build: store cache on timed out builds on Travis

Building Node.js without a ccache cache takes longer than the 50 minute
Travis time limit for jobs for public repositories. To mitigate this we
added a job to compile V8 on the basis that in the worst case it would
complete within 50 minutes and provide a cache that could be used by a
restarted `Compile Node.js` job.

Recent PRs have exceeded the 50 minute time limit for the `Compile V8`
job. When Travis times out a build the cache is not stored.

This commit drops the `Compile V8` job and adds a manual timeout to the
`Compile Node.js` job which will allow the cache to be stored and used
in restarts of the job.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30469


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Denys Otrishko <shishugi@gmail.com>