[InstallAPI] Add --extra* and --exclude* cli options for header input (#86522)

InstallAPI takes a json list of headers that is typically generated from
a build system like Xcode based on a project's attributes. Sometimes,
maintainers may want to alter this for tapi input. Using e.g.
`--extra-public-headers`, users can manipulate what headers will be used
for TBD file generation.