diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/qemu-block-drivers.texi | 72 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/qemu-cpu-models.texi | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | qemu-doc.texi | 81 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | qemu-options.hx | 128 |
4 files changed, 149 insertions, 142 deletions
diff --git a/docs/qemu-block-drivers.texi b/docs/qemu-block-drivers.texi index c02547e..2c7ea49 100644 --- a/docs/qemu-block-drivers.texi +++ b/docs/qemu-block-drivers.texi @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ QEMU block driver reference manual @c man end +@set qemu_system qemu-system-x86_64 + @c man begin DESCRIPTION @node disk_images_formats @@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ QEMU can automatically create a virtual FAT disk image from a directory tree. In order to use it, just type: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -hdb fat:/my_directory +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -hdb fat:/my_directory @end example Then you access access to all the files in the @file{/my_directory} @@ -415,14 +417,14 @@ them via SAMBA or NFS. The default access is @emph{read-only}. Floppies can be emulated with the @code{:floppy:} option: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -fda fat:floppy:/my_directory +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -fda fat:floppy:/my_directory @end example A read/write support is available for testing (beta stage) with the @code{:rw:} option: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -fda fat:floppy:rw:/my_directory +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -fda fat:floppy:rw:/my_directory @end example What you should @emph{never} do: @@ -440,14 +442,14 @@ QEMU can access directly to block device exported using the Network Block Device protocol. @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -hdb nbd://my_nbd_server.mydomain.org:1024/ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -hdb nbd://my_nbd_server.mydomain.org:1024/ @end example If the NBD server is located on the same host, you can use an unix socket instead of an inet socket: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -hdb nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/my_socket +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -hdb nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/my_socket @end example In this case, the block device must be exported using qemu-nbd: @@ -464,23 +466,23 @@ qemu-nbd --socket=/tmp/my_socket --share=2 my_disk.qcow2 @noindent and then you can use it with two guests: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux1.img -hdb nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/my_socket -qemu-system-i386 linux2.img -hdb nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/my_socket +@value{qemu_system} linux1.img -hdb nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/my_socket +@value{qemu_system} linux2.img -hdb nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/my_socket @end example If the nbd-server uses named exports (supported since NBD 2.9.18, or with QEMU's own embedded NBD server), you must specify an export name in the URI: @example -qemu-system-i386 -cdrom nbd://localhost/debian-500-ppc-netinst -qemu-system-i386 -cdrom nbd://localhost/openSUSE-11.1-ppc-netinst +@value{qemu_system} -cdrom nbd://localhost/debian-500-ppc-netinst +@value{qemu_system} -cdrom nbd://localhost/openSUSE-11.1-ppc-netinst @end example The URI syntax for NBD is supported since QEMU 1.3. An alternative syntax is also available. Here are some example of the older syntax: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -hdb nbd:my_nbd_server.mydomain.org:1024 -qemu-system-i386 linux2.img -hdb nbd:unix:/tmp/my_socket -qemu-system-i386 -cdrom nbd:localhost:10809:exportname=debian-500-ppc-netinst +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -hdb nbd:my_nbd_server.mydomain.org:1024 +@value{qemu_system} linux2.img -hdb nbd:unix:/tmp/my_socket +@value{qemu_system} -cdrom nbd:localhost:10809:exportname=debian-500-ppc-netinst @end example @node disk_images_sheepdog @@ -505,7 +507,7 @@ qemu-img convert @var{filename} sheepdog:///@var{image} You can boot from the Sheepdog disk image with the command: @example -qemu-system-i386 sheepdog:///@var{image} +@value{qemu_system} sheepdog:///@var{image} @end example You can also create a snapshot of the Sheepdog image like qcow2. @@ -517,7 +519,7 @@ where @var{tag} is a tag name of the newly created snapshot. To boot from the Sheepdog snapshot, specify the tag name of the snapshot. @example -qemu-system-i386 sheepdog:///@var{image}#@var{tag} +@value{qemu_system} sheepdog:///@var{image}#@var{tag} @end example You can create a cloned image from the existing snapshot. @@ -530,14 +532,14 @@ is its tag name. You can use an unix socket instead of an inet socket: @example -qemu-system-i386 sheepdog+unix:///@var{image}?socket=@var{path} +@value{qemu_system} sheepdog+unix:///@var{image}?socket=@var{path} @end example If the Sheepdog daemon doesn't run on the local host, you need to specify one of the Sheepdog servers to connect to. @example qemu-img create sheepdog://@var{hostname}:@var{port}/@var{image} @var{size} -qemu-system-i386 sheepdog://@var{hostname}:@var{port}/@var{image} +@value{qemu_system} sheepdog://@var{hostname}:@var{port}/@var{image} @end example @node disk_images_iscsi @@ -627,7 +629,7 @@ cat >iscsi.conf <<EOF header-digest = "CRC32C" EOF -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://127.0.0.1/iqn.qemu.test/1 \ +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=iscsi://127.0.0.1/iqn.qemu.test/1 \ -readconfig iscsi.conf @end example @@ -646,7 +648,7 @@ tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode logicalunit --op new --tid 1 --lun 2 \ -b /IMAGES/cd.iso --device-type=cd tgtadm --lld iscsi --op bind --mode target --tid 1 -I ALL -qemu-system-i386 -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.qemu.test:my-initiator \ +@value{qemu_system} -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.qemu.test:my-initiator \ -boot d -drive file=iscsi://127.0.0.1/iqn.qemu.test/1 \ -cdrom iscsi://127.0.0.1/iqn.qemu.test/2 @end example @@ -659,11 +661,11 @@ GlusterFS is a user space distributed file system. You can boot from the GlusterFS disk image with the command: @example URI: -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster[+@var{type}]://[@var{host}[:@var{port}]]/@var{volume}/@var{path} +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster[+@var{type}]://[@var{host}[:@var{port}]]/@var{volume}/@var{path} [?socket=...][,file.debug=9][,file.logfile=...] JSON: -qemu-system-x86_64 'json:@{"driver":"qcow2", +@value{qemu_system} 'json:@{"driver":"qcow2", "file":@{"driver":"gluster", "volume":"testvol","path":"a.img","debug":9,"logfile":"...", "server":[@{"type":"tcp","host":"...","port":"..."@}, @@ -711,22 +713,22 @@ qemu-img create gluster://@var{host}/@var{volume}/@var{path} @var{size} Examples @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster://1.2.3.4/testvol/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+tcp://1.2.3.4/testvol/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+tcp://1.2.3.4:24007/testvol/dir/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+tcp://[1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]/testvol/dir/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+tcp://[1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:24007/testvol/dir/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+tcp://server.domain.com:24007/testvol/dir/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+unix:///testvol/dir/a.img?socket=/tmp/glusterd.socket -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster+rdma://1.2.3.4:24007/testvol/a.img -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=gluster://1.2.3.4/testvol/a.img,file.debug=9,file.logfile=/var/log/qemu-gluster.log -qemu-system-x86_64 'json:@{"driver":"qcow2", +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster://1.2.3.4/testvol/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+tcp://1.2.3.4/testvol/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+tcp://1.2.3.4:24007/testvol/dir/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+tcp://[1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]/testvol/dir/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+tcp://[1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:24007/testvol/dir/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+tcp://server.domain.com:24007/testvol/dir/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+unix:///testvol/dir/a.img?socket=/tmp/glusterd.socket +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster+rdma://1.2.3.4:24007/testvol/a.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=gluster://1.2.3.4/testvol/a.img,file.debug=9,file.logfile=/var/log/qemu-gluster.log +@value{qemu_system} 'json:@{"driver":"qcow2", "file":@{"driver":"gluster", "volume":"testvol","path":"a.img", "debug":9,"logfile":"/var/log/qemu-gluster.log", "server":[@{"type":"tcp","host":"1.2.3.4","port":24007@}, @{"type":"unix","socket":"/var/run/glusterd.socket"@}]@}@}' -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive driver=qcow2,file.driver=gluster,file.volume=testvol,file.path=/path/a.img, +@value{qemu_system} -drive driver=qcow2,file.driver=gluster,file.volume=testvol,file.path=/path/a.img, file.debug=9,file.logfile=/var/log/qemu-gluster.log, file.server.0.type=tcp,file.server.0.host=1.2.3.4,file.server.0.port=24007, file.server.1.type=unix,file.server.1.socket=/var/run/glusterd.socket @@ -739,13 +741,13 @@ You can access disk images located on a remote ssh server by using the ssh protocol: @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=ssh://[@var{user}@@]@var{server}[:@var{port}]/@var{path}[?host_key_check=@var{host_key_check}] +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=ssh://[@var{user}@@]@var{server}[:@var{port}]/@var{path}[?host_key_check=@var{host_key_check}] @end example Alternative syntax using properties: @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file.driver=ssh[,file.user=@var{user}],file.host=@var{server}[,file.port=@var{port}],file.path=@var{path}[,file.host_key_check=@var{host_key_check}] +@value{qemu_system} -drive file.driver=ssh[,file.user=@var{user}],file.host=@var{server}[,file.port=@var{port}],file.path=@var{path}[,file.host_key_check=@var{host_key_check}] @end example @var{ssh} is the protocol. @@ -808,13 +810,13 @@ driver. For example: # echo 0000:06:0d.0 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:06:0d.0/driver/unbind # echo 1102 0002 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id -# qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=nvme://@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func}/@var{namespace} +# @value{qemu_system} -drive file=nvme://@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func}/@var{namespace} @end example Alternative syntax using properties: @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file.driver=nvme,file.device=@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func},file.namespace=@var{namespace} +@value{qemu_system} -drive file.driver=nvme,file.device=@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func},file.namespace=@var{namespace} @end example @var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func} is the NVMe controller's PCI device diff --git a/docs/qemu-cpu-models.texi b/docs/qemu-cpu-models.texi index ad040cf..f88a1de 100644 --- a/docs/qemu-cpu-models.texi +++ b/docs/qemu-cpu-models.texi @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ QEMU / KVM CPU model configuration @c man end +@set qemu_system_x86 qemu-system-x86_64 + @c man begin DESCRIPTION @menu @@ -578,25 +580,25 @@ CPU models / features in QEMU and libvirt @item Host passthrough @example - $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu host + $ @value{qemu_system_x86} -cpu host @end example With feature customization: @example - $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu host,-vmx,... + $ @value{qemu_system_x86} -cpu host,-vmx,... @end example @item Named CPU models @example - $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu Westmere + $ @value{qemu_system_x86} -cpu Westmere @end example With feature customization: @example - $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu Westmere,+pcid,... + $ @value{qemu_system_x86} -cpu Westmere,+pcid,... @end example @end table diff --git a/qemu-doc.texi b/qemu-doc.texi index 577d1e8..b2654c7 100644 --- a/qemu-doc.texi +++ b/qemu-doc.texi @@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ @paragraphindent 0 @c %**end of header +@set qemu_system qemu-system-x86_64 +@set qemu_system_x86 qemu-system-x86_64 + @ifinfo @direntry * QEMU: (qemu-doc). The QEMU Emulator User Documentation. @@ -207,12 +210,12 @@ Note that, by default, GUS shares IRQ(7) with parallel ports and so QEMU must be told to not have parallel ports to have working GUS. @example -qemu-system-i386 dos.img -soundhw gus -parallel none +@value{qemu_system_x86} dos.img -soundhw gus -parallel none @end example Alternatively: @example -qemu-system-i386 dos.img -device gus,irq=5 +@value{qemu_system_x86} dos.img -device gus,irq=5 @end example Or some other unclaimed IRQ. @@ -225,10 +228,11 @@ CS4231A is the chip used in Windows Sound System and GUSMAX products @section Quick Start @cindex quick start -Download and uncompress the linux image (@file{linux.img}) and type: +Download and uncompress a hard disk image with Linux installed (e.g. +@file{linux.img}) and type: @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img +@value{qemu_system} linux.img @end example Linux should boot and give you a prompt. @@ -238,7 +242,7 @@ Linux should boot and give you a prompt. @example @c man begin SYNOPSIS -@command{qemu-system-i386} [@var{options}] [@var{disk_image}] +@command{@value{qemu_system}} [@var{options}] [@var{disk_image}] @c man end @end example @@ -278,21 +282,21 @@ is specified in seconds. The default is 0 which means no timeout. Libiscsi Example (without authentication): @example -qemu-system-i386 -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.2001-04.com.example:my-initiator \ +@value{qemu_system} -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.2001-04.com.example:my-initiator \ -cdrom iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/2 \ -drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 @end example Example (CHAP username/password via URL): @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://user%password@@192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=iscsi://user%password@@192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 @end example Example (CHAP username/password via environment variables): @example LIBISCSI_CHAP_USERNAME="user" \ LIBISCSI_CHAP_PASSWORD="password" \ -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 @end example @item NBD @@ -307,12 +311,12 @@ Syntax for specifying a NBD device using Unix Domain Sockets Example for TCP @example -qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:192.0.2.1:30000 +@value{qemu_system} --drive file=nbd:192.0.2.1:30000 @end example Example for Unix Domain Sockets @example -qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:unix:/tmp/nbd-socket +@value{qemu_system} --drive file=nbd:unix:/tmp/nbd-socket @end example @item SSH @@ -320,8 +324,8 @@ QEMU supports SSH (Secure Shell) access to remote disks. Examples: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=ssh://user@@host/path/to/disk.img -qemu-system-i386 -drive file.driver=ssh,file.user=user,file.host=host,file.port=22,file.path=/path/to/disk.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=ssh://user@@host/path/to/disk.img +@value{qemu_system} -drive file.driver=ssh,file.user=user,file.host=host,file.port=22,file.path=/path/to/disk.img @end example Currently authentication must be done using ssh-agent. Other @@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ sheepdog[+tcp|+unix]://[host:port]/vdiname[?socket=path][#snapid|#tag] Example @example -qemu-system-i386 --drive file=sheepdog://192.0.2.1:30000/MyVirtualMachine +@value{qemu_system} --drive file=sheepdog://192.0.2.1:30000/MyVirtualMachine @end example See also @url{https://sheepdog.github.io/sheepdog/}. @@ -365,17 +369,17 @@ JSON: Example @example URI: -qemu-system-x86_64 --drive file=gluster://192.0.2.1/testvol/a.img, +@value{qemu_system} --drive file=gluster://192.0.2.1/testvol/a.img, @ file.debug=9,file.logfile=/var/log/qemu-gluster.log JSON: -qemu-system-x86_64 'json:@{"driver":"qcow2", +@value{qemu_system} 'json:@{"driver":"qcow2", @ "file":@{"driver":"gluster", @ "volume":"testvol","path":"a.img", @ "debug":9,"logfile":"/var/log/qemu-gluster.log", @ "server":[@{"type":"tcp","host":"1.2.3.4","port":24007@}, @ @{"type":"unix","socket":"/var/run/glusterd.socket"@}]@}@}' -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive driver=qcow2,file.driver=gluster,file.volume=testvol,file.path=/path/a.img, +@value{qemu_system} -drive driver=qcow2,file.driver=gluster,file.volume=testvol,file.path=/path/a.img, @ file.debug=9,file.logfile=/var/log/qemu-gluster.log, @ file.server.0.type=tcp,file.server.0.host=1.2.3.4,file.server.0.port=24007, @ file.server.1.type=unix,file.server.1.socket=/var/run/glusterd.socket @@ -440,9 +444,9 @@ of <protocol>. Example: boot from a remote Fedora 20 live ISO image @example -qemu-system-x86_64 --drive media=cdrom,file=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Live/x86_64/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso,readonly +@value{qemu_system_x86} --drive media=cdrom,file=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Live/x86_64/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso,readonly -qemu-system-x86_64 --drive media=cdrom,file.driver=http,file.url=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Live/x86_64/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso,readonly +@value{qemu_system_x86} --drive media=cdrom,file.driver=http,file.url=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Live/x86_64/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso,readonly @end example Example: boot from a remote Fedora 20 cloud image using a local overlay for @@ -450,7 +454,7 @@ writes, copy-on-read, and a readahead of 64k @example qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file='json:@{"file.driver":"http",, "file.url":"https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Images/x86_64/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2",, "file.readahead":"64k"@}' /tmp/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2 -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=/tmp/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2,copy-on-read=on +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=/tmp/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2,copy-on-read=on @end example Example: boot from an image stored on a VMware vSphere server with a self-signed @@ -459,7 +463,7 @@ of 10 seconds. @example qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file='json:@{"file.driver":"https",, "file.url":"https://user:password@@vsphere.example.com/folder/test/test-flat.vmdk?dcPath=Datacenter&dsName=datastore1",, "file.sslverify":"off",, "file.readahead":"64k",, "file.timeout":10@}' /tmp/test.qcow2 -qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=/tmp/test.qcow2 +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=/tmp/test.qcow2 @end example @end table @@ -826,7 +830,7 @@ On Linux hosts, a shared memory device is available. The basic syntax is: @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -device ivshmem-plain,memdev=@var{hostmem} +@value{qemu_system_x86} -device ivshmem-plain,memdev=@var{hostmem} @end example where @var{hostmem} names a host memory backend. For a POSIX shared @@ -847,7 +851,7 @@ memory server is: ivshmem-server -p @var{pidfile} -S @var{path} -m @var{shm-name} -l @var{shm-size} -n @var{vectors} # Then start your qemu instances with matching arguments -qemu-system-x86_64 -device ivshmem-doorbell,vectors=@var{vectors},chardev=@var{id} +@value{qemu_system_x86} -device ivshmem-doorbell,vectors=@var{vectors},chardev=@var{id} -chardev socket,path=@var{path},id=@var{id} @end example @@ -872,7 +876,7 @@ Instead of specifying the <shm size> using POSIX shm, you may specify a memory backend that has hugepage support: @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -object memory-backend-file,size=1G,mem-path=/dev/hugepages/my-shmem-file,share,id=mb1 +@value{qemu_system_x86} -object memory-backend-file,size=1G,mem-path=/dev/hugepages/my-shmem-file,share,id=mb1 -device ivshmem-plain,memdev=mb1 @end example @@ -888,7 +892,7 @@ kernel testing. The syntax is: @example -qemu-system-i386 -kernel arch/i386/boot/bzImage -hda root-2.4.20.img -append "root=/dev/hda" +@value{qemu_system} -kernel bzImage -hda rootdisk.img -append "root=/dev/hda" @end example Use @option{-kernel} to provide the Linux kernel image and @@ -903,7 +907,7 @@ If you do not need graphical output, you can disable it and redirect the virtual serial port and the QEMU monitor to the console with the @option{-nographic} option. The typical command line is: @example -qemu-system-i386 -kernel arch/i386/boot/bzImage -hda root-2.4.20.img \ +@value{qemu_system} -kernel bzImage -hda rootdisk.img \ -append "root=/dev/hda console=ttyS0" -nographic @end example @@ -969,7 +973,7 @@ Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols. @var{id} specifies a netdev defined with @code{-netdev @dots{},id=@var{id}}. For instance, user-mode networking can be used with @example -qemu-system-i386 [...] -netdev user,id=net0 -device usb-net,netdev=net0 +@value{qemu_system} [...] -netdev user,id=net0 -device usb-net,netdev=net0 @end example @item usb-ccid Smartcard reader device @@ -988,7 +992,7 @@ no type is given, the HCI logic corresponds to @code{-bt hci,vlan=0}. This USB device implements the USB Transport Layer of HCI. Example usage: @example -@command{qemu-system-i386} [...@var{OPTIONS}...] @option{-usbdevice} bt:hci,vlan=3 @option{-bt} device:keyboard,vlan=3 +@command{@value{qemu_system}} [...@var{OPTIONS}...] @option{-usbdevice} bt:hci,vlan=3 @option{-bt} device:keyboard,vlan=3 @end example @end table @@ -1065,7 +1069,7 @@ For this setup it is recommended to restrict it to listen on a UNIX domain socket only. For example @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -vnc unix:/home/joebloggs/.qemu-myvm-vnc +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] -vnc unix:/home/joebloggs/.qemu-myvm-vnc @end example This ensures that only users on local box with read/write access to that @@ -1088,7 +1092,7 @@ is running the password is set with the monitor. Until the monitor is used to set the password all clients will be rejected. @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -vnc :1,password -monitor stdio +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] -vnc :1,password -monitor stdio (qemu) change vnc password Password: ******** (qemu) @@ -1105,7 +1109,7 @@ support provides a secure session, but no authentication. This allows any client to connect, and provides an encrypted session. @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] \ +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] \ -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=server,verify-peer=no \ -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0 -monitor stdio @end example @@ -1127,7 +1131,7 @@ same syntax as previously, but with @code{verify-peer} set to @code{yes} instead. @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] \ +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] \ -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0 -monitor stdio @end example @@ -1140,7 +1144,7 @@ Finally, the previous method can be combined with VNC password authentication to provide two layers of authentication for clients. @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] \ +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] \ -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0,password -monitor stdio (qemu) change vnc password @@ -1165,7 +1169,7 @@ used for authentication, but assuming use of one supporting SSF, then QEMU can be launched with: @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -vnc :1,sasl -monitor stdio +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] -vnc :1,sasl -monitor stdio @end example @node vnc_sec_certificate_sasl @@ -1179,7 +1183,7 @@ credentials. This can be enabled, by combining the 'sasl' option with the aforementioned TLS + x509 options: @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] \ +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] \ -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0,sasl -monitor stdio @end example @@ -1512,13 +1516,13 @@ To load server credentials with client certificate validation enabled @example -$QEMU -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=server +@value{qemu_system} -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=server @end example while to load client credentials use @example -$QEMU -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=client +@value{qemu_system} -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/etc/pki/qemu,endpoint=client @end example Network services which support TLS will all have a @code{tls-creds} @@ -1526,7 +1530,7 @@ parameter which expects the ID of the TLS credentials object. For example with VNC: @example -$QEMU -vnc 0.0.0.0:0,tls-creds=tls0 +@value{qemu_system} -vnc 0.0.0.0:0,tls-creds=tls0 @end example @node tls_psk @@ -1574,8 +1578,7 @@ QEMU has a primitive support to work with gdb, so that you can do In order to use gdb, launch QEMU with the '-s' option. It will wait for a gdb connection: @example -qemu-system-i386 -s -kernel arch/i386/boot/bzImage -hda root-2.4.20.img \ - -append "root=/dev/hda" +@value{qemu_system} -s -kernel bzImage -hda rootdisk.img -append "root=/dev/hda" Connected to host network interface: tun0 Waiting gdb connection on port 1234 @end example diff --git a/qemu-options.hx b/qemu-options.hx index b2ba7c5..bbfd936 100644 --- a/qemu-options.hx +++ b/qemu-options.hx @@ -254,10 +254,10 @@ This option defines a free-form string that can be used to describe @var{fd}. You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set: @example -qemu-system-i386 --add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" --add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" --drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk +@value{qemu_system} \ + -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \ + -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \ + -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk @end example ETEXI @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ STEXI Set default value of @var{driver}'s property @var{prop} to @var{value}, e.g.: @example -qemu-system-i386 -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img +@value{qemu_system_x86} -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img @end example In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices which are @@ -337,11 +337,11 @@ bootindex options. The default is non-strict boot. @example # try to boot from network first, then from hard disk -qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc +@value{qemu_system_x86} -boot order=nc # boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot -qemu-system-i386 -boot once=d +@value{qemu_system_x86} -boot once=d # boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds. -qemu-system-i386 -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000 +@value{qemu_system_x86} -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000 @end example Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ For example, the following command-line sets the guest startup RAM size to memory the guest can reach to 4GB: @example -qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G +@value{qemu_system} -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G @end example If @var{slots} and @var{maxmem} are not specified, memory hotplug won't @@ -666,15 +666,15 @@ STEXI @item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all @findex -soundhw Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use 'help' to print all -available sound hardware. +available sound hardware. For example: @example -qemu-system-i386 -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img -qemu-system-i386 -soundhw es1370 disk.img -qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img -qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img -qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img -qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help +@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img +@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw es1370 disk.img +@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw ac97 disk.img +@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw hda disk.img +@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw all disk.img +@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw help @end example Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might @@ -1149,50 +1149,50 @@ is off. Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom @end example Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can use: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk +@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk @end example You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set: @example -qemu-system-i386 --add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" --add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" --drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk +@value{qemu_system} \ + -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \ + -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \ + -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk @end example You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom @end example If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom @end example Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy @end example By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically incremented: @example -qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b" +@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=a -drive file=b" @end example is interpreted like: @example -qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b +@value{qemu_system_x86} -hda a -hdb b @end example ETEXI @@ -2272,8 +2272,8 @@ The following two example do exactly the same, to show how @option{-nic} can be used to shorten the command line length (note that the e1000 is the default on i386, so the @option{model=e1000} parameter could even be omitted here, too): @example -qemu-system-i386 -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 -qemu-system-i386 -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 +@value{qemu_system} -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 +@value{qemu_system} -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 @end example @item -nic none @@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ can not be resolved. Example: @example -qemu-system-i386 -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org +@value{qemu_system} -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org @end example @item domainname=@var{domain} @@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@ a guest from a local directory. Example (using pxelinux): @example -qemu-system-i386 -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \ +@value{qemu_system} -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \ -netdev user,id=n1,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0 @end example @@ -2402,7 +2402,7 @@ screen 0, use the following: @example # on the host -qemu-system-i386 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 +@value{qemu_system} -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server xterm -display :1 @end example @@ -2412,7 +2412,7 @@ the guest, use the following: @example # on the host -qemu-system-i386 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 +@value{qemu_system} -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 telnet localhost 5555 @end example @@ -2431,7 +2431,7 @@ lifetime, like in the following example: @example # open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever # the guest accesses it -qemu-system-i386 -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 +@value{qemu_system} -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 @end example Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established by the guest, @@ -2440,7 +2440,7 @@ so that QEMU behaves similar to an inetd process for that virtual server: @example # call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234 # and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout -qemu-system-i386 -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321' +@value{qemu_system} -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321' @end example @end table @@ -2467,13 +2467,13 @@ Examples: @example #launch a QEMU instance with the default network script -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -nic tap +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -nic tap @end example @example #launch a QEMU instance with two NICs, each one connected #to a TAP device -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0 -device e1000,netdev=nd0 \ -netdev tap,id=nd1,ifname=tap1 -device rtl8139,netdev=nd1 @end example @@ -2481,7 +2481,7 @@ qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ @example #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to #connect a TAP device to bridge br0 -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \ -netdev tap,id=n1,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper" @end example @@ -2498,13 +2498,13 @@ Examples: @example #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to #connect a TAP device to bridge br0 -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 @end example @example #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to #connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0 -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 @end example @item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}] @@ -2519,11 +2519,11 @@ specifies an already opened TCP socket. Example: @example # launch a first QEMU instance -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ -netdev socket,id=n1,listen=:1234 # connect the network of this instance to the network of the first instance -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ -netdev socket,id=n2,connect=127.0.0.1:1234 @end example @@ -2548,15 +2548,15 @@ Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket. Example: @example # launch one QEMU instance -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 # launch another QEMU instance on same "bus" -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ -netdev socket,id=n2,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 # launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus" -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n3,mac=52:54:00:12:34:58 \ -netdev socket,id=n3,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 @end example @@ -2564,7 +2564,7 @@ qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ Example (User Mode Linux compat.): @example # launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected is UML's default) -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102 # launch UML @@ -2573,7 +2573,7 @@ qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4): @example -qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img \ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4 @end example @@ -2633,7 +2633,7 @@ brctl addif br-lan vmtunnel0 # on 4.3.2.1 # launch QEMU instance - if your network has reorder or is very lossy add ,pincounter -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \ +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \ -netdev l2tpv3,id=n1,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter @end example @@ -2650,7 +2650,7 @@ Example: # launch vde switch vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch # launch QEMU instance -qemu-system-i386 linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch +@value{qemu_system} linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch @end example @item -netdev vhost-user,chardev=@var{id}[,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n] @@ -3107,7 +3107,7 @@ and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can be used as following: @example -qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5 +@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5 @end example @item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}] @@ -3601,7 +3601,7 @@ connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start QEMU from within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe: @example -(gdb) target remote | exec qemu-system-i386 -gdb stdio ... +(gdb) target remote | exec @value{qemu_system} -gdb stdio ... @end example ETEXI @@ -4578,7 +4578,7 @@ which specify the queue number of cryptodev backend, the default of @example - # qemu-system-x86_64 \ + # @value{qemu_system} \ [...] \ -object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=cryptodev0 \ -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \ @@ -4598,7 +4598,7 @@ of cryptodev backend for multiqueue vhost-user, the default of @var{queues} is 1 @example - # qemu-system-x86_64 \ + # @value{qemu_system} \ [...] \ -chardev socket,id=chardev0,path=/path/to/socket \ -object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=cryptodev0,chardev=chardev0 \ @@ -4634,14 +4634,14 @@ The simplest (insecure) usage is to provide the secret inline @example - # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw + # @value{qemu_system} -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw @end example The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file # printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt - # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw + # @value{qemu_system} -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate usage, consider the openssl command line tool which can encrypt the data. Note @@ -4677,7 +4677,7 @@ and specify that to be used to decrypt the user password. Pass the contents of @code{iv.b64} to the second secret @example - # $QEMU \ + # @value{qemu_system} \ -object secret,id=secmaster0,format=base64,file=key.b64 \ -object secret,id=sec0,keyid=secmaster0,format=base64,\ data=$SECRET,iv=$(<iv.b64) @@ -4720,7 +4720,7 @@ negotiate keys used for attestation. The file must be encoded in base64. e.g to launch a SEV guest @example - # $QEMU \ + # @value{qemu_system_x86} \ ...... -object sev-guest,id=sev0,cbitpos=47,reduced-phys-bits=5 \ -machine ...,memory-encryption=sev0 @@ -4742,7 +4742,7 @@ any commas in the distinguished name. An example authorization object to validate a x509 distinguished name would look like: @example - # $QEMU \ + # @value{qemu_system} \ ... -object 'authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB' \ ... @@ -4791,7 +4791,7 @@ a TLS x509 distinguished name, or a SASL username. An example authorization object to validate a SASL username would look like: @example - # $QEMU \ + # @value{qemu_system} \ ... -object authz-simple,id=auth0,filename=/etc/qemu/vnc-sasl.acl,refresh=yes ... @@ -4809,7 +4809,7 @@ An example authorization object to validate a TLS x509 distinguished name would look like: @example - # $QEMU \ + # @value{qemu_system} \ ... -object authz-pam,id=auth0,service=qemu-vnc ... |