2 files changed, 685 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/rust/qemu-api/tests/tests.rs b/rust/qemu-api/tests/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a658a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/qemu-api/tests/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Copyright 2024, Linaro Limited
+// Author(s): Manos Pitsidianakis <manos.pitsidianakis@linaro.org>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+use std::{ffi::CStr, ptr::addr_of};
+
+use qemu_api::{
+    bindings::{module_call_init, module_init_type, qdev_prop_bool},
+    cell::{self, BqlCell},
+    declare_properties, define_property,
+    prelude::*,
+    qdev::{DeviceImpl, DeviceState, Property, ResettablePhasesImpl},
+    qom::{ObjectImpl, ParentField},
+    sysbus::SysBusDevice,
+    vmstate::VMStateDescription,
+    zeroable::Zeroable,
+};
+
+mod vmstate_tests;
+
+// Test that macros can compile.
+pub static VMSTATE: VMStateDescription = VMStateDescription {
+    name: c"name".as_ptr(),
+    unmigratable: true,
+    ..Zeroable::ZERO
+};
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(qemu_api_macros::Object)]
+pub struct DummyState {
+    parent: ParentField<DeviceState>,
+    migrate_clock: bool,
+}
+
+qom_isa!(DummyState: Object, DeviceState);
+
+pub struct DummyClass {
+    parent_class: <DeviceState as ObjectType>::Class,
+}
+
+impl DummyClass {
+    pub fn class_init<T: DeviceImpl>(self: &mut DummyClass) {
+        self.parent_class.class_init::<T>();
+    }
+}
+
+declare_properties! {
+    DUMMY_PROPERTIES,
+        define_property!(
+            c"migrate-clk",
+            DummyState,
+            migrate_clock,
+            unsafe { &qdev_prop_bool },
+            bool
+        ),
+}
+
+unsafe impl ObjectType for DummyState {
+    type Class = DummyClass;
+    const TYPE_NAME: &'static CStr = c"dummy";
+}
+
+impl ObjectImpl for DummyState {
+    type ParentType = DeviceState;
+    const ABSTRACT: bool = false;
+    const CLASS_INIT: fn(&mut DummyClass) = DummyClass::class_init::<Self>;
+}
+
+impl ResettablePhasesImpl for DummyState {}
+
+impl DeviceImpl for DummyState {
+    fn properties() -> &'static [Property] {
+        &DUMMY_PROPERTIES
+    }
+    fn vmsd() -> Option<&'static VMStateDescription> {
+        Some(&VMSTATE)
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(qemu_api_macros::Object)]
+pub struct DummyChildState {
+    parent: ParentField<DummyState>,
+}
+
+qom_isa!(DummyChildState: Object, DeviceState, DummyState);
+
+pub struct DummyChildClass {
+    parent_class: <DummyState as ObjectType>::Class,
+}
+
+unsafe impl ObjectType for DummyChildState {
+    type Class = DummyChildClass;
+    const TYPE_NAME: &'static CStr = c"dummy_child";
+}
+
+impl ObjectImpl for DummyChildState {
+    type ParentType = DummyState;
+    const ABSTRACT: bool = false;
+    const CLASS_INIT: fn(&mut DummyChildClass) = DummyChildClass::class_init::<Self>;
+}
+
+impl ResettablePhasesImpl for DummyChildState {}
+impl DeviceImpl for DummyChildState {}
+
+impl DummyChildClass {
+    pub fn class_init<T: DeviceImpl>(self: &mut DummyChildClass) {
+        self.parent_class.class_init::<T>();
+    }
+}
+
+fn init_qom() {
+    static ONCE: BqlCell<bool> = BqlCell::new(false);
+
+    cell::bql_start_test();
+    if !ONCE.get() {
+        unsafe {
+            module_call_init(module_init_type::MODULE_INIT_QOM);
+        }
+        ONCE.set(true);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Create and immediately drop an instance.
+fn test_object_new() {
+    init_qom();
+    drop(DummyState::new());
+    drop(DummyChildState::new());
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[allow(clippy::redundant_clone)]
+/// Create, clone and then drop an instance.
+fn test_clone() {
+    init_qom();
+    let p = DummyState::new();
+    assert_eq!(p.clone().typename(), "dummy");
+    drop(p);
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Try invoking a method on an object.
+fn test_typename() {
+    init_qom();
+    let p = DummyState::new();
+    assert_eq!(p.typename(), "dummy");
+}
+
+// a note on all "cast" tests: usually, especially for downcasts the desired
+// class would be placed on the right, for example:
+//
+//    let sbd_ref = p.dynamic_cast::<SysBusDevice>();
+//
+// Here I am doing the opposite to check that the resulting type is correct.
+
+#[test]
+#[allow(clippy::shadow_unrelated)]
+/// Test casts on shared references.
+fn test_cast() {
+    init_qom();
+    let p = DummyState::new();
+    let p_ptr: *mut DummyState = p.as_mut_ptr();
+    let p_ref: &mut DummyState = unsafe { &mut *p_ptr };
+
+    let obj_ref: &Object = p_ref.upcast();
+    assert_eq!(addr_of!(*obj_ref), p_ptr.cast());
+
+    let sbd_ref: Option<&SysBusDevice> = obj_ref.dynamic_cast();
+    assert!(sbd_ref.is_none());
+
+    let dev_ref: Option<&DeviceState> = obj_ref.downcast();
+    assert_eq!(addr_of!(*dev_ref.unwrap()), p_ptr.cast());
+
+    // SAFETY: the cast is wrong, but the value is only used for comparison
+    unsafe {
+        let sbd_ref: &SysBusDevice = obj_ref.unsafe_cast();
+        assert_eq!(addr_of!(*sbd_ref), p_ptr.cast());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rust/qemu-api/tests/vmstate_tests.rs b/rust/qemu-api/tests/vmstate_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bded836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/qemu-api/tests/vmstate_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2025 Intel Corporation.
+// Author(s): Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+use std::{
+    ffi::{c_void, CStr},
+    mem::size_of,
+    ptr::NonNull,
+    slice,
+};
+
+use qemu_api::{
+    bindings::{
+        vmstate_info_bool, vmstate_info_int32, vmstate_info_int64, vmstate_info_int8,
+        vmstate_info_uint64, vmstate_info_uint8, vmstate_info_unused_buffer, VMStateFlags,
+    },
+    cell::{BqlCell, Opaque},
+    impl_vmstate_forward,
+    vmstate::{VMStateDescription, VMStateField},
+    vmstate_fields, vmstate_of, vmstate_struct, vmstate_unused, vmstate_validate,
+    zeroable::Zeroable,
+};
+
+const FOO_ARRAY_MAX: usize = 3;
+
+// =========================== Test VMSTATE_FOOA ===========================
+// Test the use cases of the vmstate macro, corresponding to the following C
+// macro variants:
+//   * VMSTATE_FOOA:
+//     - VMSTATE_U16
+//     - VMSTATE_UNUSED
+//     - VMSTATE_VARRAY_UINT16_UNSAFE
+//     - VMSTATE_VARRAY_MULTIPLY
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct FooA {
+    arr: [u8; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    num: u16,
+    arr_mul: [i8; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    num_mul: u32,
+    elem: i8,
+}
+
+static VMSTATE_FOOA: VMStateDescription = VMStateDescription {
+    name: c"foo_a".as_ptr(),
+    version_id: 1,
+    minimum_version_id: 1,
+    fields: vmstate_fields! {
+        vmstate_of!(FooA, elem),
+        vmstate_unused!(size_of::<i64>()),
+        vmstate_of!(FooA, arr[0 .. num]).with_version_id(0),
+        vmstate_of!(FooA, arr_mul[0 .. num_mul * 16]),
+    },
+    ..Zeroable::ZERO
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_uint16() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOA.fields, 5) };
+
+    // 1st VMStateField ("elem") in VMSTATE_FOOA (corresponding to VMSTATE_UINT16)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[0].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"elem\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].offset, 16);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_int8 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].size, 1);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_SINGLE);
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_unused() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOA.fields, 5) };
+
+    // 2nd VMStateField ("unused") in VMSTATE_FOOA (corresponding to VMSTATE_UNUSED)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[1].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"unused\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_unused_buffer });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].size, 8);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_BUFFER);
+    assert!(foo_fields[1].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[1].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_varray_uint16_unsafe() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOA.fields, 5) };
+
+    // 3rd VMStateField ("arr") in VMSTATE_FOOA (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_VARRAY_UINT16_UNSAFE)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[2].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].num_offset, 4);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_uint8 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].size, 1);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_VARRAY_UINT16);
+    assert!(foo_fields[2].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[2].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_varray_multiply() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOA.fields, 5) };
+
+    // 4th VMStateField ("arr_mul") in VMSTATE_FOOA (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_VARRAY_MULTIPLY)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[3].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_mul\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].offset, 6);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].num_offset, 12);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_int8 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].size, 1);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].num, 16);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[3].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_VARRAY_UINT32.0 | VMStateFlags::VMS_MULTIPLY_ELEMENTS.0
+    );
+    assert!(foo_fields[3].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[3].field_exists.is_none());
+
+    // The last VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOA.
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_END);
+}
+
+// =========================== Test VMSTATE_FOOB ===========================
+// Test the use cases of the vmstate macro, corresponding to the following C
+// macro variants:
+//   * VMSTATE_FOOB:
+//     - VMSTATE_BOOL_V
+//     - VMSTATE_U64
+//     - VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT8
+//     - (no C version) MULTIPLY variant of VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT32
+//     - VMSTATE_ARRAY
+//     - VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT8 with BqlCell wrapper & test_fn
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct FooB {
+    arr_a: [FooA; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    num_a: u8,
+    arr_a_mul: [FooA; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    num_a_mul: u32,
+    wrap: BqlCell<u64>,
+    val: bool,
+    // FIXME: Use Timer array. Now we can't since it's hard to link savevm.c to test.
+    arr_i64: [i64; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    arr_a_wrap: [FooA; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    num_a_wrap: BqlCell<u32>,
+}
+
+fn validate_foob(_state: &FooB, _version_id: u8) -> bool {
+    true
+}
+
+static VMSTATE_FOOB: VMStateDescription = VMStateDescription {
+    name: c"foo_b".as_ptr(),
+    version_id: 2,
+    minimum_version_id: 1,
+    fields: vmstate_fields! {
+        vmstate_of!(FooB, val).with_version_id(2),
+        vmstate_of!(FooB, wrap),
+        vmstate_struct!(FooB, arr_a[0 .. num_a], &VMSTATE_FOOA, FooA).with_version_id(1),
+        vmstate_struct!(FooB, arr_a_mul[0 .. num_a_mul * 32], &VMSTATE_FOOA, FooA).with_version_id(2),
+        vmstate_of!(FooB, arr_i64),
+        vmstate_struct!(FooB, arr_a_wrap[0 .. num_a_wrap], &VMSTATE_FOOA, FooA, validate_foob),
+    },
+    ..Zeroable::ZERO
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_bool_v() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOB.fields, 7) };
+
+    // 1st VMStateField ("val") in VMSTATE_FOOB (corresponding to VMSTATE_BOOL_V)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[0].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"val\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].offset, 136);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_bool });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].version_id, 2);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].size, 1);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_SINGLE);
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_uint64() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOB.fields, 7) };
+
+    // 2nd VMStateField ("wrap") in VMSTATE_FOOB (corresponding to VMSTATE_U64)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[1].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"wrap\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].offset, 128);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_uint64 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].size, 8);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[1].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_SINGLE);
+    assert!(foo_fields[1].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[1].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_struct_varray_uint8() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOB.fields, 7) };
+
+    // 3rd VMStateField ("arr_a") in VMSTATE_FOOB (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT8)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[2].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_a\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].num_offset, 60);
+    assert!(foo_fields[2].info.is_null()); // VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT8 doesn't set info field.
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].version_id, 1);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].size, 20);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[2].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_STRUCT.0 | VMStateFlags::VMS_VARRAY_UINT8.0
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].vmsd, &VMSTATE_FOOA);
+    assert!(foo_fields[2].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_struct_varray_uint32_multiply() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOB.fields, 7) };
+
+    // 4th VMStateField ("arr_a_mul") in VMSTATE_FOOB (corresponding to
+    // (no C version) MULTIPLY variant of VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT32)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[3].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_a_mul\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].offset, 64);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].num_offset, 124);
+    assert!(foo_fields[3].info.is_null()); // VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT8 doesn't set info field.
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].version_id, 2);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].size, 20);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].num, 32);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[3].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_STRUCT.0
+            | VMStateFlags::VMS_VARRAY_UINT32.0
+            | VMStateFlags::VMS_MULTIPLY_ELEMENTS.0
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].vmsd, &VMSTATE_FOOA);
+    assert!(foo_fields[3].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_macro_array() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOB.fields, 7) };
+
+    // 5th VMStateField ("arr_i64") in VMSTATE_FOOB (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_ARRAY)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[4].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_i64\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].offset, 144);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_int64 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].size, 8);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].num, FOO_ARRAY_MAX as i32);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_ARRAY);
+    assert!(foo_fields[4].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[4].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_struct_varray_uint8_wrapper() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOB.fields, 7) };
+    let mut foo_b: FooB = Default::default();
+    let foo_b_p = std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(foo_b).cast::<c_void>();
+
+    // 6th VMStateField ("arr_a_wrap") in VMSTATE_FOOB (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_UINT8). Other fields are checked in
+    // test_vmstate_struct_varray_uint8.
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[5].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_a_wrap\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[5].num_offset, 228);
+    assert!(unsafe { foo_fields[5].field_exists.unwrap()(foo_b_p, 0) });
+
+    // The last VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOB.
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[6].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_END);
+}
+
+// =========================== Test VMSTATE_FOOC ===========================
+// Test the use cases of the vmstate macro, corresponding to the following C
+// macro variants:
+//   * VMSTATE_FOOC:
+//     - VMSTATE_POINTER
+//     - VMSTATE_ARRAY_OF_POINTER
+struct FooCWrapper([Opaque<*mut u8>; FOO_ARRAY_MAX]); // Though Opaque<> array is almost impossible.
+
+impl_vmstate_forward!(FooCWrapper);
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct FooC {
+    ptr: *const i32,
+    ptr_a: NonNull<FooA>,
+    arr_ptr: [Box<u8>; FOO_ARRAY_MAX],
+    arr_ptr_wrap: FooCWrapper,
+}
+
+static VMSTATE_FOOC: VMStateDescription = VMStateDescription {
+    name: c"foo_c".as_ptr(),
+    version_id: 3,
+    minimum_version_id: 1,
+    fields: vmstate_fields! {
+        vmstate_of!(FooC, ptr).with_version_id(2),
+        // FIXME: Currently vmstate_struct doesn't support the pointer to structure.
+        // VMSTATE_STRUCT_POINTER: vmstate_struct!(FooC, ptr_a, VMSTATE_FOOA, NonNull<FooA>)
+        vmstate_unused!(size_of::<NonNull<FooA>>()),
+        vmstate_of!(FooC, arr_ptr),
+        vmstate_of!(FooC, arr_ptr_wrap),
+    },
+    ..Zeroable::ZERO
+};
+
+const PTR_SIZE: usize = size_of::<*mut ()>();
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_pointer() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOC.fields, 6) };
+
+    // 1st VMStateField ("ptr") in VMSTATE_FOOC (corresponding to VMSTATE_POINTER)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[0].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"ptr\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_int32 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].version_id, 2);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].size, 4);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[0].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_SINGLE.0 | VMStateFlags::VMS_POINTER.0
+    );
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_macro_array_of_pointer() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOC.fields, 6) };
+
+    // 3rd VMStateField ("arr_ptr") in VMSTATE_FOOC (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_ARRAY_OF_POINTER)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[2].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_ptr\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].offset, 2 * PTR_SIZE);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_uint8 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].size, PTR_SIZE);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[2].num, FOO_ARRAY_MAX as i32);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[2].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_ARRAY.0 | VMStateFlags::VMS_ARRAY_OF_POINTER.0
+    );
+    assert!(foo_fields[2].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[2].field_exists.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_macro_array_of_pointer_wrapped() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOC.fields, 6) };
+
+    // 4th VMStateField ("arr_ptr_wrap") in VMSTATE_FOOC (corresponding to
+    // VMSTATE_ARRAY_OF_POINTER)
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[3].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"arr_ptr_wrap\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].offset, (FOO_ARRAY_MAX + 2) * PTR_SIZE);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].num_offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].info, unsafe { &vmstate_info_uint8 });
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].size, PTR_SIZE);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].num, FOO_ARRAY_MAX as i32);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[3].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_ARRAY.0 | VMStateFlags::VMS_ARRAY_OF_POINTER.0
+    );
+    assert!(foo_fields[3].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(foo_fields[3].field_exists.is_none());
+
+    // The last VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOC.
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[4].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_END);
+}
+
+// =========================== Test VMSTATE_FOOD ===========================
+// Test the use cases of the vmstate macro, corresponding to the following C
+// macro variants:
+//   * VMSTATE_FOOD:
+//     - VMSTATE_VALIDATE
+
+// Add more member fields when vmstate_of/vmstate_struct support "test"
+// parameter.
+struct FooD;
+
+impl FooD {
+    fn validate_food_0(&self, _version_id: u8) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn validate_food_1(_state: &FooD, _version_id: u8) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_food_2(_state: &FooD, _version_id: u8) -> bool {
+    true
+}
+
+static VMSTATE_FOOD: VMStateDescription = VMStateDescription {
+    name: c"foo_d".as_ptr(),
+    version_id: 3,
+    minimum_version_id: 1,
+    fields: vmstate_fields! {
+        vmstate_validate!(FooD, c"foo_d_0", FooD::validate_food_0),
+        vmstate_validate!(FooD, c"foo_d_1", FooD::validate_food_1),
+        vmstate_validate!(FooD, c"foo_d_2", validate_food_2),
+    },
+    ..Zeroable::ZERO
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vmstate_validate() {
+    let foo_fields: &[VMStateField] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(VMSTATE_FOOD.fields, 4) };
+    let mut foo_d = FooD;
+    let foo_d_p = std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(foo_d).cast::<c_void>();
+
+    // 1st VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOD
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[0].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"foo_d_0\0"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].offset, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num_offset, 0);
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].info.is_null());
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].version_id, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].size, 0);
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[0].num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(
+        foo_fields[0].flags.0,
+        VMStateFlags::VMS_ARRAY.0 | VMStateFlags::VMS_MUST_EXIST.0
+    );
+    assert!(foo_fields[0].vmsd.is_null());
+    assert!(unsafe { foo_fields[0].field_exists.unwrap()(foo_d_p, 0) });
+
+    // 2nd VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOD
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[1].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"foo_d_1\0"
+    );
+    assert!(!unsafe { foo_fields[1].field_exists.unwrap()(foo_d_p, 1) });
+
+    // 3rd VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOD
+    assert_eq!(
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(foo_fields[2].name) }.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        b"foo_d_2\0"
+    );
+    assert!(unsafe { foo_fields[2].field_exists.unwrap()(foo_d_p, 2) });
+
+    // The last VMStateField in VMSTATE_FOOD.
+    assert_eq!(foo_fields[3].flags, VMStateFlags::VMS_END);
+}