Make ValueObjectPrinter's handling of its ValueObject pointers more principled (NFC) (#81314)

I get a small but fairly steady stream of crash reports which I can only
explain by ValueObjectPrinter trying to access its m_valobj field, and
finding it NULL. I have never been able to reproduce any of these, and
the reports show a state too long after the fact to know what went
wrong.

I've read through this section of lldb a bunch of times trying to figure
out how this could happen, but haven't ever found anything actually
wrong that could cause this. OTOH, ValueObjectPrinter is somewhat sloppy
about how it handles the ValueObject it is printing.

a) lldb allows you to make a ValueObjectPrinter with a Null incoming
ValueObject. However, there's no affordance to set the ValueObject in
the Printer after the fact, and it doesn't really make sense to do that.
So I change the ValueObjectPrinter API's to take a ValueObject
reference, rather than a pointer. All the places that make
ValueObjectPrinter...