audio: make playback packet length calculation exact

Introduce the new function st_rate_frames_in() to calculate the
exact number of audio input frames needed to get a given number
of audio output frames. The exact number of frames depends only
on the difference of opos - ipos and the number of output frames.
When downsampling, this function returns the maximum number of
input frames needed.

This new function replaces the audio_frontend_frames_out() function,
which calculated the average number of input frames rounded down
to the nearest integer. Because audio_frontend_frames_out() also
limited the number of input frames to the size of the resample
buffer, st_rate_frames_in() is not a direct replacement and two
additional MIN() functions are needed. One to prevent resample
buffer overflows and one to limit the available bytes for the audio
frontends.

After this patch the audio packet length calculation for playback is
exact. When upsampling, it's still possible that the audio frontends
can't write the last audio frame. This will be fixed later.

Acked-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Volker Rümelin <vr_qemu@t-online.de>
Message-Id: <20230224190555.7409-9-vr_qemu@t-online.de>

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