are not tag checked; they set
+ * the tags.
+ */
+static uint64_t set_step_tags(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t toaddr,
+                              uint64_t setsize, uint32_t data, int memidx,
+                              uint32_t *mtedesc, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    void *mem;
+    uint64_t cleanaddr;
+
+    setsize = MIN(setsize, page_limit(toaddr));
+
+    cleanaddr = useronly_clean_ptr(toaddr);
+    /*
+     * Trapless lookup: returns NULL for invalid page, I/O,
+     * watchpoints, clean pages, etc.
+     */
+    mem = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env, cleanaddr, MMU_DATA_STORE, memidx);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    if (unlikely(!mem)) {
+        /*
+         * Slow-path: just do one write. This will handle the
+         * watchpoint, invalid page, etc handling correctly.
+         * The architecture requires that we do 16 bytes at a time,
+         * and we know both ptr and size are 16 byte aligned.
+         * For clean code pages, the next iteration will see
+         * the page dirty and will use the fast path.
+         */
+        uint64_t repldata = data * 0x0101010101010101ULL;
+        MemOpIdx oi16 = make_memop_idx(MO_TE | MO_128, memidx);
+        cpu_st16_mmu(env, toaddr, int128_make128(repldata, repldata), oi16, ra);
+        mte_mops_set_tags(env, toaddr, 16, *mtedesc);
+        return 16;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* Easy case: just memset the host memory */
+    memset(mem, data, setsize);
+    mte_mops_set_tags(env, toaddr, setsize, *mtedesc);
+    return setsize;
+}
+
+typedef uint64_t StepFn(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t toaddr,
+                        uint64_t setsize, uint32_t data,
+                        int memidx, uint32_t *mtedesc, uintptr_t ra);
+
+/* Extract register numbers from a MOPS exception syndrome value */
+static int mops_destreg(uint32_t syndrome)
+{
+    return extract32(syndrome, 10, 5);
+}
+
+static int mops_srcreg(uint32_t syndrome)
+{
+    return extract32(syndrome, 5, 5);
+}
+
+static int mops_sizereg(uint32_t syndrome)
+{
+    return extract32(syndrome, 0, 5);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true if TCMA and TBI bits mean we need to do MTE checks.
+ * We only need to do this once per MOPS insn, not for every page.
+ */
+static bool mte_checks_needed(uint64_t ptr, uint32_t desc)
+{
+    int bit55 = extract64(ptr, 55, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * Note that tbi_check() returns true for "access checked" but
+     * tcma_check() returns true for "access unchecked".
+     */
+    if (!tbi_check(desc, bit55)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return !tcma_check(desc, bit55, allocation_tag_from_addr(ptr));
+}
+
+/* Take an exception if the SETG addr/size are not granule aligned */
+static void check_setg_alignment(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t size,
+                                 uint32_t memidx, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    if ((size != 0 && !QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(ptr, TAG_GRANULE)) ||
+        !QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(size, TAG_GRANULE)) {
+        arm_cpu_do_unaligned_access(env_cpu(env), ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE,
+                                    memidx, ra);
+
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * For the Memory Set operation, our implementation chooses
+ * always to use "option A", where we update Xd to the final
+ * address in the SETP insn, and set Xn to be -(bytes remaining).
+ * On SETM and SETE insns we only need update Xn.
+ *
+ * @env: CPU
+ * @syndrome: syndrome value for mismatch exceptions
+ * (also contains the register numbers we need to use)
+ * @mtedesc: MTE descriptor word
+ * @stepfn: function which does a single part of the set operation
+ * @is_setg: true if this is the tag-setting SETG variant
+ */
+static void do_setp(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc,
+                    StepFn *stepfn, bool is_setg, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    /* Prologue: we choose to do up to the next page boundary */
+    int rd = mops_destreg(syndrome);
+    int rs = mops_srcreg(syndrome);
+    int rn = mops_sizereg(syndrome);
+    uint8_t data = env->xregs[rs];
+    uint32_t memidx = FIELD_EX32(mtedesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    uint64_t toaddr = env->xregs[rd];
+    uint64_t setsize = env->xregs[rn];
+    uint64_t stagesetsize, step;
+
+    check_mops_enabled(env, ra);
+
+    if (setsize > INT64_MAX) {
+        setsize = INT64_MAX;
+        if (is_setg) {
+            setsize &= ~0xf;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely(is_setg)) {
+        check_setg_alignment(env, toaddr, setsize, memidx, ra);
+    } else if (!mte_checks_needed(toaddr, mtedesc)) {
+        mtedesc = 0;
+    }
+
+    stagesetsize = MIN(setsize, page_limit(toaddr));
+    while (stagesetsize) {
+        env->xregs[rd] = toaddr;
+        env->xregs[rn] = setsize;
+        step = stepfn(env, toaddr, stagesetsize, data, memidx, &mtedesc, ra);
+        toaddr += step;
+        setsize -= step;
+        stagesetsize -= step;
+    }
+    /* Insn completed, so update registers to the Option A format */
+    env->xregs[rd] = toaddr + setsize;
+    env->xregs[rn] = -setsize;
+
+    /* Set NZCV = 0000 to indicate we are an Option A implementation */
+    env->NF = 0;
+    env->ZF = 1; /* our env->ZF encoding is inverted */
+    env->CF = 0;
+    env->VF = 0;
+    return;
+}
+
+void HELPER(setp)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc)
+{
+    do_setp(env, syndrome, mtedesc, set_step, false, GETPC());
+}
+
+void HELPER(setgp)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc)
+{
+    do_setp(env, syndrome, mtedesc, set_step_tags, true, GETPC());
+}
+
+static void do_setm(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc,
+                    StepFn *stepfn, bool is_setg, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    /* Main: we choose to do all the full-page chunks */
+    CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
+    int rd = mops_destreg(syndrome);
+    int rs = mops_srcreg(syndrome);
+    int rn = mops_sizereg(syndrome);
+    uint8_t data = env->xregs[rs];
+    uint64_t toaddr = env->xregs[rd] + env->xregs[rn];
+    uint64_t setsize = -env->xregs[rn];
+    uint32_t memidx = FIELD_EX32(mtedesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    uint64_t step, stagesetsize;
+
+    check_mops_enabled(env, ra);
+
+    /*
+     * We're allowed to NOP out "no data to copy" before the consistency
+     * checks; we choose to do so.
+     */
+    if (env->xregs[rn] == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    check_mops_wrong_option(env, syndrome, ra);
+
+    /*
+     * Our implementation will work fine even if we have an unaligned
+     * destination address, and because we update Xn every time around
+     * the loop below and the return value from stepfn() may be less
+     * than requested, we might find toaddr is unaligned. So we don't
+     * have an IMPDEF check for alignment here.
+     */
+
+    if (unlikely(is_setg)) {
+        check_setg_alignment(env, toaddr, setsize, memidx, ra);
+    } else if (!mte_checks_needed(toaddr, mtedesc)) {
+        mtedesc = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Do the actual memset: we leave the last partial page to SETE */
+    stagesetsize = setsize & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
+    while (stagesetsize > 0) {
+        step = stepfn(env, toaddr, setsize, data, memidx, &mtedesc, ra);
+        toaddr += step;
+        setsize -= step;
+        stagesetsize -= step;
+        env->xregs[rn] = -setsize;
+        if (stagesetsize > 0 && unlikely(cpu_loop_exit_requested(cs))) {
+            cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, ra);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void HELPER(setm)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc)
+{
+    do_setm(env, syndrome, mtedesc, set_step, false, GETPC());
+}
+
+void HELPER(setgm)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc)
+{
+    do_setm(env, syndrome, mtedesc, set_step_tags, true, GETPC());
+}
+
+static void do_sete(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc,
+                    StepFn *stepfn, bool is_setg, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    /* Epilogue: do the last partial page */
+    int rd = mops_destreg(syndrome);
+    int rs = mops_srcreg(syndrome);
+    int rn = mops_sizereg(syndrome);
+    uint8_t data = env->xregs[rs];
+    uint64_t toaddr = env->xregs[rd] + env->xregs[rn];
+    uint64_t setsize = -env->xregs[rn];
+    uint32_t memidx = FIELD_EX32(mtedesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    uint64_t step;
+
+    check_mops_enabled(env, ra);
+
+    /*
+     * We're allowed to NOP out "no data to copy" before the consistency
+     * checks; we choose to do so.
+     */
+    if (setsize == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    check_mops_wrong_option(env, syndrome, ra);
+
+    /*
+     * Our implementation has no address alignment requirements, but
+     * we do want to enforce the "less than a page" size requirement,
+     * so we don't need to have the "check for interrupts" here.
+     */
+    if (setsize >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
+        raise_exception_ra(env, EXCP_UDEF, syndrome,
+                           mops_mismatch_exception_target_el(env), ra);
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely(is_setg)) {
+        check_setg_alignment(env, toaddr, setsize, memidx, ra);
+    } else if (!mte_checks_needed(toaddr, mtedesc)) {
+        mtedesc = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Do the actual memset */
+    while (setsize > 0) {
+        step = stepfn(env, toaddr, setsize, data, memidx, &mtedesc, ra);
+        toaddr += step;
+        setsize -= step;
+        env->xregs[rn] = -setsize;
+    }
+}
+
+void HELPER(sete)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc)
+{
+    do_sete(env, syndrome, mtedesc, set_step, false, GETPC());
+}
+
+void HELPER(setge)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t mtedesc)
+{
+    do_sete(env, syndrome, mtedesc, set_step_tags, true, GETPC());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform part of a memory copy from the guest memory at fromaddr
+ * and extending for copysize bytes, to the guest memory at
+ * toaddr. Both addreses are dirty.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of bytes actually set, which might be less than
+ * copysize; the caller should loop until the whole copy has been done.
+ * The caller should ensure that the guest registers are correct
+ * for the possibility that the first byte of the copy encounters
+ * an exception or watchpoint. We guarantee not to take any faults
+ * for bytes other than the first.
+ */
+static uint64_t copy_step(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t toaddr, uint64_t fromaddr,
+                          uint64_t copysize, int wmemidx, int rmemidx,
+                          uint32_t *wdesc, uint32_t *rdesc, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    void *rmem;
+    void *wmem;
+
+    /* Don't cross a page boundary on either source or destination */
+    copysize = MIN(copysize, page_limit(toaddr));
+    copysize = MIN(copysize, page_limit(fromaddr));
+    /*
+     * Handle MTE tag checks: either handle the tag mismatch for byte 0,
+     * or else copy up to but not including the byte with the mismatch.
+     */
+    if (*rdesc) {
+        uint64_t mtesize = mte_mops_probe(env, fromaddr, copysize, *rdesc);
+        if (mtesize == 0) {
+            mte_check_fail(env, *rdesc, fromaddr, ra);
+            *rdesc = 0;
+        } else {
+            copysize = MIN(copysize, mtesize);
+        }
+    }
+    if (*wdesc) {
+        uint64_t mtesize = mte_mops_probe(env, toaddr, copysize, *wdesc);
+        if (mtesize == 0) {
+            mte_check_fail(env, *wdesc, toaddr, ra);
+            *wdesc = 0;
+        } else {
+            copysize = MIN(copysize, mtesize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    toaddr = useronly_clean_ptr(toaddr);
+    fromaddr = useronly_clean_ptr(fromaddr);
+    /* Trapless lookup of whether we can get a host memory pointer */
+    wmem = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env, toaddr, MMU_DATA_STORE, wmemidx);
+    rmem = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env, fromaddr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, rmemidx);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    /*
+     * If we don't have host memory for both source and dest then just
+     * do a single byte copy. This will handle watchpoints, invalid pages,
+     * etc correctly. For clean code pages, the next iteration will see
+     * the page dirty and will use the fast path.
+     */
+    if (unlikely(!rmem || !wmem)) {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        if (rmem) {
+            byte = *(uint8_t *)rmem;
+        } else {
+            byte = cpu_ldub_mmuidx_ra(env, fromaddr, rmemidx, ra);
+        }
+        if (wmem) {
+            *(uint8_t *)wmem = byte;
+        } else {
+            cpu_stb_mmuidx_ra(env, toaddr, byte, wmemidx, ra);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* Easy case: just memmove the host memory */
+    memmove(wmem, rmem, copysize);
+    return copysize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do part of a backwards memory copy. Here toaddr and fromaddr point
+ * to the *last* byte to be copied.
+ */
+static uint64_t copy_step_rev(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t toaddr,
+                              uint64_t fromaddr,
+                              uint64_t copysize, int wmemidx, int rmemidx,
+                              uint32_t *wdesc, uint32_t *rdesc, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    void *rmem;
+    void *wmem;
+
+    /* Don't cross a page boundary on either source or destination */
+    copysize = MIN(copysize, page_limit_rev(toaddr));
+    copysize = MIN(copysize, page_limit_rev(fromaddr));
+
+    /*
+     * Handle MTE tag checks: either handle the tag mismatch for byte 0,
+     * or else copy up to but not including the byte with the mismatch.
+     */
+    if (*rdesc) {
+        uint64_t mtesize = mte_mops_probe_rev(env, fromaddr, copysize, *rdesc);
+        if (mtesize == 0) {
+            mte_check_fail(env, *rdesc, fromaddr, ra);
+            *rdesc = 0;
+        } else {
+            copysize = MIN(copysize, mtesize);
+        }
+    }
+    if (*wdesc) {
+        uint64_t mtesize = mte_mops_probe_rev(env, toaddr, copysize, *wdesc);
+        if (mtesize == 0) {
+            mte_check_fail(env, *wdesc, toaddr, ra);
+            *wdesc = 0;
+        } else {
+            copysize = MIN(copysize, mtesize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    toaddr = useronly_clean_ptr(toaddr);
+    fromaddr = useronly_clean_ptr(fromaddr);
+    /* Trapless lookup of whether we can get a host memory pointer */
+    wmem = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env, toaddr, MMU_DATA_STORE, wmemidx);
+    rmem = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env, fromaddr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, rmemidx);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    /*
+     * If we don't have host memory for both source and dest then just
+     * do a single byte copy. This will handle watchpoints, invalid pages,
+     * etc correctly. For clean code pages, the next iteration will see
+     * the page dirty and will use the fast path.
+     */
+    if (unlikely(!rmem || !wmem)) {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        if (rmem) {
+            byte = *(uint8_t *)rmem;
+        } else {
+            byte = cpu_ldub_mmuidx_ra(env, fromaddr, rmemidx, ra);
+        }
+        if (wmem) {
+            *(uint8_t *)wmem = byte;
+        } else {
+            cpu_stb_mmuidx_ra(env, toaddr, byte, wmemidx, ra);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    /*
+     * Easy case: just memmove the host memory. Note that wmem and
+     * rmem here point to the *last* byte to copy.
+     */
+    memmove(wmem - (copysize - 1), rmem - (copysize - 1), copysize);
+    return copysize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * for the Memory Copy operation, our implementation chooses always
+ * to use "option A", where we update Xd and Xs to the final addresses
+ * in the CPYP insn, and then in CPYM and CPYE only need to update Xn.
+ *
+ * @env: CPU
+ * @syndrome: syndrome value for mismatch exceptions
+ * (also contains the register numbers we need to use)
+ * @wdesc: MTE descriptor for the writes (destination)
+ * @rdesc: MTE descriptor for the reads (source)
+ * @move: true if this is CPY (memmove), false for CPYF (memcpy forwards)
+ */
+static void do_cpyp(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                    uint32_t rdesc, uint32_t move, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    int rd = mops_destreg(syndrome);
+    int rs = mops_srcreg(syndrome);
+    int rn = mops_sizereg(syndrome);
+    uint32_t rmemidx = FIELD_EX32(rdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    uint32_t wmemidx = FIELD_EX32(wdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    bool forwards = true;
+    uint64_t toaddr = env->xregs[rd];
+    uint64_t fromaddr = env->xregs[rs];
+    uint64_t copysize = env->xregs[rn];
+    uint64_t stagecopysize, step;
+
+    check_mops_enabled(env, ra);
+
+
+    if (move) {
+        /*
+         * Copy backwards if necessary. The direction for a non-overlapping
+         * copy is IMPDEF; we choose forwards.
+         */
+        if (copysize > 0x007FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) {
+            copysize = 0x007FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+        }
+        uint64_t fs = extract64(fromaddr, 0, 56);
+        uint64_t ts = extract64(toaddr, 0, 56);
+        uint64_t fe = extract64(fromaddr + copysize, 0, 56);
+
+        if (fs < ts && fe > ts) {
+            forwards = false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (copysize > INT64_MAX) {
+            copysize = INT64_MAX;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!mte_checks_needed(fromaddr, rdesc)) {
+        rdesc = 0;
+    }
+    if (!mte_checks_needed(toaddr, wdesc)) {
+        wdesc = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (forwards) {
+        stagecopysize = MIN(copysize, page_limit(toaddr));
+        stagecopysize = MIN(stagecopysize, page_limit(fromaddr));
+        while (stagecopysize) {
+            env->xregs[rd] = toaddr;
+            env->xregs[rs] = fromaddr;
+            env->xregs[rn] = copysize;
+            step = copy_step(env, toaddr, fromaddr, stagecopysize,
+                             wmemidx, rmemidx, &wdesc, &rdesc, ra);
+            toaddr += step;
+            fromaddr += step;
+            copysize -= step;
+            stagecopysize -= step;
+        }
+        /* Insn completed, so update registers to the Option A format */
+        env->xregs[rd] = toaddr + copysize;
+        env->xregs[rs] = fromaddr + copysize;
+        env->xregs[rn] = -copysize;
+    } else {
+        /*
+         * In a reverse copy the to and from addrs in Xs and Xd are the start
+         * of the range, but it's more convenient for us to work with pointers
+         * to the last byte being copied.
+         */
+        toaddr += copysize - 1;
+        fromaddr += copysize - 1;
+        stagecopysize = MIN(copysize, page_limit_rev(toaddr));
+        stagecopysize = MIN(stagecopysize, page_limit_rev(fromaddr));
+        while (stagecopysize) {
+            env->xregs[rn] = copysize;
+            step = copy_step_rev(env, toaddr, fromaddr, stagecopysize,
+                                 wmemidx, rmemidx, &wdesc, &rdesc, ra);
+            copysize -= step;
+            stagecopysize -= step;
+            toaddr -= step;
+            fromaddr -= step;
+        }
+        /*
+         * Insn completed, so update registers to the Option A format.
+         * For a reverse copy this is no different to the CPYP input format.
+         */
+        env->xregs[rn] = copysize;
+    }
+
+    /* Set NZCV = 0000 to indicate we are an Option A implementation */
+    env->NF = 0;
+    env->ZF = 1; /* our env->ZF encoding is inverted */
+    env->CF = 0;
+    env->VF = 0;
+    return;
+}
+
+void HELPER(cpyp)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                  uint32_t rdesc)
+{
+    do_cpyp(env, syndrome, wdesc, rdesc, true, GETPC());
+}
+
+void HELPER(cpyfp)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                   uint32_t rdesc)
+{
+    do_cpyp(env, syndrome, wdesc, rdesc, false, GETPC());
+}
+
+static void do_cpym(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                    uint32_t rdesc, uint32_t move, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    /* Main: we choose to copy until less than a page remaining */
+    CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
+    int rd = mops_destreg(syndrome);
+    int rs = mops_srcreg(syndrome);
+    int rn = mops_sizereg(syndrome);
+    uint32_t rmemidx = FIELD_EX32(rdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    uint32_t wmemidx = FIELD_EX32(wdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    bool forwards = true;
+    uint64_t toaddr, fromaddr, copysize, step;
+
+    check_mops_enabled(env, ra);
+
+    /* We choose to NOP out "no data to copy" before consistency checks */
+    if (env->xregs[rn] == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    check_mops_wrong_option(env, syndrome, ra);
+
+    if (move) {
+        forwards = (int64_t)env->xregs[rn] < 0;
+    }
+
+    if (forwards) {
+        toaddr = env->xregs[rd] + env->xregs[rn];
+        fromaddr = env->xregs[rs] + env->xregs[rn];
+        copysize = -env->xregs[rn];
+    } else {
+        copysize = env->xregs[rn];
+        /* This toaddr and fromaddr point to the *last* byte to copy */
+        toaddr = env->xregs[rd] + copysize - 1;
+        fromaddr = env->xregs[rs] + copysize - 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!mte_checks_needed(fromaddr, rdesc)) {
+        rdesc = 0;
+    }
+    if (!mte_checks_needed(toaddr, wdesc)) {
+        wdesc = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Our implementation has no particular parameter requirements for CPYM */
+
+    /* Do the actual memmove */
+    if (forwards) {
+        while (copysize >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
+            step = copy_step(env, toaddr, fromaddr, copysize,
+                             wmemidx, rmemidx, &wdesc, &rdesc, ra);
+            toaddr += step;
+            fromaddr += step;
+            copysize -= step;
+            env->xregs[rn] = -copysize;
+            if (copysize >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE &&
+                unlikely(cpu_loop_exit_requested(cs))) {
+                cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, ra);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        while (copysize >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
+            step = copy_step_rev(env, toaddr, fromaddr, copysize,
+                                 wmemidx, rmemidx, &wdesc, &rdesc, ra);
+            toaddr -= step;
+            fromaddr -= step;
+            copysize -= step;
+            env->xregs[rn] = copysize;
+            if (copysize >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE &&
+                unlikely(cpu_loop_exit_requested(cs))) {
+                cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, ra);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void HELPER(cpym)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                  uint32_t rdesc)
+{
+    do_cpym(env, syndrome, wdesc, rdesc, true, GETPC());
+}
+
+void HELPER(cpyfm)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                   uint32_t rdesc)
+{
+    do_cpym(env, syndrome, wdesc, rdesc, false, GETPC());
+}
+
+static void do_cpye(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                    uint32_t rdesc, uint32_t move, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    /* Epilogue: do the last partial page */
+    int rd = mops_destreg(syndrome);
+    int rs = mops_srcreg(syndrome);
+    int rn = mops_sizereg(syndrome);
+    uint32_t rmemidx = FIELD_EX32(rdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    uint32_t wmemidx = FIELD_EX32(wdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    bool forwards = true;
+    uint64_t toaddr, fromaddr, copysize, step;
+
+    check_mops_enabled(env, ra);
+
+    /* We choose to NOP out "no data to copy" before consistency checks */
+    if (env->xregs[rn] == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    check_mops_wrong_option(env, syndrome, ra);
+
+    if (move) {
+        forwards = (int64_t)env->xregs[rn] < 0;
+    }
+
+    if (forwards) {
+        toaddr = env->xregs[rd] + env->xregs[rn];
+        fromaddr = env->xregs[rs] + env->xregs[rn];
+        copysize = -env->xregs[rn];
+    } else {
+        copysize = env->xregs[rn];
+        /* This toaddr and fromaddr point to the *last* byte to copy */
+        toaddr = env->xregs[rd] + copysize - 1;
+        fromaddr = env->xregs[rs] + copysize - 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!mte_checks_needed(fromaddr, rdesc)) {
+        rdesc = 0;
+    }
+    if (!mte_checks_needed(toaddr, wdesc)) {
+        wdesc = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Check the size; we don't want to have do a check-for-interrupts */
+    if (copysize >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
+        raise_exception_ra(env, EXCP_UDEF, syndrome,
+                           mops_mismatch_exception_target_el(env), ra);
+    }
+
+    /* Do the actual memmove */
+    if (forwards) {
+        while (copysize > 0) {
+            step = copy_step(env, toaddr, fromaddr, copysize,
+                             wmemidx, rmemidx, &wdesc, &rdesc, ra);
+            toaddr += step;
+            fromaddr += step;
+            copysize -= step;
+            env->xregs[rn] = -copysize;
+        }
+    } else {
+        while (copysize > 0) {
+            step = copy_step_rev(env, toaddr, fromaddr, copysize,
+                                 wmemidx, rmemidx, &wdesc, &rdesc, ra);
+            toaddr -= step;
+            fromaddr -= step;
+            copysize -= step;
+            env->xregs[rn] = copysize;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void HELPER(cpye)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                  uint32_t rdesc)
+{
+    do_cpye(env, syndrome, wdesc, rdesc, true, GETPC());
+}
+
+void HELPER(cpyfe)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t syndrome, uint32_t wdesc,
+                   uint32_t rdesc)
+{
+    do_cpye(env, syndrome, wdesc, rdesc, false, GETPC());
+}
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.h b/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.h
index 57cfd68..575a5da 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.h
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/helper-a64.h
@@ -117,3 +117,17 @@ DEF_HELPER_FLAGS_3(stzgm_tags, TCG_CALL_NO_WG, void, env, i64, i64)
 
 DEF_HELPER_FLAGS_4(unaligned_access, TCG_CALL_NO_WG,
                    noreturn, env, i64, i32, i32)
+
+DEF_HELPER_3(setp, void, env, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_3(setm, void, env, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_3(sete, void, env, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_3(setgp, void, env, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_3(setgm, void, env, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_3(setge, void, env, i32, i32)
+
+DEF_HELPER_4(cpyp, void, env, i32, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_4(cpym, void, env, i32, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_4(cpye, void, env, i32, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_4(cpyfp, void, env, i32, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_4(cpyfm, void, env, i32, i32, i32)
+DEF_HELPER_4(cpyfe, void, env, i32, i32, i32)
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/hflags.c b/target/arm/tcg/hflags.c
index 616c5fa..cea1adb 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/hflags.c
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/hflags.c
@@ -306,6 +306,15 @@ static CPUARMTBFlags rebuild_hflags_a64(CPUARMState *env, int el, int fp_el,
                 && !(env->pstate & PSTATE_TCO)
                 && (sctlr & (el == 0 ? SCTLR_TCF0 : SCTLR_TCF))) {
                 DP_TBFLAG_A64(flags, MTE_ACTIVE, 1);
+                if (!EX_TBFLAG_A64(flags, UNPRIV)) {
+                    /*
+                     * In non-unpriv contexts (eg EL0), unpriv load/stores
+                     * act like normal ones; duplicate the MTE info to
+                     * avoid translate-a64.c having to check UNPRIV to see
+                     * whether it is OK to index into MTE_ACTIVE[].
+                     */
+                    DP_TBFLAG_A64(flags, MTE0_ACTIVE, 1);
+                }
             }
         }
         /* And again for unprivileged accesses, if required.  */
@@ -316,6 +325,18 @@ static CPUARMTBFlags rebuild_hflags_a64(CPUARMState *env, int el, int fp_el,
             && allocation_tag_access_enabled(env, 0, sctlr)) {
             DP_TBFLAG_A64(flags, MTE0_ACTIVE, 1);
         }
+        /*
+         * For unpriv tag-setting accesses we alse need ATA0. Again, in
+         * contexts where unpriv and normal insns are the same we
+         * duplicate the ATA bit to save effort for translate-a64.c.
+         */
+        if (EX_TBFLAG_A64(flags, UNPRIV)) {
+            if (allocation_tag_access_enabled(env, 0, sctlr)) {
+                DP_TBFLAG_A64(flags, ATA0, 1);
+            }
+        } else {
+            DP_TBFLAG_A64(flags, ATA0, EX_TBFLAG_A64(flags, ATA));
+        }
         /* Cache TCMA as well as TBI. */
         DP_TBFLAG_A64(flags, TCMA, aa64_va_parameter_tcma(tcr, mmu_idx));
     }
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/mte_helper.c b/target/arm/tcg/mte_helper.c
index b23d115..2dd7eb3 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/mte_helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/mte_helper.c
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ static int choose_nonexcluded_tag(int tag, int offset, uint16_t exclude)
 }
 
 /**
- * allocation_tag_mem:
+ * allocation_tag_mem_probe:
  * @env: the cpu environment
  * @ptr_mmu_idx: the addressing regime to use for the virtual address
  * @ptr: the virtual address for which to look up tag memory
  * @ptr_access: the access to use for the virtual address
  * @ptr_size: the number of bytes in the normal memory access
  * @tag_access: the access to use for the tag memory
- * @tag_size: the number of bytes in the tag memory access
+ * @probe: true to merely probe, never taking an exception
  * @ra: the return address for exception handling
  *
  * Our tag memory is formatted as a sequence of little-endian nibbles.
@@ -66,18 +66,25 @@ static int choose_nonexcluded_tag(int tag, int offset, uint16_t exclude)
  * for the higher addr.
  *
  * Here, resolve the physical address from the virtual address, and return
- * a pointer to the corresponding tag byte.  Exit with exception if the
- * virtual address is not accessible for @ptr_access.
- *
- * The @ptr_size and @tag_size values may not have an obvious relation
- * due to the alignment of @ptr, and the number of tag checks required.
+ * a pointer to the corresponding tag byte.
  *
  * If there is no tag storage corresponding to @ptr, return NULL.
+ *
+ * If the page is inaccessible for @ptr_access, or has a watchpoint, there are
+ * three options:
+ * (1) probe = true, ra = 0 : pure probe -- we return NULL if the page is not
+ *     accessible, and do not take watchpoint traps. The calling code must
+ *     handle those cases in the right priority compared to MTE traps.
+ * (2) probe = false, ra = 0 : probe, no fault expected -- the caller guarantees
+ *     that the page is going to be accessible. We will take watchpoint traps.
+ * (3) probe = false, ra != 0 : non-probe -- we will take both memory access
+ *     traps and watchpoint traps.
+ * (probe = true, ra != 0 is invalid and will assert.)
  */
-static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
-                                   uint64_t ptr, MMUAccessType ptr_access,
-                                   int ptr_size, MMUAccessType tag_access,
-                                   int tag_size, uintptr_t ra)
+static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem_probe(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
+                                         uint64_t ptr, MMUAccessType ptr_access,
+                                         int ptr_size, MMUAccessType tag_access,
+                                         bool probe, uintptr_t ra)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     uint64_t clean_ptr = useronly_clean_ptr(ptr);
@@ -85,6 +92,8 @@ static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
     uint8_t *tags;
     uintptr_t index;
 
+    assert(!(probe && ra));
+
     if (!(flags & (ptr_access == MMU_DATA_STORE ? PAGE_WRITE_ORG : PAGE_READ))) {
         cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv(env_cpu(env), ptr, ptr_access,
                               !(flags & PAGE_VALID), ra);
@@ -115,12 +124,16 @@ static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
      * exception for inaccessible pages, and resolves the virtual address
      * into the softmmu tlb.
      *
-     * When RA == 0, this is for mte_probe.  The page is expected to be
-     * valid.  Indicate to probe_access_flags no-fault, then assert that
-     * we received a valid page.
+     * When RA == 0, this is either a pure probe or a no-fault-expected probe.
+     * Indicate to probe_access_flags no-fault, then either return NULL
+     * for the pure probe, or assert that we received a valid page for the
+     * no-fault-expected probe.
      */
     flags = probe_access_full(env, ptr, 0, ptr_access, ptr_mmu_idx,
                               ra == 0, &host, &full, ra);
+    if (probe && (flags & TLB_INVALID_MASK)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     assert(!(flags & TLB_INVALID_MASK));
 
     /* If the virtual page MemAttr != Tagged, access unchecked. */
@@ -161,7 +174,7 @@ static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
     }
 
     /* Any debug exception has priority over a tag check exception. */
-    if (unlikely(flags & TLB_WATCHPOINT)) {
+    if (!probe && unlikely(flags & TLB_WATCHPOINT)) {
         int wp = ptr_access == MMU_DATA_LOAD ? BP_MEM_READ : BP_MEM_WRITE;
         assert(ra != 0);
         cpu_check_watchpoint(env_cpu(env), ptr, ptr_size, attrs, wp, ra);
@@ -203,6 +216,15 @@ static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
 #endif
 }
 
+static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
+                                   uint64_t ptr, MMUAccessType ptr_access,
+                                   int ptr_size, MMUAccessType tag_access,
+                                   uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    return allocation_tag_mem_probe(env, ptr_mmu_idx, ptr, ptr_access,
+                                    ptr_size, tag_access, false, ra);
+}
+
 uint64_t HELPER(irg)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t rn, uint64_t rm)
 {
     uint16_t exclude = extract32(rm | env->cp15.gcr_el1, 0, 16);
@@ -275,7 +297,7 @@ uint64_t HELPER(ldg)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t xt)
 
     /* Trap if accessing an invalid page.  */
     mem = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, 1,
-                             MMU_DATA_LOAD, 1, GETPC());
+                             MMU_DATA_LOAD, GETPC());
 
     /* Load if page supports tags. */
     if (mem) {
@@ -329,7 +351,7 @@ static inline void do_stg(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t xt,
 
     /* Trap if accessing an invalid page.  */
     mem = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE, TAG_GRANULE,
-                             MMU_DATA_STORE, 1, ra);
+                             MMU_DATA_STORE, ra);
 
     /* Store if page supports tags. */
     if (mem) {
@@ -372,10 +394,10 @@ static inline void do_st2g(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t xt,
     if (ptr & TAG_GRANULE) {
         /* Two stores unaligned mod TAG_GRANULE*2 -- modify two bytes. */
         mem1 = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE,
-                                  TAG_GRANULE, MMU_DATA_STORE, 1, ra);
+                                  TAG_GRANULE, MMU_DATA_STORE, ra);
         mem2 = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr + TAG_GRANULE,
                                   MMU_DATA_STORE, TAG_GRANULE,
-                                  MMU_DATA_STORE, 1, ra);
+                                  MMU_DATA_STORE, ra);
 
         /* Store if page(s) support tags. */
         if (mem1) {
@@ -387,7 +409,7 @@ static inline void do_st2g(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t xt,
     } else {
         /* Two stores aligned mod TAG_GRANULE*2 -- modify one byte. */
         mem1 = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE,
-                                  2 * TAG_GRANULE, MMU_DATA_STORE, 1, ra);
+                                  2 * TAG_GRANULE, MMU_DATA_STORE, ra);
         if (mem1) {
             tag |= tag << 4;
             qatomic_set(mem1, tag);
@@ -435,8 +457,7 @@ uint64_t HELPER(ldgm)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr)
 
     /* Trap if accessing an invalid page.  */
     tag_mem = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_LOAD,
-                                 gm_bs_bytes, MMU_DATA_LOAD,
-                                 gm_bs_bytes / (2 * TAG_GRANULE), ra);
+                                 gm_bs_bytes, MMU_DATA_LOAD, ra);
 
     /* The tag is squashed to zero if the page does not support tags.  */
     if (!tag_mem) {
@@ -495,8 +516,7 @@ void HELPER(stgm)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t val)
 
     /* Trap if accessing an invalid page.  */
     tag_mem = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE,
-                                 gm_bs_bytes, MMU_DATA_LOAD,
-                                 gm_bs_bytes / (2 * TAG_GRANULE), ra);
+                                 gm_bs_bytes, MMU_DATA_LOAD, ra);
 
     /*
      * Tag store only happens if the page support tags,
@@ -552,7 +572,7 @@ void HELPER(stzgm_tags)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t val)
     ptr &= -dcz_bytes;
 
     mem = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE, dcz_bytes,
-                             MMU_DATA_STORE, tag_bytes, ra);
+                             MMU_DATA_STORE, ra);
     if (mem) {
         int tag_pair = (val & 0xf) * 0x11;
         memset(mem, tag_pair, tag_bytes);
@@ -597,8 +617,8 @@ static void mte_async_check_fail(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t dirty_ptr,
 }
 
 /* Record a tag check failure.  */
-static void mte_check_fail(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc,
-                           uint64_t dirty_ptr, uintptr_t ra)
+void mte_check_fail(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc,
+                    uint64_t dirty_ptr, uintptr_t ra)
 {
     int mmu_idx = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
     ARMMMUIdx arm_mmu_idx = core_to_aa64_mmu_idx(mmu_idx);
@@ -715,6 +735,55 @@ static int checkN(uint8_t *mem, int odd, int cmp, int count)
 }
 
 /**
+ * checkNrev:
+ * @tag: tag memory to test
+ * @odd: true to begin testing at tags at odd nibble
+ * @cmp: the tag to compare against
+ * @count: number of tags to test
+ *
+ * Return the number of successful tests.
+ * Thus a return value < @count indicates a failure.
+ *
+ * This is like checkN, but it runs backwards, checking the
+ * tags starting with @tag and then the tags preceding it.
+ * This is needed by the backwards-memory-copying operations.
+ */
+static int checkNrev(uint8_t *mem, int odd, int cmp, int count)
+{
+    int n = 0, diff;
+
+    /* Replicate the test tag and compare.  */
+    cmp *= 0x11;
+    diff = *mem-- ^ cmp;
+
+    if (!odd) {
+        goto start_even;
+    }
+
+    while (1) {
+        /* Test odd tag. */
+        if (unlikely((diff) & 0xf0)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (++n == count) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+    start_even:
+        /* Test even tag. */
+        if (unlikely((diff) & 0x0f)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (++n == count) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        diff = *mem-- ^ cmp;
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+
+/**
  * mte_probe_int() - helper for mte_probe and mte_check
  * @env: CPU environment
  * @desc: MTEDESC descriptor
@@ -732,8 +801,7 @@ static int mte_probe_int(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr,
     int mmu_idx, ptr_tag, bit55;
     uint64_t ptr_last, prev_page, next_page;
     uint64_t tag_first, tag_last;
-    uint64_t tag_byte_first, tag_byte_last;
-    uint32_t sizem1, tag_count, tag_size, n, c;
+    uint32_t sizem1, tag_count, n, c;
     uint8_t *mem1, *mem2;
     MMUAccessType type;
 
@@ -763,19 +831,14 @@ static int mte_probe_int(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr,
     tag_last = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr_last, TAG_GRANULE);
     tag_count = ((tag_last - tag_first) / TAG_GRANULE) + 1;
 
-    /* Round the bounds to twice the tag granule, and compute the bytes. */
-    tag_byte_first = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr, 2 * TAG_GRANULE);
-    tag_byte_last = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr_last, 2 * TAG_GRANULE);
-
     /* Locate the page boundaries. */
     prev_page = ptr & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     next_page = prev_page + TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
 
     if (likely(tag_last - prev_page < TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)) {
         /* Memory access stays on one page. */
-        tag_size = ((tag_byte_last - tag_byte_first) / (2 * TAG_GRANULE)) + 1;
         mem1 = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, type, sizem1 + 1,
-                                  MMU_DATA_LOAD, tag_size, ra);
+                                  MMU_DATA_LOAD, ra);
         if (!mem1) {
             return 1;
         }
@@ -783,14 +846,12 @@ static int mte_probe_int(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr,
         n = checkN(mem1, ptr & TAG_GRANULE, ptr_tag, tag_count);
     } else {
         /* Memory access crosses to next page. */
-        tag_size = (next_page - tag_byte_first) / (2 * TAG_GRANULE);
         mem1 = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, ptr, type, next_page - ptr,
-                                  MMU_DATA_LOAD, tag_size, ra);
+                                  MMU_DATA_LOAD, ra);
 
-        tag_size = ((tag_byte_last - next_page) / (2 * TAG_GRANULE)) + 1;
         mem2 = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, next_page, type,
                                   ptr_last - next_page + 1,
-                                  MMU_DATA_LOAD, tag_size, ra);
+                                  MMU_DATA_LOAD, ra);
 
         /*
          * Perform all of the comparisons.
@@ -918,7 +979,7 @@ uint64_t HELPER(mte_check_zva)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr)
     mmu_idx = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
     (void) probe_write(env, ptr, 1, mmu_idx, ra);
     mem = allocation_tag_mem(env, mmu_idx, align_ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE,
-                             dcz_bytes, MMU_DATA_LOAD, tag_bytes, ra);
+                             dcz_bytes, MMU_DATA_LOAD, ra);
     if (!mem) {
         goto done;
     }
@@ -979,3 +1040,143 @@ uint64_t HELPER(mte_check_zva)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t desc, uint64_t ptr)
  done:
     return useronly_clean_ptr(ptr);
 }
+
+uint64_t mte_mops_probe(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t size,
+                        uint32_t desc)
+{
+    int mmu_idx, tag_count;
+    uint64_t ptr_tag, tag_first, tag_last;
+    void *mem;
+    bool w = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, WRITE);
+    uint32_t n;
+
+    mmu_idx = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    /* True probe; this will never fault */
+    mem = allocation_tag_mem_probe(env, mmu_idx, ptr,
+                                   w ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD,
+                                   size, MMU_DATA_LOAD, true, 0);
+    if (!mem) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * TODO: checkN() is not designed for checks of the size we expect
+     * for FEAT_MOPS operations, so we should implement this differently.
+     * Maybe we should do something like
+     *   if (region start and size are aligned nicely) {
+     *      do direct loads of 64 tag bits at a time;
+     *   } else {
+     *      call checkN()
+     *   }
+     */
+    /* Round the bounds to the tag granule, and compute the number of tags. */
+    ptr_tag = allocation_tag_from_addr(ptr);
+    tag_first = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr, TAG_GRANULE);
+    tag_last = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr + size - 1, TAG_GRANULE);
+    tag_count = ((tag_last - tag_first) / TAG_GRANULE) + 1;
+    n = checkN(mem, ptr & TAG_GRANULE, ptr_tag, tag_count);
+    if (likely(n == tag_count)) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Failure; for the first granule, it's at @ptr. Otherwise
+     * it's at the first byte of the nth granule. Calculate how
+     * many bytes we can access without hitting that failure.
+     */
+    if (n == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return n * TAG_GRANULE - (ptr - tag_first);
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t mte_mops_probe_rev(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t size,
+                            uint32_t desc)
+{
+    int mmu_idx, tag_count;
+    uint64_t ptr_tag, tag_first, tag_last;
+    void *mem;
+    bool w = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, WRITE);
+    uint32_t n;
+
+    mmu_idx = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    /* True probe; this will never fault */
+    mem = allocation_tag_mem_probe(env, mmu_idx, ptr,
+                                   w ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD,
+                                   size, MMU_DATA_LOAD, true, 0);
+    if (!mem) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * TODO: checkNrev() is not designed for checks of the size we expect
+     * for FEAT_MOPS operations, so we should implement this differently.
+     * Maybe we should do something like
+     *   if (region start and size are aligned nicely) {
+     *      do direct loads of 64 tag bits at a time;
+     *   } else {
+     *      call checkN()
+     *   }
+     */
+    /* Round the bounds to the tag granule, and compute the number of tags. */
+    ptr_tag = allocation_tag_from_addr(ptr);
+    tag_first = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr - (size - 1), TAG_GRANULE);
+    tag_last = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(ptr, TAG_GRANULE);
+    tag_count = ((tag_last - tag_first) / TAG_GRANULE) + 1;
+    n = checkNrev(mem, ptr & TAG_GRANULE, ptr_tag, tag_count);
+    if (likely(n == tag_count)) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Failure; for the first granule, it's at @ptr. Otherwise
+     * it's at the last byte of the nth granule. Calculate how
+     * many bytes we can access without hitting that failure.
+     */
+    if (n == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return (n - 1) * TAG_GRANULE + ((ptr + 1) - tag_last);
+    }
+}
+
+void mte_mops_set_tags(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t ptr, uint64_t size,
+                       uint32_t desc)
+{
+    int mmu_idx, tag_count;
+    uint64_t ptr_tag;
+    void *mem;
+
+    if (!desc) {
+        /* Tags not actually enabled */
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mmu_idx = FIELD_EX32(desc, MTEDESC, MIDX);
+    /* True probe: this will never fault */
+    mem = allocation_tag_mem_probe(env, mmu_idx, ptr, MMU_DATA_STORE, size,
+                                   MMU_DATA_STORE, true, 0);
+    if (!mem) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We know that ptr and size are both TAG_GRANULE aligned; store
+     * the tag from the pointer value into the tag memory.
+     */
+    ptr_tag = allocation_tag_from_addr(ptr);
+    tag_count = size / TAG_GRANULE;
+    if (ptr & TAG_GRANULE) {
+        /* Not 2*TAG_GRANULE-aligned: store tag to first nibble */
+        store_tag1_parallel(TAG_GRANULE, mem, ptr_tag);
+        mem++;
+        tag_count--;
+    }
+    memset(mem, ptr_tag | (ptr_tag << 4), tag_count / 2);
+    if (tag_count & 1) {
+        /* Final trailing unaligned nibble */
+        mem += tag_count / 2;
+        store_tag1_parallel(0, mem, ptr_tag);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/translate-a64.c b/target/arm/tcg/translate-a64.c
index 1b6fbb6..97f25b4 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/translate-a64.c
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/translate-a64.c
@@ -105,9 +105,17 @@ void a64_translate_init(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * Return the core mmu_idx to use for A64 "unprivileged load/store" insns
+ * Return the core mmu_idx to use for A64 load/store insns which
+ * have a "unprivileged load/store" variant. Those insns access
+ * EL0 if executed from an EL which has control over EL0 (usually
+ * EL1) but behave like normal loads and stores if executed from
+ * elsewhere (eg EL3).
+ *
+ * @unpriv : true for the unprivileged encoding; false for the
+ *           normal encoding (in which case we will return the same
+ *           thing as get_mem_index().
  */
-static int get_a64_user_mem_index(DisasContext *s)
+static int get_a64_user_mem_index(DisasContext *s, bool unpriv)
 {
     /*
      * If AccType_UNPRIV is not used, the insn uses AccType_NORMAL,
@@ -115,7 +123,7 @@ static int get_a64_user_mem_index(DisasContext *s)
      */
     ARMMMUIdx useridx = s->mmu_idx;
 
-    if (s->unpriv) {
+    if (unpriv && s->unpriv) {
         /*
          * We have pre-computed the condition for AccType_UNPRIV.
          * Therefore we should never get here with a mmu_idx for
@@ -1453,6 +1461,10 @@ static bool trans_TBZ(DisasContext *s, arg_tbz *a)
 
 static bool trans_B_cond(DisasContext *s, arg_B_cond *a)
 {
+    /* BC.cond is only present with FEAT_HBC */
+    if (a->c && !dc_isar_feature(aa64_hbc, s)) {
+        return false;
+    }
     reset_btype(s);
     if (a->cond < 0x0e) {
         /* genuinely conditional branches */
@@ -2260,7 +2272,7 @@ static void handle_sys(DisasContext *s, bool isread,
             clean_addr = clean_data_tbi(s, tcg_rt);
             gen_probe_access(s, clean_addr, MMU_DATA_STORE, MO_8);
 
-            if (s->ata) {
+            if (s->ata[0]) {
                 /* Extract the tag from the register to match STZGM.  */
                 tag = tcg_temp_new_i64();
                 tcg_gen_shri_i64(tag, tcg_rt, 56);
@@ -2277,7 +2289,7 @@ static void handle_sys(DisasContext *s, bool isread,
             clean_addr = clean_data_tbi(s, tcg_rt);
             gen_helper_dc_zva(cpu_env, clean_addr);
 
-            if (s->ata) {
+            if (s->ata[0]) {
                 /* Extract the tag from the register to match STZGM.  */
                 tag = tcg_temp_new_i64();
                 tcg_gen_shri_i64(tag, tcg_rt, 56);
@@ -3058,7 +3070,7 @@ static bool trans_STGP(DisasContext *s, arg_ldstpair *a)
     tcg_gen_qemu_st_i128(tmp, clean_addr, get_mem_index(s), mop);
 
     /* Perform the tag store, if tag access enabled. */
-    if (s->ata) {
+    if (s->ata[0]) {
         if (tb_cflags(s->base.tb) & CF_PARALLEL) {
             gen_helper_stg_parallel(cpu_env, dirty_addr, dirty_addr);
         } else {
@@ -3084,7 +3096,7 @@ static void op_addr_ldst_imm_pre(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_imm *a,
     if (!a->p) {
         tcg_gen_addi_i64(*dirty_addr, *dirty_addr, offset);
     }
-    memidx = a->unpriv ? get_a64_user_mem_index(s) : get_mem_index(s);
+    memidx = get_a64_user_mem_index(s, a->unpriv);
     *clean_addr = gen_mte_check1_mmuidx(s, *dirty_addr, is_store,
                                         a->w || a->rn != 31,
                                         mop, a->unpriv, memidx);
@@ -3105,7 +3117,7 @@ static bool trans_STR_i(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_imm *a)
 {
     bool iss_sf, iss_valid = !a->w;
     TCGv_i64 clean_addr, dirty_addr, tcg_rt;
-    int memidx = a->unpriv ? get_a64_user_mem_index(s) : get_mem_index(s);
+    int memidx = get_a64_user_mem_index(s, a->unpriv);
     MemOp mop = finalize_memop(s, a->sz + a->sign * MO_SIGN);
 
     op_addr_ldst_imm_pre(s, a, &clean_addr, &dirty_addr, a->imm, true, mop);
@@ -3123,7 +3135,7 @@ static bool trans_LDR_i(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_imm *a)
 {
     bool iss_sf, iss_valid = !a->w;
     TCGv_i64 clean_addr, dirty_addr, tcg_rt;
-    int memidx = a->unpriv ? get_a64_user_mem_index(s) : get_mem_index(s);
+    int memidx = get_a64_user_mem_index(s, a->unpriv);
     MemOp mop = finalize_memop(s, a->sz + a->sign * MO_SIGN);
 
     op_addr_ldst_imm_pre(s, a, &clean_addr, &dirty_addr, a->imm, false, mop);
@@ -3756,7 +3768,7 @@ static bool trans_STZGM(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_tag *a)
     tcg_gen_addi_i64(addr, addr, a->imm);
     tcg_rt = cpu_reg(s, a->rt);
 
-    if (s->ata) {
+    if (s->ata[0]) {
         gen_helper_stzgm_tags(cpu_env, addr, tcg_rt);
     }
     /*
@@ -3788,7 +3800,7 @@ static bool trans_STGM(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_tag *a)
     tcg_gen_addi_i64(addr, addr, a->imm);
     tcg_rt = cpu_reg(s, a->rt);
 
-    if (s->ata) {
+    if (s->ata[0]) {
         gen_helper_stgm(cpu_env, addr, tcg_rt);
     } else {
         MMUAccessType acc = MMU_DATA_STORE;
@@ -3820,7 +3832,7 @@ static bool trans_LDGM(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_tag *a)
     tcg_gen_addi_i64(addr, addr, a->imm);
     tcg_rt = cpu_reg(s, a->rt);
 
-    if (s->ata) {
+    if (s->ata[0]) {
         gen_helper_ldgm(tcg_rt, cpu_env, addr);
     } else {
         MMUAccessType acc = MMU_DATA_LOAD;
@@ -3855,7 +3867,7 @@ static bool trans_LDG(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_tag *a)
 
     tcg_gen_andi_i64(addr, addr, -TAG_GRANULE);
     tcg_rt = cpu_reg(s, a->rt);
-    if (s->ata) {
+    if (s->ata[0]) {
         gen_helper_ldg(tcg_rt, cpu_env, addr, tcg_rt);
     } else {
         /*
@@ -3892,7 +3904,7 @@ static bool do_STG(DisasContext *s, arg_ldst_tag *a, bool is_zero, bool is_pair)
         tcg_gen_addi_i64(addr, addr, a->imm);
     }
     tcg_rt = cpu_reg_sp(s, a->rt);
-    if (!s->ata) {
+    if (!s->ata[0]) {
         /*
          * For STG and ST2G, we need to check alignment and probe memory.
          * TODO: For STZG and STZ2G, we could rely on the stores below,
@@ -3950,6 +3962,123 @@ TRANS_FEAT(STZG, aa64_mte_insn_reg, do_STG, a, true, false)
 TRANS_FEAT(ST2G, aa64_mte_insn_reg, do_STG, a, false, true)
 TRANS_FEAT(STZ2G, aa64_mte_insn_reg, do_STG, a, true, true)
 
+typedef void SetFn(TCGv_env, TCGv_i32, TCGv_i32);
+
+static bool do_SET(DisasContext *s, arg_set *a, bool is_epilogue,
+                   bool is_setg, SetFn fn)
+{
+    int memidx;
+    uint32_t syndrome, desc = 0;
+
+    if (is_setg && !dc_isar_feature(aa64_mte, s)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * UNPREDICTABLE cases: we choose to UNDEF, which allows
+     * us to pull this check before the CheckMOPSEnabled() test
+     * (which we do in the helper function)
+     */
+    if (a->rs == a->rn || a->rs == a->rd || a->rn == a->rd ||
+        a->rd == 31 || a->rn == 31) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    memidx = get_a64_user_mem_index(s, a->unpriv);
+
+    /*
+     * We pass option_a == true, matching our implementation;
+     * we pass wrong_option == false: helper function may set that bit.
+     */
+    syndrome = syn_mop(true, is_setg, (a->nontemp << 1) | a->unpriv,
+                       is_epilogue, false, true, a->rd, a->rs, a->rn);
+
+    if (is_setg ? s->ata[a->unpriv] : s->mte_active[a->unpriv]) {
+        /* We may need to do MTE tag checking, so assemble the descriptor */
+        desc = FIELD_DP32(desc, MTEDESC, TBI, s->tbid);
+        desc = FIELD_DP32(desc, MTEDESC, TCMA, s->tcma);
+        desc = FIELD_DP32(desc, MTEDESC, WRITE, true);
+        /* SIZEM1 and ALIGN we leave 0 (byte write) */
+    }
+    /* The helper function always needs the memidx even with MTE disabled */
+    desc = FIELD_DP32(desc, MTEDESC, MIDX, memidx);
+
+    /*
+     * The helper needs the register numbers, but since they're in
+     * the syndrome anyway, we let it extract them from there rather
+     * than passing in an extra three integer arguments.
+     */
+    fn(cpu_env, tcg_constant_i32(syndrome), tcg_constant_i32(desc));
+    return true;
+}
+
+TRANS_FEAT(SETP, aa64_mops, do_SET, a, false, false, gen_helper_setp)
+TRANS_FEAT(SETM, aa64_mops, do_SET, a, false, false, gen_helper_setm)
+TRANS_FEAT(SETE, aa64_mops, do_SET, a, true, false, gen_helper_sete)
+TRANS_FEAT(SETGP, aa64_mops, do_SET, a, false, true, gen_helper_setgp)
+TRANS_FEAT(SETGM, aa64_mops, do_SET, a, false, true, gen_helper_setgm)
+TRANS_FEAT(SETGE, aa64_mops, do_SET, a, true, true, gen_helper_setge)
+
+typedef void CpyFn(TCGv_env, TCGv_i32, TCGv_i32, TCGv_i32);
+
+static bool do_CPY(DisasContext *s, arg_cpy *a, bool is_epilogue, CpyFn fn)
+{
+    int rmemidx, wmemidx;
+    uint32_t syndrome, rdesc = 0, wdesc = 0;
+    bool wunpriv = extract32(a->options, 0, 1);
+    bool runpriv = extract32(a->options, 1, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * UNPREDICTABLE cases: we choose to UNDEF, which allows
+     * us to pull this check before the CheckMOPSEnabled() test
+     * (which we do in the helper function)
+     */
+    if (a->rs == a->rn || a->rs == a->rd || a->rn == a->rd ||
+        a->rd == 31 || a->rs == 31 || a->rn == 31) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    rmemidx = get_a64_user_mem_index(s, runpriv);
+    wmemidx = get_a64_user_mem_index(s, wunpriv);
+
+    /*
+     * We pass option_a == true, matching our implementation;
+     * we pass wrong_option == false: helper function may set that bit.
+     */
+    syndrome = syn_mop(false, false, a->options, is_epilogue,
+                       false, true, a->rd, a->rs, a->rn);
+
+    /* If we need to do MTE tag checking, assemble the descriptors */
+    if (s->mte_active[runpriv]) {
+        rdesc = FIELD_DP32(rdesc, MTEDESC, TBI, s->tbid);
+        rdesc = FIELD_DP32(rdesc, MTEDESC, TCMA, s->tcma);
+    }
+    if (s->mte_active[wunpriv]) {
+        wdesc = FIELD_DP32(wdesc, MTEDESC, TBI, s->tbid);
+        wdesc = FIELD_DP32(wdesc, MTEDESC, TCMA, s->tcma);
+        wdesc = FIELD_DP32(wdesc, MTEDESC, WRITE, true);
+    }
+    /* The helper function needs these parts of the descriptor regardless */
+    rdesc = FIELD_DP32(rdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX, rmemidx);
+    wdesc = FIELD_DP32(wdesc, MTEDESC, MIDX, wmemidx);
+
+    /*
+     * The helper needs the register numbers, but since they're in
+     * the syndrome anyway, we let it extract them from there rather
+     * than passing in an extra three integer arguments.
+     */
+    fn(cpu_env, tcg_constant_i32(syndrome), tcg_constant_i32(wdesc),
+       tcg_constant_i32(rdesc));
+    return true;
+}
+
+TRANS_FEAT(CPYP, aa64_mops, do_CPY, a, false, gen_helper_cpyp)
+TRANS_FEAT(CPYM, aa64_mops, do_CPY, a, false, gen_helper_cpym)
+TRANS_FEAT(CPYE, aa64_mops, do_CPY, a, true, gen_helper_cpye)
+TRANS_FEAT(CPYFP, aa64_mops, do_CPY, a, false, gen_helper_cpyfp)
+TRANS_FEAT(CPYFM, aa64_mops, do_CPY, a, false, gen_helper_cpyfm)
+TRANS_FEAT(CPYFE, aa64_mops, do_CPY, a, true, gen_helper_cpyfe)
+
 typedef void ArithTwoOp(TCGv_i64, TCGv_i64, TCGv_i64);
 
 static bool gen_rri(DisasContext *s, arg_rri_sf *a,
@@ -4012,7 +4141,7 @@ static bool gen_add_sub_imm_with_tags(DisasContext *s, arg_rri_tag *a,
     tcg_rn = cpu_reg_sp(s, a->rn);
     tcg_rd = cpu_reg_sp(s, a->rd);
 
-    if (s->ata) {
+    if (s->ata[0]) {
         gen_helper_addsubg(tcg_rd, cpu_env, tcg_rn,
                            tcg_constant_i32(imm),
                            tcg_constant_i32(a->uimm4));
@@ -5399,7 +5528,7 @@ static void disas_data_proc_2src(DisasContext *s, uint32_t insn)
         if (sf == 0 || !dc_isar_feature(aa64_mte_insn_reg, s)) {
             goto do_unallocated;
         }
-        if (s->ata) {
+        if (s->ata[0]) {
             gen_helper_irg(cpu_reg_sp(s, rd), cpu_env,
                            cpu_reg_sp(s, rn), cpu_reg(s, rm));
         } else {
@@ -13890,7 +14019,8 @@ static void aarch64_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase,
     dc->bt = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, BT);
     dc->btype = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, BTYPE);
     dc->unpriv = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, UNPRIV);
-    dc->ata = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, ATA);
+    dc->ata[0] = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, ATA);
+    dc->ata[1] = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, ATA0);
     dc->mte_active[0] = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, MTE_ACTIVE);
     dc->mte_active[1] = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, MTE0_ACTIVE);
     dc->pstate_sm = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, PSTATE_SM);
diff --git a/target/arm/tcg/translate.h b/target/arm/tcg/translate.h
index f748ba6..63922f8 100644
--- a/target/arm/tcg/translate.h
+++ b/target/arm/tcg/translate.h
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ typedef struct DisasContext {
     bool unpriv;
     /* True if v8.3-PAuth is active.  */
     bool pauth_active;
-    /* True if v8.5-MTE access to tags is enabled.  */
-    bool ata;
+    /* True if v8.5-MTE access to tags is enabled; index with is_unpriv.  */
+    bool ata[2];
     /* True if v8.5-MTE tag checks affect the PE; index with is_unpriv.  */
     bool mte_active[2];
     /* True with v8.5-BTI and SCTLR_ELx.BT* set.  */
diff --git a/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c b/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c
index 239f6e4..80cd8d7 100644
--- a/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c
+++ b/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
  *
  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ *  The semihosting protocol implemented here is described in the
+ *  libgloss sources:
+ *  https://sourceware.org/git/?p=newlib-cygwin.git;a=blob;f=libgloss/m68k/m68k-semi.txt;hb=HEAD
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"