test: use assert.rejects

This verifies that the test actually rejects at this point by using
`assert.rejects` instead of `try / catch`.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27123


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Yuta Hiroto <hello@hiroppy.me>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>