lib: add option to disable __proto__

Adds `--disable-proto` CLI option which can be set to `delete` or
`throw`.

Fixes #31951

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32279


Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Bradley Farias <bradley.meck@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Chengzhong Wu <legendecas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Vladimir de Turckheim <vlad2t@hotmail.com>