various manual conversion of percent-formatted strings to f-strings

14 files changed, 80 insertions, 90 deletions

diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py
index ba537b0..2ababd2 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ class NinjaBuildElement:
         use_rspfile = self._should_use_rspfile()
         if use_rspfile:
             rulename = self.rulename + '_RSP'
-            mlog.debug("Command line for building %s is long, using a response file" % self.outfilenames)
+            mlog.debug(f'Command line for building {self.outfilenames} is long, using a response file')
         else:
             rulename = self.rulename
         line = f'build {outs}{implicit_outs}: {rulename} {ins}'
diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
index e2f37c4..94e7bdd 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
                 for obj_id, objdep in self.get_obj_target_deps(target.objects):
                     all_deps[obj_id] = objdep
             else:
-                raise MesonException('Unknown target type for target %s' % target)
+                raise MesonException(f'Unknown target type for target {target}')
 
             for gendep in target.get_generated_sources():
                 if isinstance(gendep, build.CustomTarget):
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
             return 'c'
         if ext in compilers.cpp_suffixes:
             return 'cpp'
-        raise MesonException('Could not guess language from source file %s.' % src)
+        raise MesonException(f'Could not guess language from source file {src}.')
 
     def add_pch(self, pch_sources, lang, inc_cl):
         if lang in pch_sources:
@@ -684,13 +684,13 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
         # or be in the same directory as the PCH implementation.
         pch_file.text = header
         pch_out = ET.SubElement(inc_cl, 'PrecompiledHeaderOutputFile')
-        pch_out.text = '$(IntDir)$(TargetName)-%s.pch' % lang
+        pch_out.text = f'$(IntDir)$(TargetName)-{lang}.pch'
 
         # Need to set the name for the pdb, as cl otherwise gives it a static
         # name. Which leads to problems when there is more than one pch
         # (e.g. for different languages).
         pch_pdb = ET.SubElement(inc_cl, 'ProgramDataBaseFileName')
-        pch_pdb.text = '$(IntDir)$(TargetName)-%s.pdb' % lang
+        pch_pdb.text = f'$(IntDir)$(TargetName)-{lang}.pdb'
 
         return header
 
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
         replace_if_different(ofname, ofname_tmp)
 
     def gen_vcxproj(self, target, ofname, guid):
-        mlog.debug('Generating vcxproj %s.' % target.name)
+        mlog.debug(f'Generating vcxproj {target.name}.')
         subsystem = 'Windows'
         self.handled_target_deps[target.get_id()] = []
         if isinstance(target, build.Executable):
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
         elif isinstance(target, build.RunTarget):
             return self.gen_run_target_vcxproj(target, ofname, guid)
         else:
-            raise MesonException('Unknown target type for %s' % target.get_basename())
+            raise MesonException(f'Unknown target type for {target.get_basename()}')
         # Prefix to use to access the build root from the vcxproj dir
         down = self.target_to_build_root(target)
         # Prefix to use to access the source tree's root from the vcxproj dir
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
             additional_links.append('%(AdditionalDependencies)')
             ET.SubElement(link, 'AdditionalDependencies').text = ';'.join(additional_links)
         ofile = ET.SubElement(link, 'OutputFile')
-        ofile.text = '$(OutDir)%s' % target.get_filename()
+        ofile.text = f'$(OutDir){target.get_filename()}'
         subsys = ET.SubElement(link, 'SubSystem')
         subsys.text = subsystem
         if (isinstance(target, build.SharedLibrary) or isinstance(target, build.Executable)) and target.get_import_filename():
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
                 ET.SubElement(link, 'ModuleDefinitionFile').text = relpath
         if self.debug:
             pdb = ET.SubElement(link, 'ProgramDataBaseFileName')
-            pdb.text = '$(OutDir)%s.pdb' % target_name
+            pdb.text = f'$(OutDir){target_name}.pdb'
         targetmachine = ET.SubElement(link, 'TargetMachine')
         if target.for_machine is MachineChoice.BUILD:
             targetplatform = platform
@@ -1474,8 +1474,8 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
             message.text = msg
         if not verify_files:
             ET.SubElement(custombuild, 'VerifyInputsAndOutputsExist').text = 'false'
-        cmd_templ = '''setlocal
-%s
+        ET.SubElement(custombuild, 'Command').text = f'''setlocal
+{command}
 if %%errorlevel%% neq 0 goto :cmEnd
 :cmEnd
 endlocal & call :cmErrorLevel %%errorlevel%% & goto :cmDone
@@ -1483,7 +1483,6 @@ endlocal & call :cmErrorLevel %%errorlevel%% & goto :cmDone
 exit /b %%1
 :cmDone
 if %%errorlevel%% neq 0 goto :VCEnd'''
-        ET.SubElement(custombuild, 'Command').text = cmd_templ % command
         if not outputs:
             # Use a nonexistent file to always consider the target out-of-date.
             outputs = [self.nonexistent_file(os.path.join(self.environment.get_scratch_dir(),
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/cpp.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/cpp.py
index e575b82..50e91a3 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/cpp.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/cpp.py
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ class CcrxCPPCompiler(CcrxCompiler, CPPCompiler):
         return []
 
     def get_output_args(self, target: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return ['-output=obj=%s' % target]
+        return [f'-output=obj={target}']
 
     def get_option_link_args(self, options: 'KeyedOptionDictType') -> T.List[str]:
         return []
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ class C2000CPPCompiler(C2000Compiler, CPPCompiler):
         return []
 
     def get_output_args(self, target: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return ['-output=obj=%s' % target]
+        return [f'-output=obj={target}']
 
     def get_option_link_args(self, options: 'KeyedOptionDictType') -> T.List[str]:
         return []
diff --git a/mesonbuild/dependencies/detect.py b/mesonbuild/dependencies/detect.py
index e47c338..dd0b548 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/dependencies/detect.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/dependencies/detect.py
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ def find_external_dependency(name: str, env: 'Environment', kwargs: T.Dict[str,
 
         # we have a list of failed ExternalDependency objects, so we can report
         # the methods we tried to find the dependency
-        raise DependencyException('Dependency "%s" not found' % (name) +
-                                  (', tried %s' % (tried) if tried else ''))
+        raise DependencyException(f'Dependency "{name}" not found' +
+                                  (f', tried {tried}' if tried else ''))
 
     return NotFoundDependency(name, env)
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/dependencies/pkgconfig.py b/mesonbuild/dependencies/pkgconfig.py
index 26a77e3..8f4c639 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/dependencies/pkgconfig.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/dependencies/pkgconfig.py
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
         # Only search for pkg-config for each machine the first time and store
         # the result in the class definition
         if PkgConfigDependency.class_pkgbin[self.for_machine] is False:
-            mlog.debug('Pkg-config binary for %s is cached as not found.' % self.for_machine)
+            mlog.debug(f'Pkg-config binary for {self.for_machine} is cached as not found.')
         elif PkgConfigDependency.class_pkgbin[self.for_machine] is not None:
-            mlog.debug('Pkg-config binary for %s is cached.' % self.for_machine)
+            mlog.debug(f'Pkg-config binary for {self.for_machine} is cached.')
         else:
             assert PkgConfigDependency.class_pkgbin[self.for_machine] is None
-            mlog.debug('Pkg-config binary for %s is not cached.' % self.for_machine)
+            mlog.debug(f'Pkg-config binary for {self.for_machine} is not cached.')
             for potential_pkgbin in find_external_program(
                     self.env, self.for_machine, 'pkgconfig', 'Pkg-config',
                     environment.default_pkgconfig, allow_default_for_cross=False):
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
                     continue
                 if not self.silent:
                     mlog.log('Found pkg-config:', mlog.bold(potential_pkgbin.get_path()),
-                             '(%s)' % version_if_ok)
+                             f'({version_if_ok})')
                 PkgConfigDependency.class_pkgbin[self.for_machine] = potential_pkgbin
                 break
             else:
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
         self.pkgbin = PkgConfigDependency.class_pkgbin[self.for_machine]
         if self.pkgbin is False:
             self.pkgbin = None
-            msg = 'Pkg-config binary for machine %s not found. Giving up.' % self.for_machine
+            msg = f'Pkg-config binary for machine {self.for_machine} not found. Giving up.'
             if self.required:
                 raise DependencyException(msg)
             else:
@@ -202,8 +202,7 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
             env['PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_CFLAGS'] = '1'
         ret, out, err = self._call_pkgbin(['--cflags', self.name], env=env)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise DependencyException('Could not generate cargs for %s:\n%s\n' %
-                                      (self.name, err))
+            raise DependencyException(f'Could not generate cargs for {self.name}:\n{err}\n')
         self.compile_args = self._convert_mingw_paths(self._split_args(out))
 
     def _search_libs(self, out: str, out_raw: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.List[str]]:
@@ -342,9 +341,9 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
                     shared_lib = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(lib), ".libs", shared_libname)
 
                 if not os.path.exists(shared_lib):
-                    raise DependencyException('Got a libtools specific "%s" dependencies'
+                    raise DependencyException(f'Got a libtools specific "{lib}" dependencies'
                                               'but we could not compute the actual shared'
-                                              'library path' % lib)
+                                              'library path')
                 self.is_libtool = True
                 lib = shared_lib
                 if lib in link_args:
@@ -372,15 +371,13 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
         env['PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_LIBS'] = '1'
         ret, out, err = self._call_pkgbin(libcmd, env=env)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise DependencyException('Could not generate libs for %s:\n%s\n' %
-                                      (self.name, err))
+            raise DependencyException(f'Could not generate libs for {self.name}:\n{err}\n')
         # Also get the 'raw' output without -Lfoo system paths for adding -L
         # args with -lfoo when a library can't be found, and also in
         # gnome.generate_gir + gnome.gtkdoc which need -L -l arguments.
         ret, out_raw, err_raw = self._call_pkgbin(libcmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise DependencyException('Could not generate libs for %s:\n\n%s' %
-                                      (self.name, out_raw))
+            raise DependencyException(f'Could not generate libs for {self.name}:\n\n{out_raw}')
         self.link_args, self.raw_link_args = self._search_libs(out, out_raw)
 
     def get_pkgconfig_variable(self, variable_name: str, kwargs: T.Dict[str, T.Union[str, T.List[str]]]) -> str:
@@ -400,8 +397,7 @@ class PkgConfigDependency(ExternalDependency):
         variable = ''
         if ret != 0:
             if self.required:
-                raise DependencyException('dependency %s not found:\n%s\n' %
-                                          (self.name, err))
+                raise DependencyException(f'dependency {self.name} not found:\n{err}\n')
         else:
             variable = out.strip()
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/dependencies/qt.py b/mesonbuild/dependencies/qt.py
index 699f912..9dc928c 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/dependencies/qt.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/dependencies/qt.py
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ class Qt4PkgConfigDependency(QtPkgConfigDependency):
         applications = ['moc', 'uic', 'rcc', 'lupdate', 'lrelease']
         for application in applications:
             try:
-                return os.path.dirname(core.get_pkgconfig_variable('%s_location' % application, {}))
+                return os.path.dirname(core.get_pkgconfig_variable(f'{application}_location', {}))
             except mesonlib.MesonException:
                 pass
         return None
diff --git a/mesonbuild/interpreter/compiler.py b/mesonbuild/interpreter/compiler.py
index 174c268..49ca541 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/interpreter/compiler.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/interpreter/compiler.py
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class CompilerHolder(ObjectHolder['Compiler']):
             elif result.returncode == 0:
                 h = mlog.green('YES')
             else:
-                h = mlog.red('NO (%d)' % result.returncode)
+                h = mlog.red(f'NO ({result.returncode})')
             mlog.log('Checking if', mlog.bold(testname, True), msg, 'runs:', h)
         return result
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py b/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py
index 5045d79..211bdb5 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class Interpreter(InterpreterBase, HoldableObject):
                 mlog.warning(f'Module {modname} is now stable, please use the {plainname} module instead.')
                 return mod
             except InvalidArguments:
-                mlog.warning('Module %s has no backwards or forwards compatibility and might not exist in future releases.' % modname, location=node)
+                mlog.warning(f'Module {modname} has no backwards or forwards compatibility and might not exist in future releases.', location=node)
                 modname = 'unstable_' + plainname
         return self._import_module(modname, required)
 
@@ -671,8 +671,7 @@ external dependencies (including libraries) must go to "dependencies".''')
     def validate_arguments(self, args, argcount, arg_types):
         if argcount is not None:
             if argcount != len(args):
-                raise InvalidArguments('Expected %d arguments, got %d.' %
-                                       (argcount, len(args)))
+                raise InvalidArguments(f'Expected {argcount} arguments, got {len(args)}.')
         for actual, wanted in zip(args, arg_types):
             if wanted is not None:
                 if not isinstance(actual, wanted):
@@ -798,11 +797,11 @@ external dependencies (including libraries) must go to "dependencies".''')
         if subp_name in self.subproject_stack:
             fullstack = self.subproject_stack + [subp_name]
             incpath = ' => '.join(fullstack)
-            raise InvalidCode('Recursive include of subprojects: %s.' % incpath)
+            raise InvalidCode(f'Recursive include of subprojects: {incpath}.')
         if subp_name in self.subprojects:
             subproject = self.subprojects[subp_name]
             if required and not subproject.found():
-                raise InterpreterException('Subproject "%s" required but not found.' % (subproject.subdir))
+                raise InterpreterException(f'Subproject "{subproject.subdir}" required but not found.')
             return subproject
 
         r = self.environment.wrap_resolver
@@ -968,7 +967,7 @@ external dependencies (including libraries) must go to "dependencies".''')
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
-        raise InterpreterException('Tried to access unknown option "%s".' % optname)
+        raise InterpreterException(f'Tried to access unknown option {optname!r}.')
 
     @typed_pos_args('get_option', str)
     @noKwargs
@@ -1006,7 +1005,7 @@ external dependencies (including libraries) must go to "dependencies".''')
         self.backend = backends.get_backend_from_name(backend, self.build, self)
 
         if self.backend is None:
-            raise InterpreterException('Unknown backend "%s".' % backend)
+            raise InterpreterException(f'Unknown backend "{backend}".')
         if backend != self.backend.name:
             if self.backend.name.startswith('vs'):
                 mlog.log('Auto detected Visual Studio backend:', mlog.bold(self.backend.name))
@@ -1302,7 +1301,7 @@ external dependencies (including libraries) must go to "dependencies".''')
                 try:
                     comp = compilers.detect_compiler_for(self.environment, lang, for_machine)
                     if comp is None:
-                        raise InvalidArguments('Tried to use unknown language "%s".' % lang)
+                        raise InvalidArguments(f'Tried to use unknown language "{lang}".')
                     if self.should_skip_sanity_check(for_machine):
                         mlog.log_once('Cross compiler sanity tests disabled via the cross file.')
                     else:
@@ -1731,8 +1730,8 @@ external dependencies (including libraries) must go to "dependencies".''')
             try:
                 kwargs['input'] = self.source_strings_to_files(extract_as_list(kwargs, 'input'))
             except mesonlib.MesonException:
-                mlog.warning('''Custom target input \'%s\' can\'t be converted to File object(s).
-This will become a hard error in the future.''' % kwargs['input'], location=self.current_node)
+                mlog.warning(f'''Custom target input '{kwargs['input']}' can't be converted to File object(s).
+This will become a hard error in the future.''', location=self.current_node)
         kwargs['env'] = self.unpack_env_kwarg(kwargs)
         if 'command' in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs['command'], list) and kwargs['command']:
             if isinstance(kwargs['command'][0], str):
@@ -1955,8 +1954,7 @@ This will become a hard error in the future.''' % kwargs['input'], location=self
         symlinkless_dir = os.path.realpath(absdir)
         build_file = os.path.join(symlinkless_dir, 'meson.build')
         if build_file in self.processed_buildfiles:
-            raise InvalidArguments('Tried to enter directory "%s", which has already been visited.'
-                                   % subdir)
+            raise InvalidArguments(f'Tried to enter directory "{subdir}", which has already been visited.')
         self.processed_buildfiles.add(build_file)
         self.subdir = subdir
         os.makedirs(os.path.join(self.environment.build_dir, subdir), exist_ok=True)
@@ -2182,9 +2180,8 @@ This will become a hard error in the future.''' % kwargs['input'], location=self
                 if missing_variables:
                     var_list = ", ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing_variables)))
                     mlog.warning(
-                        "The variable(s) %s in the input file '%s' are not "
-                        "present in the given configuration data." % (
-                            var_list, inputs[0]), location=node)
+                        f"The variable(s) {var_list} in the input file '{inputs[0]}' are not "
+                        "present in the given configuration data.", location=node)
                 if confdata_useless:
                     ifbase = os.path.basename(inputs_abs[0])
                     mlog.warning('Got an empty configuration_data() object and found no '
@@ -2209,8 +2206,7 @@ This will become a hard error in the future.''' % kwargs['input'], location=self
             mlog.log('Configuring', mlog.bold(output), 'with command')
             res = self.run_command_impl(node, cmd,  {}, True)
             if res.returncode != 0:
-                raise InterpreterException('Running configure command failed.\n%s\n%s' %
-                                           (res.stdout, res.stderr))
+                raise InterpreterException(f'Running configure command failed.\n{res.stdout}\n{res.stderr}')
             if 'capture' in kwargs and kwargs['capture']:
                 dst_tmp = ofile_abs + '~'
                 file_encoding = kwargs.setdefault('encoding', 'utf-8')
@@ -2343,7 +2339,7 @@ This will become a hard error in the future.''' % kwargs['input'], location=self
             absdir_src = os.path.join(absbase_src, a)
             absdir_build = os.path.join(absbase_build, a)
             if not os.path.isdir(absdir_src) and not os.path.isdir(absdir_build):
-                raise InvalidArguments('Include dir %s does not exist.' % a)
+                raise InvalidArguments(f'Include dir {a} does not exist.')
         i = build.IncludeDirs(self.subdir, incdir_strings, is_system)
         return i
 
@@ -2383,8 +2379,8 @@ This will become a hard error in the future.''' % kwargs['input'], location=self
             raise InterpreterException('is_default option must be a boolean')
         if is_default:
             if self.build.test_setup_default_name is not None:
-                raise InterpreterException('\'%s\' is already set as default. '
-                                           'is_default can be set to true only once' % self.build.test_setup_default_name)
+                raise InterpreterException(f'{self.build.test_setup_default_name!r} is already set as default. '
+                                           'is_default can be set to true only once')
             self.build.test_setup_default_name = setup_name
         exclude_suites = mesonlib.stringlistify(kwargs.get('exclude_suites', []))
         env = self.unpack_env_kwarg(kwargs)
@@ -2599,13 +2595,13 @@ Try setting b_lundef to false instead.'''.format(self.coredata.options[OptionKey
             raise InvalidArguments("Target names starting with 'meson-' are reserved "
                                    "for Meson's internal use. Please rename.")
         if name in coredata.FORBIDDEN_TARGET_NAMES:
-            raise InvalidArguments("Target name '%s' is reserved for Meson's "
-                                   "internal use. Please rename." % name)
+            raise InvalidArguments(f"Target name '{name}' is reserved for Meson's "
+                                   "internal use. Please rename.")
         # To permit an executable and a shared library to have the
         # same name, such as "foo.exe" and "libfoo.a".
         idname = tobj.get_id()
         if idname in self.build.targets:
-            raise InvalidCode('Tried to create target "%s", but a target of that name already exists.' % name)
+            raise InvalidCode(f'Tried to create target "{name}", but a target of that name already exists.')
         self.build.targets[idname] = tobj
         if idname not in self.coredata.target_guids:
             self.coredata.target_guids[idname] = str(uuid.uuid4()).upper()
@@ -2738,7 +2734,7 @@ This will become a hard error in the future.''', location=self.current_node)
                 continue # This means a generated source and they always exist.
             fname = os.path.join(subdir, s)
             if not os.path.isfile(fname):
-                raise InterpreterException('Tried to add non-existing source file %s.' % s)
+                raise InterpreterException(f'Tried to add non-existing source file {s}.')
 
     # Only permit object extraction from the same subproject
     def validate_extraction(self, buildtarget: mesonlib.HoldableObject) -> None:
diff --git a/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreterobjects.py b/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreterobjects.py
index f4b512f..ccaa1c7 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreterobjects.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreterobjects.py
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class FeatureOptionHolder(ObjectHolder[coredata.UserFeatureOption]):
     @permittedKwargs({'error_message'})
     def require_method(self, args: T.List[TYPE_var], kwargs: TYPE_kwargs) -> coredata.UserFeatureOption:
         if len(args) != 1:
-            raise InvalidArguments('Expected 1 argument, got %d.' % (len(args), ))
+            raise InvalidArguments(f'Expected 1 argument, got {len(args)}.')
         if not isinstance(args[0], bool):
             raise InvalidArguments('boolean argument expected.')
         error_message = kwargs.pop('error_message', '')
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class FeatureOptionHolder(ObjectHolder[coredata.UserFeatureOption]):
     @noKwargs
     def disable_auto_if_method(self, args: T.List[TYPE_var], kwargs: TYPE_kwargs) -> coredata.UserFeatureOption:
         if len(args) != 1:
-            raise InvalidArguments('Expected 1 argument, got %d.' % (len(args), ))
+            raise InvalidArguments(f'Expected 1 argument, got {len(args)}.')
         if not isinstance(args[0], bool):
             raise InvalidArguments('boolean argument expected.')
         return copy.deepcopy(self.held_object) if self.value != 'auto' or not args[0] else self.as_disabled()
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class ConfigurationDataObject(MutableInterpreterObject, MesonInterpreterObject):
             # TODO: Fix this once the deprecation is removed
             # assert isinstance(args[1], (int, str, bool))
             return T.cast(T.Union[str, int, bool], args[1])
-        raise InterpreterException('Entry %s not in configuration data.' % name)
+        raise InterpreterException(f'Entry {name} not in configuration data.')
 
     @FeatureNew('configuration_data.get_unquoted()', '0.44.0')
     def get_unquoted_method(self, args: T.List[TYPE_var], kwargs: TYPE_kwargs) -> T.Union[str, int, bool]:
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ class ConfigurationDataObject(MutableInterpreterObject, MesonInterpreterObject):
             assert isinstance(args[1], (str, int, bool))
             val = args[1]
         else:
-            raise InterpreterException('Entry %s not in configuration data.' % name)
+            raise InterpreterException(f'Entry {name} not in configuration data.')
         if isinstance(val, str) and val[0] == '"' and val[-1] == '"':
             return val[1:-1]
         return val
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ class SubprojectHolder(MesonInterpreterObject):
         if len(args) < 1 or len(args) > 2:
             raise InterpreterException('Get_variable takes one or two arguments.')
         if isinstance(self.held_object, NullSubprojectInterpreter):  # == not self.found()
-            raise InterpreterException('Subproject "%s" disabled can\'t get_variable on it.' % (self.subdir))
+            raise InterpreterException(f'Subproject "{self.subdir}" disabled can\'t get_variable on it.')
         varname = args[0]
         if not isinstance(varname, str):
             raise InterpreterException('Get_variable first argument must be a string.')
diff --git a/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py b/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py
index 326204d..d6fe8ed 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class InterpreterBase:
     def load_root_meson_file(self) -> None:
         mesonfile = os.path.join(self.source_root, self.subdir, environment.build_filename)
         if not os.path.isfile(mesonfile):
-            raise InvalidArguments('Missing Meson file in %s' % mesonfile)
+            raise InvalidArguments(f'Missing Meson file in {mesonfile}')
         with open(mesonfile, encoding='utf-8') as mf:
             code = mf.read()
         if code.isspace():
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ class InterpreterBase:
         if is_disabled(args, kwargs):
             return Disabler()
         if not isinstance(obj, InterpreterObject):
-            raise InvalidArguments('Variable "%s" is not callable.' % object_name)
+            raise InvalidArguments(f'Variable "{object_name}" is not callable.')
         # TODO: InterpreterBase **really** shouldn't be in charge of checking this
         if method_name == 'extract_objects':
             if isinstance(obj, ObjectHolder):
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ class InterpreterBase:
         return [_unholder(x) for x in args], {k: _unholder(v) for k, v in kwargs.items()}
 
     def unknown_function_called(self, func_name: str) -> None:
-        raise InvalidCode('Unknown function "%s".' % func_name)
+        raise InvalidCode(f'Unknown function "{func_name}".')
 
     def reduce_arguments(
                 self,
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class InterpreterBase:
         if re.match('[_a-zA-Z][_0-9a-zA-Z]*$', varname) is None:
             raise InvalidCode('Invalid variable name: ' + varname)
         if varname in self.builtin:
-            raise InvalidCode('Tried to overwrite internal variable "%s"' % varname)
+            raise InvalidCode(f'Tried to overwrite internal variable "{varname}"')
         self.variables[varname] = variable
 
     def get_variable(self, varname: str) -> InterpreterObject:
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ class InterpreterBase:
             return self.builtin[varname]
         if varname in self.variables:
             return self.variables[varname]
-        raise InvalidCode('Unknown variable "%s".' % varname)
+        raise InvalidCode(f'Unknown variable "{varname}".')
 
     def validate_extraction(self, buildtarget: mesonlib.HoldableObject) -> None:
         raise InterpreterException('validate_extraction is not implemented in this context (please file a bug)')
diff --git a/mesonbuild/mesonlib/universal.py b/mesonbuild/mesonlib/universal.py
index d93133e..a53892c 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/mesonlib/universal.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/mesonlib/universal.py
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class File(HoldableObject):
     @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
     def from_source_file(source_root: str, subdir: str, fname: str) -> 'File':
         if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(source_root, subdir, fname)):
-            raise MesonException('File %s does not exist.' % fname)
+            raise MesonException(f'File {fname} does not exist.')
         return File(False, subdir, fname)
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/mesonbuild/modules/gnome.py b/mesonbuild/modules/gnome.py
index ddde779..85bac5c 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/modules/gnome.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/modules/gnome.py
@@ -386,10 +386,10 @@ class GnomeModule(ExtensionModule):
                                                        ".", resfile)
                 except MesonException:
                     raise MesonException(
-                        'Resource "%s" listed in "%s" was not found. If this is a '
-                        'generated file, pass the target that generates it to '
-                        'gnome.compile_resources() using the "dependencies" '
-                        'keyword argument.' % (resfile, input_file))
+                        f'Resource "{resfile}" listed in "{input_file}" was not found. '
+                        'If this is a generated file, pass the target that generates '
+                        'it to gnome.compile_resources() using the "dependencies" '
+                        'keyword argument.')
                 raw_dep_files.remove(resfile)
                 dep_files.append(f)
         dep_files.extend(raw_dep_files)
@@ -476,14 +476,14 @@ class GnomeModule(ExtensionModule):
                             # For PkgConfigDependency only:
                             getattr(dep, 'is_libtool', False)):
                         lib_dir = os.path.dirname(flag)
-                        external_ldflags.update(["-L%s" % lib_dir])
+                        external_ldflags.update([f'-L{lib_dir}'])
                         if include_rpath:
                             external_ldflags.update([f'-Wl,-rpath {lib_dir}'])
                         libname = os.path.basename(flag)
                         if libname.startswith("lib"):
                             libname = libname[3:]
                         libname = libname.split(".so")[0]
-                        flag = "-l%s" % libname
+                        flag = f"-l{libname}"
                     # FIXME: Hack to avoid passing some compiler options in
                     if flag.startswith("-W"):
                         continue
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ class GnomeModule(ExtensionModule):
 
         if 'symbol_prefix' in kwargs:
             sym_prefixes = mesonlib.stringlistify(kwargs.pop('symbol_prefix', []))
-            ret += ['--symbol-prefix=%s' % sym_prefix for sym_prefix in sym_prefixes]
+            ret += [f'--symbol-prefix={sym_prefix}' for sym_prefix in sym_prefixes]
 
         return ret
 
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ class GnomeModule(ExtensionModule):
             identifier_prefix = kwargs.pop('identifier_prefix')
             if not isinstance(identifier_prefix, str):
                 raise MesonException('Gir identifier prefix must be str')
-            ret += ['--identifier-prefix=%s' % identifier_prefix]
+            ret += [f'--identifier-prefix={identifier_prefix}']
 
         return ret
 
@@ -629,9 +629,9 @@ class GnomeModule(ExtensionModule):
         if 'export_packages' in kwargs:
             pkgs = kwargs.pop('export_packages')
             if isinstance(pkgs, str):
-                ret += ['--pkg-export=%s' % pkgs]
+                ret += [f'--pkg-export={pkgs}']
             elif isinstance(pkgs, list):
-                ret += ['--pkg-export=%s' % pkg for pkg in pkgs]
+                ret += [f'--pkg-export={pkg}' for pkg in pkgs]
             else:
                 raise MesonException('Gir export packages must be str or list')
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/modules/hotdoc.py b/mesonbuild/modules/hotdoc.py
index 9a41aa5..1b89d50 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/modules/hotdoc.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/modules/hotdoc.py
@@ -135,12 +135,11 @@ class HotdocTargetBuilder:
                     if force_list and not isinstance(value, list):
                         return [value], uvalue
                     return value, uvalue
-            raise MesonException("%s field value %s is not valid,"
-                                 " valid types are %s" % (argname, value,
-                                                          types))
+            raise MesonException(f"{argname} field value {value} is not valid,"
+                                 f" valid types are {types}")
         except KeyError:
             if mandatory:
-                raise MesonException("%s mandatory field not found" % argname)
+                raise MesonException(f"{argname} mandatory field not found")
 
             if default is not None:
                 return default, default
@@ -279,14 +278,14 @@ class HotdocTargetBuilder:
             _dir = os.path.join(self.sourcedir, self.subdir, value)
 
         if not os.path.isdir(_dir):
-            raise InvalidArguments('"%s" is not a directory.' % _dir)
+            raise InvalidArguments(f'"{_dir}" is not a directory.')
 
         return os.path.relpath(_dir, os.path.join(self.builddir, self.subdir))
 
     def check_forbidden_args(self):
         for arg in ['conf_file']:
             if arg in self.kwargs:
-                raise InvalidArguments('Argument "%s" is forbidden.' % arg)
+                raise InvalidArguments(f'Argument "{arg}" is forbidden.')
 
     def add_include_path(self, path):
         self.include_paths[path] = path
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ class HotDocModule(ExtensionModule):
 
     @noKwargs
     def has_extensions(self, state, args, kwargs):
-        return self.hotdoc.run_hotdoc(['--has-extension=%s' % extension for extension in args]) == 0
+        return self.hotdoc.run_hotdoc([f'--has-extension={extension}' for extension in args]) == 0
 
     def generate_doc(self, state, args, kwargs):
         if len(args) != 1:
diff --git a/mesonbuild/modules/pkgconfig.py b/mesonbuild/modules/pkgconfig.py
index 80d0c51..4a0b39e 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/modules/pkgconfig.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/modules/pkgconfig.py
@@ -355,12 +355,12 @@ class PkgConfigModule(ExtensionModule):
             for k, v in unescaped_variables:
                 ofile.write(f'{k}={v}\n')
             ofile.write('\n')
-            ofile.write('Name: %s\n' % name)
+            ofile.write(f'Name: {name}\n')
             if len(description) > 0:
-                ofile.write('Description: %s\n' % description)
+                ofile.write(f'Description: {description}\n')
             if len(url) > 0:
-                ofile.write('URL: %s\n' % url)
-            ofile.write('Version: %s\n' % version)
+                ofile.write(f'URL: {url}\n')
+            ofile.write(f'Version: {version}\n')
             reqs_str = deps.format_reqs(deps.pub_reqs)
             if len(reqs_str) > 0:
                 ofile.write(f'Requires: {reqs_str}\n')
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ class PkgConfigModule(ExtensionModule):
                         if not is_custom_target and l.name_suffix_set:
                             mlog.warning(msg.format(l.name, 'name_suffix', lname, pcfile))
                         if is_custom_target or 'cs' not in l.compilers:
-                            yield '-l%s' % lname
+                            yield f'-l{lname}'
 
             def get_uninstalled_include_dirs(libs):
                 result = []