[mlir][sparse] Moving <P,I,V>-invariant parts of SparseTensorStorage to base

This reorganization helps to clean up the changes needed for D122060.

Work towards fixing: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/51652

Depends On D122625

Reviewed By: aartbik

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D122928