.github/workflows/codeql.yml: Add CodeQL workflow

Adds a workflow to run CodeQL against all packages built in
.pytool/CISettings.py. The following is done:

1. Determine which packages to build against. Those that support
   are managed by .pytool/CISettings.py will be selected.

For each package:

2. Determine how to interact with the package. Such as whether
   `stuart_ci_setup` or `stuart_setup` should be used.
3. Perform supported Stuart steps for setup and update.
4. Discover the CodeQL plugin directory in the repo.
5. Attempt to load the CodeQL CLI specific to the host OS from a
   GitHub cache.
6. Perform the build.
7. Clean up some files after build to improve robustness.
8. Upload the CodeQL results (generated SARIF file) to GitHub Code
   Scanning. The results will be associated with the trigger of the
   workflow.

After each step that can upload logs such as the setup, update, and
build steps the logs are uploaded as an artifact to the workflow run.
This allows easy debugging in case there's an error in the step.

The SARIF file is also uploaded to the workflow run so it can be
downloaded and analyzed.

Cc: Sean Brogan <sean.brogan@microsoft.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kubacki <michael.kubacki@microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Sean Brogan <sean.brogan@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>

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