test: fix flaky async-hooks/test-callback-error

Remove an unnecessary timeout.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/15985

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22655


Reviewed-By: Denys Otrishko <shishugi@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: George Adams <george.adams@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>