[AsmPrinter][DebugInfo] Create EntryValue mode for DbgVariable

With D149881, we converted EntryValue MachineFunction table entries into
`DbgVariables` initialized by a "DbgValue" intrinsic, which can only handle a
single, non-fragment DIExpression. However, it is desirable to handle variables
with multiple fragments and DIExpressions.

To do this, we expand the `DbgVariable` class to handle the EntryValue case.
This class can already operate under three different "modes" (stack slot,
unchanging location described by a dbg value, changing location described by a
loc list). A fourth case is added as a separate class entirely, but a subsequent
patch should redesign `DbgVariable` with four subclasses in order to make the
code more readable.

This patch also exposed a bug in the `beginEntryValueExpression` function, which
was not initializing the `LocationFlags` properly. Note how the
`finalizeEntryValue` function resets that flag. We fix this bug here, as testing
this changing in isolation would be tricky.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D158458