gpiolib: provide gpio_device_get_desc()

Getting the GPIO descriptor directly from the gpio_chip struct is
dangerous as we don't take the reference to the underlying GPIO device.
In order to start working towards removing gpiochip_get_desc(), let's
provide a safer variant that works with an existing reference to struct
gpio_device.

Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>