Fix #811

Fix #817

Should fix #812

fix compile error (platform.h:362: error: cast discards qualifiers from pointer target type)

Otherwise libraries will not be found at runtime when installing to a
path not included in the default runtime linker's path with programs
linking brotli configured via pkg-config.

EDK II windows build produces .obj files in source tree

 - fix formatting
 - fix type conversion
 - fix no-op arithmetic with null-pointer
 - improve performance of hash_longest_match64
 - go: detect read after close
 - java decoder: support compound dictionary
 - remove executable flag on non-scripts

Newer bazel does not support `maven_jar` rule anymore...

* Added go.mod file

* go.mod removed go version

* Add HAVE_LOG2 build macro

Fixes #781

* Rename macro to BROTLI_HAVE_LOG2 and move comment for visibility

These showed up in a Chromium audit:
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=747064#c8

Although already effectively const, adding "const" causes the symbols to
be moved into the read-only section of the binary.

Add an option to avoid building shared libraries (for building with EMCC)

Drive-by:
* maven: ramp up java level to minimal required
* travis: replace deprecated clang-5.0 with clang-7
* maven: fallback to jdk10 to void javadoc bug

* put LICENSE file into .jar
 * fix typo
 * add clarification comment in PY wrapper

Fixes #760

Drive-by:
 * update go_rules
 * modernize brotli_inc
 * fix wrapper build
 * update PY to 3 in Travis / OSX / Bazel build
 * upgrade JS Bazel rules.

 * fix executable mode of decode.js
 * explain clang-analyser about non-nullability
 * fix "dead assignment"
 * rename proguard.cfg -> proguard.pgcfg

Update:

 * Bazel: fix MSVC configuration
 * C: common: extended documentation and helpers around distance codes
 * C: common: enable BROTLI_DCHECK in "debug" builds
 * C: common: fix implicit trailing zero in `kPrefixSuffix`
 * C: dec: fix possible bit reader discharge for "large-window" mode
 * C: dec: simplify distance decoding via lookup table
 * C: dec: reuse decoder state members memory via union with lookup table
 * C: dec: add decoder state diagram
 * C: enc: clarify access to static dictionary
 * C: enc: improve static dictionary hash
 * C: enc: add "stream offset" parameter for parallel encoding
 * C: enc: reorganize hasher; now Q2-Q3 require exactly 256KiB
           to avoid global TCMalloc lock
 * C: enc: fix rare access to uninitialized data in ring-buffer
 * C: enc: reorganize logging / checks in `write_bits.h`
 * Java: dec: add "large-window" support
 * Java: dec: improve speed
 * Java: dec: debug and 32-bit mode are now activated via system properties
 * Java: dec: demystify some state variables (use better names)
 * Dictionary generator: add single input mode
 * Java: dec: modernize tests
 * Bazel: js: pick working commit for closure rules

* Ensure decompression consumes all input

If not, it's a corrupt stream.

* Use byte strings

* Verbose CLI + start pulling "Shared-Brotli"

 * vesbose CLI output; fix #666
 * pull `SHIFT` transforms; currently this is semantically dead code;
   later it will be used by "Shared-Brotli"

* Remove dependency to full JDK. This should speedup clean builds.

* Upgrade appveyor bazel

Make sure the travis CI aarch32 bot tests NEON, and also that running
CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf make enables the use of NEON to
accelerate the back-reference copying.

* Fix typo / minor formatting / pull computable constant to the place of use.

The macro that checks for NEON support should be __ARM_NEON, not
__ARM_NEON__. [1]

AArch64 compilers define __ARM_NEON but not __ARM_NEON__.
AArch32 compilers currently seem to define both, but could be within their
rights to drop __ARM_NEON__ in future versions.

This change moves the check into the common/platform.h file, checks for
both forms, and sets BROTLI_TARGET_NEON if NEON support is available.

[1] Section 6.5.4 of the ARM C Language Extensions.
    (At the time of writing, the latest version was Release 2.1.)

Window size is defined as:
    `(1 << BROTLI_PARAM_LGWIN) - 16`
in `c/include/brotli/encode.h`

Therefore we should probably take these 16 bytes into account.

Done basic manual testing:
$ python3 -c 'print ("A"*2046)' > t
$ bazel run -- //:brotli -w 0 -f -o $(realpath t).br $(realpath ./t)
$ python3 research/brotlidump.py t.br |& fgrep WSIZE
0000  c1                1000001 WSIZE   windowsize=(1<<12)-16=4080

New version properly detects window size of `4080`, while previous one used `2032`:
$ python3 research/brotlidump.py t.br |& fgrep WSIZE
0000  b1                0110001 WSIZE   windowsize=(1<<11)-16=2032

* platform: add macro for using the 'aligned' attribute

* decode: add accessor macros for HuffmanCode fields

Adds a constructor function for building HuffmanCode values
so they can be accessed quickly on different architectures.

Also adds macros for marking a HuffmanCode table pointer
that can be accessed quickly (BROTLI_HC_MARK_TABLE_FOR_FAST_LOAD),
adjusting the index into that table (BROTLI_HC_ADJUST_TABLE_INDEX),
and getting the .bits or .value fields out of the table at the
current index (BROTLI_HC_GET_BITS/VALUE).

For example, assuming |table| contains a HuffmanCode pointer:

  BROTLI_HC_MARK_TABLE_FOR_FAST_LOAD(table);
  BROTLI_HC_ADJUST_TABLE_INDEX(table, index_into_table);
  *bits = BROTLI_HC_GET_BITS(table);
  *value = BROTLI_HC_GET_VALUE(table);
  BROTLI_HC_ADJUST_TABLE_INDEX(table, offset);
  *bits2 = BROTLI_HC_GET_BITS(table);
  *value2 = BROTLI_HC_GET_VALUE(table);

All uses of the HuffmanCode have been updated appropriately.

* decode: add alternative accessors for HuffmanCode on Arm AArch32