path: root/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c

/*
 *  CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
 *  Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/*
 * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
 * Supported commands/modes are:
 * - flash read
 * - flash write
 * - flash ID read
 * - sector erase
 * - CFI queries
 *
 * It does not support timings
 * It does not support flash interleaving
 * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
 * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
 * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
 *
 * It does not implement much more ...
 */

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "hw/block/block.h"
#include "hw/block/flash.h"
#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
#include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qemu/bitops.h"
#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
#include "qemu/log.h"
#include "qemu/option.h"
#include "hw/sysbus.h"
#include "migration/vmstate.h"
#include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
#include "trace.h"

#define PFLASH_BE          0
#define PFLASH_SECURE      1

struct PFlashCFI01 {
    /*< private >*/
    SysBusDevice parent_obj;
    /*< public >*/

    BlockBackend *blk;
    uint32_t nb_blocs;
    uint64_t sector_len;
    uint8_t bank_width;
    uint8_t device_width; /* If 0, device width not specified. */
    uint8_t max_device_width;  /* max device width in bytes */
    uint32_t features;
    uint8_t wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
    bool ro;
    uint8_t cmd;
    uint8_t status;
    uint16_t ident0;
    uint16_t ident1;
    uint16_t ident2;
    uint16_t ident3;
    uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
    uint64_t counter;
    uint32_t writeblock_size;
    MemoryRegion mem;
    char *name;
    void *storage;
    VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate;
    bool old_multiple_chip_handling;

    /* block update buffer */
    unsigned char *blk_bytes;
    uint32_t blk_offset;
};

static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id);

static bool pflash_blk_write_state_needed(void *opaque)
{
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;

    return (pfl->blk_offset != -1);
}

static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pflash_blk_write = {
    .name = "pflash_cfi01_blk_write",
    .version_id = 1,
    .minimum_version_id = 1,
    .needed = pflash_blk_write_state_needed,
    .fields = (const VMStateField[]) {
        VMSTATE_VBUFFER_UINT32(blk_bytes, PFlashCFI01, 0, NULL, writeblock_size),
        VMSTATE_UINT32(blk_offset, PFlashCFI01),
        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
    }
};

static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pflash = {
    .name = "pflash_cfi01",
    .version_id = 1,
    .minimum_version_id = 1,
    .post_load = pflash_post_load,
    .fields = (const VMStateField[]) {
        VMSTATE_UINT8(wcycle, PFlashCFI01),
        VMSTATE_UINT8(cmd, PFlashCFI01),
        VMSTATE_UINT8(status, PFlashCFI01),
        VMSTATE_UINT64(counter, PFlashCFI01),
        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
    },
    .subsections = (const VMStateDescription * const []) {
        &vmstate_pflash_blk_write,
        NULL
    }
};

/*
 * Perform a CFI query based on the bank width of the flash.
 * If this code is called we know we have a device_width set for
 * this flash.
 */
static uint32_t pflash_cfi_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t resp = 0;
    hwaddr boff;

    /*
     * Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
     * addressing. CFI query addresses are always specified in terms of
     * the maximum supported width of the device.  This means that x8
     * devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave differently.  For
     * devices that are not used at their max width, we will be
     * provided with addresses that use higher address bits than
     * expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them lower
     * so that they will match the addresses used when
     * device_width==max_device_width.
     */
    boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
                      ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));

    if (boff >= sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
        return 0;
    }
    /*
     * Now we will construct the CFI response generated by a single
     * device, then replicate that for all devices that make up the
     * bus.  For wide parts used in x8 mode, CFI query responses
     * are different than native byte-wide parts.
     */
    resp = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
    if (pfl->device_width != pfl->max_device_width) {
        /* The only case currently supported is x8 mode for a
         * wider part.
         */
        if (pfl->device_width != 1 || pfl->bank_width > 4) {
            trace_pflash_unsupported_device_configuration(pfl->name,
                                    pfl->device_width, pfl->max_device_width);
            return 0;
        }
        /* CFI query data is repeated, rather than zero padded for
         * wide devices used in x8 mode.
         */
        for (i = 1; i < pfl->max_device_width; i++) {
            resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8, pfl->cfi_table[boff]);
        }
    }
    /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
    if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
        for (i = pfl->device_width;
             i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
            resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
        }
    }

    return resp;
}



/* Perform a device id query based on the bank width of the flash. */
static uint32_t pflash_devid_query(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t resp;
    hwaddr boff;

    /*
     * Adjust incoming offset to match expected device-width
     * addressing. Device ID read addresses are always specified in
     * terms of the maximum supported width of the device.  This means
     * that x8 devices and x8/x16 devices in x8 mode behave
     * differently. For devices that are not used at their max width,
     * we will be provided with addresses that use higher address bits
     * than expected (based on the max width), so we will shift them
     * lower so that they will match the addresses used when
     * device_width==max_device_width.
     */
    boff = offset >> (ctz32(pfl->bank_width) +
                      ctz32(pfl->max_device_width) - ctz32(pfl->device_width));

    /*
     * Mask off upper bits which may be used in to query block
     * or sector lock status at other addresses.
     * Offsets 2/3 are block lock status, is not emulated.
     */
    switch (boff & 0xFF) {
    case 0:
        resp = pfl->ident0;
        trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(pfl->name, resp);
        break;
    case 1:
        resp = pfl->ident1;
        trace_pflash_device_id(pfl->name, resp);
        break;
    default:
        trace_pflash_device_info(pfl->name, offset);
        return 0;
    }
    /* Replicate responses for each device in bank. */
    if (pfl->device_width < pfl->bank_width) {
        for (i = pfl->device_width;
              i < pfl->bank_width; i += pfl->device_width) {
            resp = deposit32(resp, 8 * i, 8 * pfl->device_width, resp);
        }
    }

    return resp;
}

static uint32_t pflash_data_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
                                 int width, int be)
{
    uint8_t *p;
    uint32_t ret;

    p = pfl->storage;
    if (be) {
        ret = ldn_be_p(p + offset, width);
    } else {
        ret = ldn_le_p(p + offset, width);
    }
    trace_pflash_data_read(pfl->name, offset, width, ret);
    return ret;
}

static uint32_t pflash_read(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
                            int width, int be)
{
    hwaddr boff;
    uint32_t ret;

    ret = -1;
    switch (pfl->cmd) {
    default:
        /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
        trace_pflash_read_unknown_state(pfl->name, pfl->cmd);
        pfl->wcycle = 0;
        /*
         * The command 0x00 is not assigned by the CFI open standard,
         * but QEMU historically uses it for the READ_ARRAY command (0xff).
         */
        pfl->cmd = 0x00;
        /* fall through to read code */
    case 0x00: /* This model reset value for READ_ARRAY (not CFI compliant) */
        /* Flash area read */
        ret = pflash_data_read(pfl, offset, width, be);
        break;
    case 0x10: /* Single byte program */
    case 0x20: /* Block erase */
    case 0x28: /* Block erase */
    case 0x40: /* single byte program */
    case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
    case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
    case 0x70: /* Status Register */
    case 0xe8: /* Write block */
        /*
         * Status register read.  Return status from each device in
         * bank.
         */
        ret = pfl->status;
        if (pfl->device_width && width > pfl->device_width) {
            int shift = pfl->device_width * 8;
            while (shift + pfl->device_width * 8 <= width * 8) {
                ret |= pfl->status << shift;
                shift += pfl->device_width * 8;
            }
        } else if (!pfl->device_width && width > 2) {
            /*
             * Handle 32 bit flash cases where device width is not
             * set. (Existing behavior before device width added.)
             */
            ret |= pfl->status << 16;
        }
        trace_pflash_read_status(pfl->name, ret);
        break;
    case 0x90:
        if (!pfl->device_width) {
            /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
            boff = offset & 0xFF;
            if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
                boff = boff >> 1;
            } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
                boff = boff >> 2;
            }

            switch (boff) {
            case 0:
                ret = pfl->ident0 << 8 | pfl->ident1;
                trace_pflash_manufacturer_id(pfl->name, ret);
                break;
            case 1:
                ret = pfl->ident2 << 8 | pfl->ident3;
                trace_pflash_device_id(pfl->name, ret);
                break;
            default:
                trace_pflash_device_info(pfl->name, boff);
                ret = 0;
                break;
            }
        } else {
            /*
             * If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
             * manufacturer/device ID queries into a single response.
             */
            int i;
            for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
                ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
                                pflash_devid_query(pfl,
                                                 offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
            }
        }
        break;
    case 0x98: /* Query mode */
        if (!pfl->device_width) {
            /* Preserve old behavior if device width not specified */
            boff = offset & 0xFF;
            if (pfl->bank_width == 2) {
                boff = boff >> 1;
            } else if (pfl->bank_width == 4) {
                boff = boff >> 2;
            }

            if (boff < sizeof(pfl->cfi_table)) {
                ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
            } else {
                ret = 0;
            }
        } else {
            /*
             * If we have a read larger than the bank_width, combine multiple
             * CFI queries into a single response.
             */
            int i;
            for (i = 0; i < width; i += pfl->bank_width) {
                ret = deposit32(ret, i * 8, pfl->bank_width * 8,
                                pflash_cfi_query(pfl,
                                                 offset + i * pfl->bank_width));
            }
        }

        break;
    }
    trace_pflash_io_read(pfl->name, offset, width, ret, pfl->cmd, pfl->wcycle);

    return ret;
}

/* update flash content on disk */
static void pflash_update(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, int offset,
                          int size)
{
    int offset_end;
    int ret;
    if (pfl->blk) {
        offset_end = offset + size;
        /* widen to sector boundaries */
        offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
        offset_end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset_end, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
        ret = blk_pwrite(pfl->blk, offset, offset_end - offset,
                         pfl->storage + offset, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
            /* TODO set error bit in status */
            error_report("Could not update PFLASH: %s", strerror(-ret));
        }
    }
}

/* copy current flash content to block update buffer */
static void pflash_blk_write_start(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset)
{
    hwaddr mask = ~(pfl->writeblock_size - 1);

    trace_pflash_write_block_start(pfl->name, pfl->counter);
    pfl->blk_offset = offset & mask;
    memcpy(pfl->blk_bytes, pfl->storage + pfl->blk_offset,
           pfl->writeblock_size);
}

/* commit block update buffer changes */
static void pflash_blk_write_flush(PFlashCFI01 *pfl)
{
    g_assert(pfl->blk_offset != -1);
    trace_pflash_write_block_flush(pfl->name);
    memcpy(pfl->storage + pfl->blk_offset, pfl->blk_bytes,
           pfl->writeblock_size);
    pflash_update(pfl, pfl->blk_offset, pfl->writeblock_size);
    pfl->blk_offset = -1;
}

/* discard block update buffer changes */
static void pflash_blk_write_abort(PFlashCFI01 *pfl)
{
    trace_pflash_write_block_abort(pfl->name);
    pfl->blk_offset = -1;
}

static inline void pflash_data_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
                                     uint32_t value, int width, int be)
{
    uint8_t *p;

    if (pfl->blk_offset != -1) {
        /* block write: redirect writes to block update buffer */
        if ((offset < pfl->blk_offset) ||
            (offset + width > pfl->blk_offset + pfl->writeblock_size)) {
            pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
            return;
        }
        trace_pflash_data_write_block(pfl->name, offset, width, value,
                                      pfl->counter);
        p = pfl->blk_bytes + (offset - pfl->blk_offset);
    } else {
        /* write directly to storage */
        trace_pflash_data_write(pfl->name, offset, width, value);
        p = pfl->storage + offset;
    }

    if (be) {
        stn_be_p(p, width, value);
    } else {
        stn_le_p(p, width, value);
    }
}

static void pflash_write(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, hwaddr offset,
                         uint32_t value, int width, int be)
{
    uint8_t *p;
    uint8_t cmd;

    cmd = value;

    trace_pflash_io_write(pfl->name, offset, width, value, pfl->wcycle);
    if (!pfl->wcycle) {
        /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
        memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, false);
    }

    switch (pfl->wcycle) {
    case 0:
        /* read mode */
        switch (cmd) {
        case 0x00: /* This model reset value for READ_ARRAY (not CFI) */
            goto mode_read_array;
        case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
        case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "single byte program (0)");
            break;
        case 0x20: /* Block erase */
            p = pfl->storage;
            offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);

            trace_pflash_write_block_erase(pfl->name, offset, pfl->sector_len);

            if (!pfl->ro) {
                memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
                pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
            } else {
                pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
            }
            pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
            break;
        case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "clear status bits");
            pfl->status = 0x0;
            goto mode_read_array;
        case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "block unlock");
            break;
        case 0x70: /* Status Register */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "read status register");
            pfl->cmd = cmd;
            return;
        case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "read device information");
            pfl->cmd = cmd;
            return;
        case 0x98: /* CFI query */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "CFI query");
            break;
        case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "write to buffer");
            pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
            break;
        case 0xf0: /* Probe for AMD flash */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "probe for AMD flash");
            goto mode_read_array;
        case 0xff: /* Read Array */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "read array mode");
            goto mode_read_array;
        default:
            goto error_flash;
        }
        pfl->wcycle++;
        pfl->cmd = cmd;
        break;
    case 1:
        switch (pfl->cmd) {
        case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
        case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
            trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "single byte program (1)");
            if (!pfl->ro) {
                pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
                pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
            } else {
                pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
            }
            pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
            pfl->wcycle = 0;
        break;
        case 0x20: /* Block erase */
        case 0x28:
            if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
                pfl->wcycle = 0;
                pfl->status |= 0x80;
            } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* Read Array */
                goto mode_read_array;
            } else
                goto error_flash;

            break;
        case 0xe8:
            /*
             * Mask writeblock size based on device width, or bank width if
             * device width not specified.
             */
            /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
            if (pfl->device_width) {
                value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->device_width * 8);
            } else {
                value = extract32(value, 0, pfl->bank_width * 8);
            }
            pfl->counter = value;
            pfl->wcycle++;
            break;
        case 0x60:
            if (cmd == 0xd0) {
                pfl->wcycle = 0;
                pfl->status |= 0x80;
            } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
                pfl->wcycle = 0;
                pfl->status |= 0x80;
            } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* Read Array */
                goto mode_read_array;
            } else {
                trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "unknown (un)locking command");
                goto mode_read_array;
            }
            break;
        case 0x98:
            if (cmd == 0xff) { /* Read Array */
                goto mode_read_array;
            } else {
                trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "leaving query mode");
            }
            break;
        default:
            goto error_flash;
        }
        break;
    case 2:
        switch (pfl->cmd) {
        case 0xe8: /* Block write */
            /* FIXME check @offset, @width */
            if (pfl->blk_offset == -1 && pfl->counter) {
                pflash_blk_write_start(pfl, offset);
            }
            if (!pfl->ro && (pfl->blk_offset != -1)) {
                pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
            } else {
                pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
            }

            pfl->status |= 0x80;

            if (!pfl->counter) {
                trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "block write finished");
                pfl->wcycle++;
                break;
            }

            pfl->counter--;
            break;
        default:
            goto error_flash;
        }
        break;
    case 3: /* Confirm mode */
        switch (pfl->cmd) {
        case 0xe8: /* Block write */
            if ((cmd == 0xd0) && !(pfl->status & 0x10)) {
                pflash_blk_write_flush(pfl);
                pfl->wcycle = 0;
                pfl->status |= 0x80;
            } else {
                pflash_blk_write_abort(pfl);
                goto mode_read_array;
            }
            break;
        default:
            pflash_blk_write_abort(pfl);
            goto error_flash;
        }
        break;
    default:
        /* Should never happen */
        trace_pflash_write(pfl->name, "invalid write state");
        goto mode_read_array;
    }
    return;

 error_flash:
    qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
                  "(offset " HWADDR_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)"
                  "\n", __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);

 mode_read_array:
    trace_pflash_mode_read_array(pfl->name);
    memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
    pfl->wcycle = 0;
    pfl->cmd = 0x00; /* This model reset value for READ_ARRAY (not CFI) */
}


static MemTxResult pflash_mem_read_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *value,
                                              unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
{
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
    bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));

    if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
        *value = pflash_data_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
    } else {
        *value = pflash_read(opaque, addr, len, be);
    }
    return MEMTX_OK;
}

static MemTxResult pflash_mem_write_with_attrs(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
                                               unsigned len, MemTxAttrs attrs)
{
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;
    bool be = !!(pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_BE));

    if ((pfl->features & (1 << PFLASH_SECURE)) && !attrs.secure) {
        return MEMTX_ERROR;
    } else {
        pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, len, be);
        return MEMTX_OK;
    }
}

static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops = {
    .read_with_attrs = pflash_mem_read_with_attrs,
    .write_with_attrs = pflash_mem_write_with_attrs,
    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
};

static void pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(PFlashCFI01 *pfl)
{
    uint64_t blocks_per_device, sector_len_per_device, device_len;
    int num_devices;

    /*
     * These are only used to expose the parameters of each device
     * in the cfi_table[].
     */
    num_devices = pfl->device_width ? (pfl->bank_width / pfl->device_width) : 1;
    if (pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling) {
        blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs / num_devices;
        sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len;
    } else {
        blocks_per_device = pfl->nb_blocs;
        sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len / num_devices;
    }
    device_len = sector_len_per_device * blocks_per_device;

    /* Hardcoded CFI table */
    /* Standard "QRY" string */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
    pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
    pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
    /* Command set (Intel) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
    /* Primary extended table address (none) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
    /* Alternate command set (none) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
    /* Alternate extended table (none) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
    /* Vcc min */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
    /* Vcc max */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
    /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
    /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
    /* Reserved */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
    /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
    /* Typical timeout for block erase */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
    /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
    /* Reserved */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
    /* Max timeout for buffer write */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
    /* Max timeout for block erase */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
    /* Max timeout for chip erase */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
    /* Device size */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(device_len); /* + 1; */
    /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
    /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
    if (pfl->bank_width == 1) {
        pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
    } else {
        pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
    }
    pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
    if (!pfl->old_multiple_chip_handling && num_devices > 1) {
        pfl->writeblock_size *= num_devices;
    }

    pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
    /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
    /* Erase block region 1 */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = blocks_per_device - 1;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (blocks_per_device - 1) >> 8;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len_per_device >> 8;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len_per_device >> 16;

    /* Extended */
    pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
    pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
    pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';

    pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
    pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '0';

    pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;

    pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;

    pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
    pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;

    pfl->cfi_table[0x3f] = 0x01; /* Number of protection fields */
}

static void pflash_cfi01_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
{
    ERRP_GUARD();
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
    uint64_t total_len;
    int ret;

    if (pfl->sector_len == 0) {
        error_setg(errp, "attribute \"sector-length\" not specified or zero.");
        return;
    }
    if (pfl->nb_blocs == 0) {
        error_setg(errp, "attribute \"num-blocks\" not specified or zero.");
        return;
    }
    if (pfl->name == NULL) {
        error_setg(errp, "attribute \"name\" not specified.");
        return;
    }

    total_len = pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs;

    memory_region_init_rom_device(
        &pfl->mem, OBJECT(dev),
        &pflash_cfi01_ops,
        pfl,
        pfl->name, total_len, errp);
    if (*errp) {
        return;
    }

    pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
    sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &pfl->mem);

    if (pfl->blk) {
        uint64_t perm;
        pfl->ro = !blk_supports_write_perm(pfl->blk);
        perm = BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | (pfl->ro ? 0 : BLK_PERM_WRITE);
        ret = blk_set_perm(pfl->blk, perm, BLK_PERM_ALL, errp);
        if (ret < 0) {
            return;
        }
    } else {
        pfl->ro = false;
    }

    if (pfl->blk) {
        if (!blk_check_size_and_read_all(pfl->blk, dev, pfl->storage,
                                         total_len, errp)) {
            vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, DEVICE(pfl));
            return;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Default to devices being used at their maximum device width. This was
     * assumed before the device_width support was added.
     */
    if (!pfl->max_device_width) {
        pfl->max_device_width = pfl->device_width;
    }

    pfl->wcycle = 0;
    /*
     * The command 0x00 is not assigned by the CFI open standard,
     * but QEMU historically uses it for the READ_ARRAY command (0xff).
     */
    pfl->cmd = 0x00;
    pfl->status = 0x80; /* WSM ready */
    pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(pfl);

    pfl->blk_bytes = g_malloc(pfl->writeblock_size);
    pfl->blk_offset = -1;
}

static void pflash_cfi01_system_reset(DeviceState *dev)
{
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = PFLASH_CFI01(dev);

    trace_pflash_reset(pfl->name);
    /*
     * The command 0x00 is not assigned by the CFI open standard,
     * but QEMU historically uses it for the READ_ARRAY command (0xff).
     */
    pfl->cmd = 0x00;
    pfl->wcycle = 0;
    memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(&pfl->mem, true);
    /*
     * The WSM ready timer occurs at most 150ns after system reset.
     * This model deliberately ignores this delay.
     */
    pfl->status = 0x80;

    pfl->blk_offset = -1;
}

static const Property pflash_cfi01_properties[] = {
    DEFINE_PROP_DRIVE("drive", PFlashCFI01, blk),
    /* num-blocks is the number of blocks actually visible to the guest,
     * ie the total size of the device divided by the sector length.
     * If we're emulating flash devices wired in parallel the actual
     * number of blocks per individual device will differ.
     */
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num-blocks", PFlashCFI01, nb_blocs, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT64("sector-length", PFlashCFI01, sector_len, 0),
    /* width here is the overall width of this QEMU device in bytes.
     * The QEMU device may be emulating a number of flash devices
     * wired up in parallel; the width of each individual flash
     * device should be specified via device-width. If the individual
     * devices have a maximum width which is greater than the width
     * they are being used for, this maximum width should be set via
     * max-device-width (which otherwise defaults to device-width).
     * So for instance a 32-bit wide QEMU flash device made from four
     * 16-bit flash devices used in 8-bit wide mode would be configured
     * with width = 4, device-width = 1, max-device-width = 2.
     *
     * If device-width is not specified we default to backwards
     * compatible behaviour which is a bad emulation of two
     * 16 bit devices making up a 32 bit wide QEMU device. This
     * is deprecated for new uses of this device.
     */
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("width", PFlashCFI01, bank_width, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("device-width", PFlashCFI01, device_width, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("max-device-width", PFlashCFI01, max_device_width, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("big-endian", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_BE, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("secure", PFlashCFI01, features, PFLASH_SECURE, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id0", PFlashCFI01, ident0, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id1", PFlashCFI01, ident1, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id2", PFlashCFI01, ident2, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id3", PFlashCFI01, ident3, 0),
    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("name", PFlashCFI01, name),
    DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("old-multiple-chip-handling", PFlashCFI01,
                     old_multiple_chip_handling, false),
};

static void pflash_cfi01_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
{
    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);

    device_class_set_legacy_reset(dc, pflash_cfi01_system_reset);
    dc->realize = pflash_cfi01_realize;
    device_class_set_props(dc, pflash_cfi01_properties);
    dc->vmsd = &vmstate_pflash;
    set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
}

static const TypeInfo pflash_cfi01_types[] = {
    {
        .name           = TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01,
        .parent         = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
        .instance_size  = sizeof(PFlashCFI01),
        .class_init     = pflash_cfi01_class_init,
    },
};

DEFINE_TYPES(pflash_cfi01_types)

PFlashCFI01 *pflash_cfi01_register(hwaddr base,
                                   const char *name,
                                   hwaddr size,
                                   BlockBackend *blk,
                                   uint32_t sector_len,
                                   int bank_width,
                                   uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
                                   uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3,
                                   int be)
{
    DeviceState *dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01);

    if (blk) {
        qdev_prop_set_drive(dev, "drive", blk);
    }
    assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(size, sector_len));
    qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-blocks", size / sector_len);
    qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "sector-length", sector_len);
    qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "width", bank_width);
    qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "big-endian", !!be);
    qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id0", id0);
    qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id1", id1);
    qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id2", id2);
    qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id3", id3);
    qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "name", name);
    sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);

    sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, base);
    return PFLASH_CFI01(dev);
}

BlockBackend *pflash_cfi01_get_blk(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
{
    return fl->blk;
}

MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(PFlashCFI01 *fl)
{
    return &fl->mem;
}

/*
 * Handle -drive if=pflash for machines that use properties.
 * If @dinfo is null, do nothing.
 * Else if @fl's property "drive" is already set, fatal error.
 * Else set it to the BlockBackend with @dinfo.
 */
void pflash_cfi01_legacy_drive(PFlashCFI01 *fl, DriveInfo *dinfo)
{
    Location loc;

    if (!dinfo) {
        return;
    }

    loc_push_none(&loc);
    qemu_opts_loc_restore(dinfo->opts);
    if (fl->blk) {
        error_report("clashes with -machine");
        exit(1);
    }
    qdev_prop_set_drive_err(DEVICE(fl), "drive", blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo),
                            &error_fatal);
    loc_pop(&loc);
}

static void postload_update_cb(void *opaque, bool running, RunState state)
{
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;

    /* This is called after bdrv_activate_all.  */
    qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(pfl->vmstate);
    pfl->vmstate = NULL;

    trace_pflash_postload_cb(pfl->name);
    pflash_update(pfl, 0, pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs);
}

static int pflash_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
{
    PFlashCFI01 *pfl = opaque;

    if (!pfl->ro) {
        pfl->vmstate = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(postload_update_cb,
                                                        pfl);
    }
    return 0;
}