[clang][CodeGen][UBSan] Fixing shift-exponent generation for _BitInt (#80515)

Testing the shift-exponent check with small width _BitInt values exposed
a bug in ScalarExprEmitter::GetWidthMinusOneValue when using the result
to determine valid exponent sizes. False positives were reported for
some left shifts when width(LHS)-1 > range(RHS) and false negatives were
reported for right shifts when value(RHS) > range(LHS). This patch caps
the maximum value of GetWidthMinusOneValue to fit within range(RHS) to
fix the issue with left shifts and fixes a code generation in EmitShr to
fix the issue with right shifts and renames the function to
GetMaximumShiftAmount to better reflect the new behaviour.

Fixes #80135.

Co-authored-by: Adam Magier <adam.magier@ericsson.com>