a/an usage.  Thanks @KenanSulayman

Also, describe more details of bind().

In this situation:

    writable.on('error', handler);
    readable.pipe(writable);
    writable.removeListener('error', handler);
    writable.emit('error', new Error('boom'));

there is actually no error handler, but it doesn't throw, because of the
fix for stream.once('error', handler), in 23d92ec8.

Note that simply reverting that change is not valid either, because
otherwise this will emit twice, being handled the first time, and then
throwing the second:

    writable.once('error', handler);
    readable.pipe(writable);
    writable.emit('error', new Error('boom'));

Fix this with a horrible hack to make the stream pipe onerror handler
added before any other userland handlers, so that our handler is not
affected by adding or removing any userland handlers.

Closes #6007.

Add range checks for the offset, length and port arguments to
dgram.Socket#send().  Fixes the following assertion:

    node: ../../src/udp_wrap.cc:264: static v8::Handle<v8::Value>
    node::UDPWrap::DoSend(const v8::Arguments&, int): Assertion
    `offset < Buffer::Length(buffer_obj)' failed.

And:

    node: ../../src/udp_wrap.cc:265: static v8::Handle<v8::Value>
    node::UDPWrap::DoSend(const v8::Arguments&, int): Assertion
    `length <= Buffer::Length(buffer_obj) - offset' failed.

Interestingly enough, a negative port number was accepted until now but
silently ignored.  (In other words, it would send the datagram to a
random port.)

This commit exposed a bug in the simple/test-dgram-close test which
has also been fixed.

This is a back-port of commit 41ec6d05 from the master branch.

Fixes #6025.

On windows, libuv will immediately make a `ReadConsole` call (in the
thread pool) when a 'flowing' `uv_tty_t` handle is switched to
line-buffered mode. That causes an immediate issue for some users,
since libuv can't cancel the `ReadConsole` operation on Windows 8 /
Server 2012 and up if the program switches back to raw mode later.

But even if this will be fixed in libuv at some point, it's better to
avoid the overhead of starting work in the thread pool and immediately
cancelling it afther that.

See also f34f1e30, where the same change is made for the opposite
flow, e.g. move `resume()` after `_setRawMode(true)`.

Fixes #5927

This is a backport of dfb0461c (see #5930) to the v0.10 branch.

* v8: back-port fix for CVE-2013-2882

* npm: Upgrade to 1.3.8

* crypto: fix assert() on malformed hex input (Ben Noordhuis)

* crypto: fix memory leak in randomBytes() error path (Ben Noordhuis)

* events: fix memory leak, don't leak event names (Ben Noordhuis)

* http: Handle hex/base64 encodings properly (isaacs)

* http: improve chunked res.write(buf) performance (Ben Noordhuis)

* stream: Fix double pipe error emit (Eran Hammer)

This is the conceptual back-port of commit ec548734 from the master
branch.

This is a backport of 6d3d60aced39d59eaa5e705b7d822c227d0d3dae for
v0.10.

If an error listener is added to a stream using once() before it is
piped, it is invoked and removed during pipe() but before pipe() sees it
which causes it to be emitted again.

Fixes #4155 #4978

Quoting the CVE:

    Google V8, as used in Google Chrome before 28.0.1500.95, allows
    remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have
    unspecified other impact via vectors that leverage "type confusion."

Likely has zero impact on node.js because it only runs local, trusted
code but let's apply it anyway.

This is a back-port of upstream commit r15665. Original commit log:

    Use internal array as API function cache.

    R=yangguo@chromium.org
    BUG=chromium:260106
    TEST=cctest/test-api/Regress260106

    Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/19159003

Fixes #5973.

Adds the documentation requested in #5017.

Flags and modes aren't the same, symlinks are followed in all of the
path but the last component, docs should say something about what the
mode argument is for and when its used, fs.openSync should point to the
function that contains the docs for its args, as fs.writeSync does.

Run the garbage collector before running the actual test. It doesn't
matter now but if in the future something in node.js core creates a lot
of reclaimable garbage, that will break the test's expectation.

* Run the garbage collector before creating the big array. It doesn't
  matter now but if in the future something in node.js core creates
  a lot of reclaimable garbage, that will break the test's expectation.

* The first RSS check was being done too late. The garbage collector
  might have run before the check, throwing off the 'reclaimed memory'
  calculation.

* Due to changes in how V8 represents the big array internally, the
  actual memory usage is just below 256 MB on x64. Update the test's
  expectation.

Before this commit, events were set to undefined rather than deleted
from the EventEmitter's backing dictionary for performance reasons:
`delete obj.key` causes a transition of the dictionary's hidden class
and that can be costly.

Unfortunately, that introduces a memory leak when many events are added
and then removed again. The strings containing the event names are never
reclaimed by the garbage collector because they remain part of the
dictionary.

That's why this commit makes EventEmitter delete events again. This
effectively reverts commit 0397223a.

Fixes #5970.

Avoid a costly buffer-to-string operation. Instead, allocate a new
buffer, copy the chunk header and data into it and send that.

The speed difference is negligible on small payloads but it really
shines with larger (10+ kB) chunks. benchmark/http/end-vs-write-end
with 64 kB chunks gives 45-50% higher throughput. With 1 MB chunks,
the difference is a staggering 590%.

Of course, YMMV will vary with real workloads and networks but this
commit should have a positive impact on CPU and memory consumption.

Big kudos to Wyatt Preul (@wpreul) for reporting the issue and providing
the initial patch.

Fixes #5941 and #5944.

Use the StringBytes::IsValidString() function introduced in commit
dce26cce to ensure that the input string meets the expectations of the
other StringBytes functions before processing it further.

Fixes the following assertion:

    Assertion failed: (str->Length() % 2 == 0 && "invalid hex string
    length"), function StorageSize, file ../../src/string_bytes.cc,
    line 301.

Fixes #5725.

Performs a quick, non-exhaustive check on the input string to see if
it's compatible with the specified string encoding.

Curently it only checks that hex strings have a length that is a
multiple of two.

The title shouldn't be too long; libuv's uv_set_process_title() out of
security considerations no longer overwrites envp, only argv, so the
maximum title length is possibly quite short.

Fixes #5908.

* src: fix process.getuid() return value (Ben Noordhuis)

And process.getgid() too.

Commit ed806385 changed fs.chown() and fs.fchown() to only accept
unsigned integers. Make process.getuid() and process.getgid() follow
suit.

This commit should unbreak npm on OS X - it's hitting the new 'uid must
be an unsigned int' check when installing as e.g. user 'nobody' (which
has an UID of -2 in /etc/passwd or 4294967294 when cast to an uid_t.)

Fixes #5904.