Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/mst/tags/for_upstream' into staging

virtio,vhost,pci,pc: features, fixes and cleanups

- new stats in virtio balloon
- virtio eventfd rework for boot speedup
- vhost memory rework for boot speedup
- fixes and cleanups all over the place

Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>

# gpg: Signature made Tue 13 Feb 2018 16:29:55 GMT
# gpg:                using RSA key 281F0DB8D28D5469
# gpg: Good signature from "Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org>"
# gpg:                 aka "Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>"
# Primary key fingerprint: 0270 606B 6F3C DF3D 0B17  0970 C350 3912 AFBE 8E67
#      Subkey fingerprint: 5D09 FD08 71C8 F85B 94CA  8A0D 281F 0DB8 D28D 5469

* remotes/mst/tags/for_upstream: (22 commits)
  virtio-balloon: include statistics of disk/file caches
  acpi-test: update FADT
  lpc: drop pcie host dependency
  tests: acpi: fix FADT not being compared to reference table
  hw/pci-bridge: fix pcie root port's IO hints capability
  libvhost-user: Support across-memory-boundary access
  libvhost-user: Fix resource leak
  virtio-balloon: unref the memory region before continuing
  pci: removed the is_express field since a uniform interface was inserted
  virtio-blk: enable multiple vectors when using multiple I/O queues
  pci/bus: let it has higher migration priority
  pci-bridge/i82801b11: clear bridge registers on platform reset
  vhost: Move log_dirty check
  vhost: Merge and delete unused callbacks
  vhost: Clean out old vhost_set_memory and friends
  vhost: Regenerate region list from changed sections list
  vhost: Merge sections added to temporary list
  vhost: Simplify ring verification checks
  vhost: Build temporary section list and deref after commit
  virtio: improve virtio devices initialization time
  ...

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

26 files changed, 281 insertions, 367 deletions

diff --git a/hw/block/dataplane/virtio-blk.c b/hw/block/dataplane/virtio-blk.c
index f6fc639..2cb9909 100644
--- a/hw/block/dataplane/virtio-blk.c
+++ b/hw/block/dataplane/virtio-blk.c
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ int virtio_blk_data_plane_start(VirtIODevice *vdev)
             fprintf(stderr, "virtio-blk failed to set host notifier (%d)\n", r);
             while (i--) {
                 virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i, false);
+                virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i);
             }
             goto fail_guest_notifiers;
         }
@@ -267,6 +268,7 @@ void virtio_blk_data_plane_stop(VirtIODevice *vdev)
 
     for (i = 0; i < nvqs; i++) {
         virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i, false);
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i);
     }
 
     /* Clean up guest notifier (irq) */
diff --git a/hw/block/nvme.c b/hw/block/nvme.c
index 51a58fe..85d2406 100644
--- a/hw/block/nvme.c
+++ b/hw/block/nvme.c
@@ -1360,7 +1360,6 @@ static void nvme_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     pc->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     pc->device_id = 0x5845;
     pc->revision = 2;
-    pc->is_express = 1;
 
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
     dc->desc = "Non-Volatile Memory Express";
diff --git a/hw/isa/lpc_ich9.c b/hw/isa/lpc_ich9.c
index adcf077..e692b9f 100644
--- a/hw/isa/lpc_ich9.c
+++ b/hw/isa/lpc_ich9.c
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 #include "hw/isa/apm.h"
 #include "hw/i386/ioapic.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
-#include "hw/pci/pcie_host.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci_bridge.h"
 #include "hw/i386/ich9.h"
 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
diff --git a/hw/net/e1000e.c b/hw/net/e1000e.c
index 191398a..16a9417 100644
--- a/hw/net/e1000e.c
+++ b/hw/net/e1000e.c
@@ -675,7 +675,6 @@ static void e1000e_class_init(ObjectClass *class, void *data)
     c->revision = 0;
     c->romfile = "efi-e1000e.rom";
     c->class_id = PCI_CLASS_NETWORK_ETHERNET;
-    c->is_express = 1;
 
     dc->desc = "Intel 82574L GbE Controller";
     dc->reset = e1000e_qdev_reset;
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/gen_pcie_root_port.c b/hw/pci-bridge/gen_pcie_root_port.c
index 3dbacc6..d117e20 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/gen_pcie_root_port.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/gen_pcie_root_port.c
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ static void gen_rp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_rp_dev = {
     .name = "pcie-root-port",
+    .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
     .version_id = 1,
     .minimum_version_id = 1,
     .post_load = pcie_cap_slot_post_load,
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/i82801b11.c b/hw/pci-bridge/i82801b11.c
index f557b12..10e590e 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/i82801b11.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/i82801b11.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ err_bridge:
 
 static const VMStateDescription i82801b11_bridge_dev_vmstate = {
     .name = "i82801b11_bridge",
+    .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
         VMSTATE_PCI_DEVICE(parent_obj, PCIBridge),
         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ static void i82801b11_bridge_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->realize = i82801b11_bridge_realize;
     k->config_write = pci_bridge_write_config;
     dc->vmsd = &i82801b11_bridge_dev_vmstate;
+    dc->reset = pci_bridge_reset;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_BRIDGE, dc->categories);
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/ioh3420.c b/hw/pci-bridge/ioh3420.c
index 79fa84d..a451d74 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/ioh3420.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/ioh3420.c
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ static void ioh3420_interrupts_uninit(PCIDevice *d)
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_ioh3420 = {
     .name = "ioh-3240-express-root-port",
+    .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
     .version_id = 1,
     .minimum_version_id = 1,
     .post_load = pcie_cap_slot_post_load,
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/pci_bridge_dev.c b/hw/pci-bridge/pci_bridge_dev.c
index d56f663..b2d861d 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/pci_bridge_dev.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/pci_bridge_dev.c
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ static bool pci_device_shpc_present(void *opaque, int version_id)
 
 static const VMStateDescription pci_bridge_dev_vmstate = {
     .name = "pci_bridge",
+    .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
         VMSTATE_PCI_DEVICE(parent_obj, PCIBridge),
         SHPC_VMSTATE(shpc, PCIDevice, pci_device_shpc_present),
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_pci_bridge.c b/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_pci_bridge.c
index a4d827c..04cf5a6 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_pci_bridge.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_pci_bridge.c
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ static Property pcie_pci_bridge_dev_properties[] = {
 
 static const VMStateDescription pcie_pci_bridge_dev_vmstate = {
         .name = TYPE_PCIE_PCI_BRIDGE_DEV,
+        .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
         .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
             VMSTATE_PCI_DEVICE(parent_obj, PCIBridge),
             SHPC_VMSTATE(shpc, PCIDevice, NULL),
@@ -169,7 +170,6 @@ static void pcie_pci_bridge_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     HotplugHandlerClass *hc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->is_express = 1;
     k->is_bridge = 1;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_PCIE_BRIDGE;
@@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ static void pcie_pci_bridge_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->config_write = pcie_pci_bridge_write_config;
     dc->vmsd = &pcie_pci_bridge_dev_vmstate;
     dc->props = pcie_pci_bridge_dev_properties;
-    dc->vmsd = &pcie_pci_bridge_dev_vmstate;
     dc->reset = &pcie_pci_bridge_reset;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_BRIDGE, dc->categories);
     hc->plug = pcie_pci_bridge_hotplug_cb;
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_root_port.c b/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_root_port.c
index 9b6e4ce..45f9e8c 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_root_port.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/pcie_root_port.c
@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ static void rp_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->is_express = 1;
     k->is_bridge = 1;
     k->config_write = rp_write_config;
     k->realize = rp_realize;
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_downstream.c b/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_downstream.c
index 1e09d2a..b202657 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_downstream.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_downstream.c
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ static Property xio3130_downstream_props[] = {
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_xio3130_downstream = {
     .name = "xio3130-express-downstream-port",
+    .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
     .version_id = 1,
     .minimum_version_id = 1,
     .post_load = pcie_cap_slot_post_load,
@@ -177,7 +178,6 @@ static void xio3130_downstream_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->is_express = 1;
     k->is_bridge = 1;
     k->config_write = xio3130_downstream_write_config;
     k->realize = xio3130_downstream_realize;
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_upstream.c b/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_upstream.c
index df56925..bca2f9a 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_upstream.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/xio3130_upstream.c
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ PCIEPort *xio3130_upstream_init(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, bool multifunction,
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_xio3130_upstream = {
     .name = "xio3130-express-upstream-port",
+    .priority = MIG_PRI_PCI_BUS,
     .version_id = 1,
     .minimum_version_id = 1,
     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
@@ -147,7 +148,6 @@ static void xio3130_upstream_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->is_express = 1;
     k->is_bridge = 1;
     k->config_write = xio3130_upstream_write_config;
     k->realize = xio3130_upstream_realize;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/xilinx-pcie.c b/hw/pci-host/xilinx-pcie.c
index 53b561f..044e312 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/xilinx-pcie.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/xilinx-pcie.c
@@ -297,7 +297,6 @@ static void xilinx_pcie_root_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->device_id = 0x7021;
     k->revision = 0;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST;
-    k->is_express = true;
     k->is_bridge = true;
     k->realize = xilinx_pcie_root_realize;
     k->exit = pci_bridge_exitfn;
diff --git a/hw/pci/pci.c b/hw/pci/pci.c
index 239f73d..e006b6a 100644
--- a/hw/pci/pci.c
+++ b/hw/pci/pci.c
@@ -2007,11 +2007,15 @@ static void pci_qdev_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIDevice *pci_dev = (PCIDevice *)qdev;
     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
+    ObjectClass *klass = OBJECT_CLASS(pc);
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     bool is_default_rom;
 
-    /* initialize cap_present for pci_is_express() and pci_config_size() */
-    if (pc->is_express) {
+    /* initialize cap_present for pci_is_express() and pci_config_size(),
+     * Note that hybrid PCIs are not set automatically and need to manage
+     * QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS manually */
+    if (object_class_dynamic_cast(klass, INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE) &&
+       !object_class_dynamic_cast(klass, INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE)) {
         pci_dev->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/pci/pci_bridge.c b/hw/pci/pci_bridge.c
index b2e50c3..40a39f5 100644
--- a/hw/pci/pci_bridge.c
+++ b/hw/pci/pci_bridge.c
@@ -412,22 +412,36 @@ void pci_bridge_map_irq(PCIBridge *br, const char* bus_name,
 
 int pci_bridge_qemu_reserve_cap_init(PCIDevice *dev, int cap_offset,
                                      uint32_t bus_reserve, uint64_t io_reserve,
-                                     uint32_t mem_non_pref_reserve,
-                                     uint32_t mem_pref_32_reserve,
+                                     uint64_t mem_non_pref_reserve,
+                                     uint64_t mem_pref_32_reserve,
                                      uint64_t mem_pref_64_reserve,
                                      Error **errp)
 {
-    if (mem_pref_32_reserve != (uint32_t)-1 &&
+    if (mem_pref_32_reserve != (uint64_t)-1 &&
         mem_pref_64_reserve != (uint64_t)-1) {
         error_setg(errp,
                    "PCI resource reserve cap: PREF32 and PREF64 conflict");
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
+    if (mem_non_pref_reserve != (uint64_t)-1 &&
+        mem_non_pref_reserve >= (1ULL << 32)) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+                   "PCI resource reserve cap: mem-reserve must be less than 4G");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (mem_pref_32_reserve != (uint64_t)-1 &&
+        mem_pref_32_reserve >= (1ULL << 32)) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+                   "PCI resource reserve cap: pref32-reserve  must be less than 4G");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
     if (bus_reserve == (uint32_t)-1 &&
         io_reserve == (uint64_t)-1 &&
-        mem_non_pref_reserve == (uint32_t)-1 &&
-        mem_pref_32_reserve == (uint32_t)-1 &&
+        mem_non_pref_reserve == (uint64_t)-1 &&
+        mem_pref_32_reserve == (uint64_t)-1 &&
         mem_pref_64_reserve == (uint64_t)-1) {
         return 0;
     }
diff --git a/hw/scsi/megasas.c b/hw/scsi/megasas.c
index 3e38e9e..ba1afa3 100644
--- a/hw/scsi/megasas.c
+++ b/hw/scsi/megasas.c
@@ -2447,7 +2447,6 @@ typedef struct MegasasInfo {
     uint16_t subsystem_id;
     int ioport_bar;
     int mmio_bar;
-    bool is_express;
     int osts;
     const VMStateDescription *vmsd;
     Property *props;
@@ -2465,7 +2464,6 @@ static struct MegasasInfo megasas_devices[] = {
         .ioport_bar = 2,
         .mmio_bar = 0,
         .osts = MFI_1078_RM | 1,
-        .is_express = false,
         .vmsd = &vmstate_megasas_gen1,
         .props = megasas_properties_gen1,
         .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
@@ -2482,7 +2480,6 @@ static struct MegasasInfo megasas_devices[] = {
         .ioport_bar = 0,
         .mmio_bar = 1,
         .osts = MFI_GEN2_RM,
-        .is_express = true,
         .vmsd = &vmstate_megasas_gen2,
         .props = megasas_properties_gen2,
         .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
@@ -2506,7 +2503,6 @@ static void megasas_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     pc->subsystem_vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_LSI_LOGIC;
     pc->subsystem_id = info->subsystem_id;
     pc->class_id = PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_RAID;
-    pc->is_express = info->is_express;
     e->mmio_bar = info->mmio_bar;
     e->ioport_bar = info->ioport_bar;
     e->osts = info->osts;
diff --git a/hw/scsi/virtio-scsi-dataplane.c b/hw/scsi/virtio-scsi-dataplane.c
index add4b3f..1c33322 100644
--- a/hw/scsi/virtio-scsi-dataplane.c
+++ b/hw/scsi/virtio-scsi-dataplane.c
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ fail_vrings:
     aio_context_release(s->ctx);
     for (i = 0; i < vs->conf.num_queues + 2; i++) {
         virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i, false);
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i);
     }
     k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent, vs->conf.num_queues + 2, false);
 fail_guest_notifiers:
@@ -213,6 +214,7 @@ void virtio_scsi_dataplane_stop(VirtIODevice *vdev)
 
     for (i = 0; i < vs->conf.num_queues + 2; i++) {
         virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i, false);
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), i);
     }
 
     /* Clean up guest notifier (irq) */
diff --git a/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c b/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c
index 228e82b..721beb5 100644
--- a/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c
+++ b/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c
@@ -3649,6 +3649,13 @@ static Property xhci_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
+static void xhci_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    /* QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS initialization does not depend on QEMU command
+     * line, therefore, no need to wait to realize like other devices */
+    PCI_DEVICE(obj)->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
+}
+
 static void xhci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
@@ -3661,7 +3668,6 @@ static void xhci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->realize      = usb_xhci_realize;
     k->exit         = usb_xhci_exit;
     k->class_id     = PCI_CLASS_SERIAL_USB;
-    k->is_express   = 1;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo xhci_info = {
@@ -3669,6 +3675,7 @@ static const TypeInfo xhci_info = {
     .parent        = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(XHCIState),
     .class_init    = xhci_class_init,
+    .instance_init = xhci_instance_init,
     .abstract      = true,
     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
         { INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE },
diff --git a/hw/vfio/pci.c b/hw/vfio/pci.c
index f02b3aa..033cc8d 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/pci.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci.c
@@ -3114,6 +3114,10 @@ static void vfio_instance_init(Object *obj)
     vdev->host.function = ~0U;
 
     vdev->nv_gpudirect_clique = 0xFF;
+
+    /* QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS initialization does not depend on QEMU command
+     * line, therefore, no need to wait to realize like other devices */
+    pci_dev->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
 }
 
 static Property vfio_pci_dev_properties[] = {
@@ -3172,7 +3176,6 @@ static void vfio_pci_dev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     pdc->exit = vfio_exitfn;
     pdc->config_read = vfio_pci_read_config;
     pdc->config_write = vfio_pci_write_config;
-    pdc->is_express = 1; /* We might be */
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo vfio_pci_dev_info = {
diff --git a/hw/virtio/trace-events b/hw/virtio/trace-events
index 2b8f81e..742ff0f 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/trace-events
+++ b/hw/virtio/trace-events
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # See docs/devel/tracing.txt for syntax documentation.
 
+# hw/virtio/vhost.c
+vhost_commit(bool started, bool changed) "Started: %d Changed: %d"
+vhost_region_add_section(const char *name, uint64_t gpa, uint64_t size, uint64_t host) "%s: 0x%"PRIx64"+0x%"PRIx64" @ 0x%"PRIx64
+vhost_region_add_section_abut(const char *name, uint64_t new_size) "%s: 0x%"PRIx64
+vhost_section(const char *name, int r) "%s:%d"
+
 # hw/virtio/virtio.c
 virtqueue_alloc_element(void *elem, size_t sz, unsigned in_num, unsigned out_num) "elem %p size %zd in_num %u out_num %u"
 virtqueue_fill(void *vq, const void *elem, unsigned int len, unsigned int idx) "vq %p elem %p len %u idx %u"
@@ -25,9 +31,3 @@ virtio_balloon_handle_output(const char *name, uint64_t gpa) "section name: %s g
 virtio_balloon_get_config(uint32_t num_pages, uint32_t actual) "num_pages: %d actual: %d"
 virtio_balloon_set_config(uint32_t actual, uint32_t oldactual) "actual: %d oldactual: %d"
 virtio_balloon_to_target(uint64_t target, uint32_t num_pages) "balloon target: 0x%"PRIx64" num_pages: %d"
-
-# hw/virtio/vhost.c
-vhost_region_add(void *p, const char *mr) "dev %p mr %s"
-vhost_region_del(void *p, const char *mr) "dev %p mr %s"
-vhost_iommu_region_add(void *p, const char *mr) "dev %p mr %s"
-vhost_iommu_region_del(void *p, const char *mr) "dev %p mr %s"
diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost.c b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
index 338e439..4a44e6e 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/vhost.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
@@ -156,160 +156,6 @@ static void vhost_log_sync_range(struct vhost_dev *dev,
     }
 }
 
-/* Assign/unassign. Keep an unsorted array of non-overlapping
- * memory regions in dev->mem. */
-static void vhost_dev_unassign_memory(struct vhost_dev *dev,
-                                      uint64_t start_addr,
-                                      uint64_t size)
-{
-    int from, to, n = dev->mem->nregions;
-    /* Track overlapping/split regions for sanity checking. */
-    int overlap_start = 0, overlap_end = 0, overlap_middle = 0, split = 0;
-
-    for (from = 0, to = 0; from < n; ++from, ++to) {
-        struct vhost_memory_region *reg = dev->mem->regions + to;
-        uint64_t reglast;
-        uint64_t memlast;
-        uint64_t change;
-
-        /* clone old region */
-        if (to != from) {
-            memcpy(reg, dev->mem->regions + from, sizeof *reg);
-        }
-
-        /* No overlap is simple */
-        if (!ranges_overlap(reg->guest_phys_addr, reg->memory_size,
-                            start_addr, size)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        /* Split only happens if supplied region
-         * is in the middle of an existing one. Thus it can not
-         * overlap with any other existing region. */
-        assert(!split);
-
-        reglast = range_get_last(reg->guest_phys_addr, reg->memory_size);
-        memlast = range_get_last(start_addr, size);
-
-        /* Remove whole region */
-        if (start_addr <= reg->guest_phys_addr && memlast >= reglast) {
-            --dev->mem->nregions;
-            --to;
-            ++overlap_middle;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        /* Shrink region */
-        if (memlast >= reglast) {
-            reg->memory_size = start_addr - reg->guest_phys_addr;
-            assert(reg->memory_size);
-            assert(!overlap_end);
-            ++overlap_end;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        /* Shift region */
-        if (start_addr <= reg->guest_phys_addr) {
-            change = memlast + 1 - reg->guest_phys_addr;
-            reg->memory_size -= change;
-            reg->guest_phys_addr += change;
-            reg->userspace_addr += change;
-            assert(reg->memory_size);
-            assert(!overlap_start);
-            ++overlap_start;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        /* This only happens if supplied region
-         * is in the middle of an existing one. Thus it can not
-         * overlap with any other existing region. */
-        assert(!overlap_start);
-        assert(!overlap_end);
-        assert(!overlap_middle);
-        /* Split region: shrink first part, shift second part. */
-        memcpy(dev->mem->regions + n, reg, sizeof *reg);
-        reg->memory_size = start_addr - reg->guest_phys_addr;
-        assert(reg->memory_size);
-        change = memlast + 1 - reg->guest_phys_addr;
-        reg = dev->mem->regions + n;
-        reg->memory_size -= change;
-        assert(reg->memory_size);
-        reg->guest_phys_addr += change;
-        reg->userspace_addr += change;
-        /* Never add more than 1 region */
-        assert(dev->mem->nregions == n);
-        ++dev->mem->nregions;
-        ++split;
-    }
-}
-
-/* Called after unassign, so no regions overlap the given range. */
-static void vhost_dev_assign_memory(struct vhost_dev *dev,
-                                    uint64_t start_addr,
-                                    uint64_t size,
-                                    uint64_t uaddr)
-{
-    int from, to;
-    struct vhost_memory_region *merged = NULL;
-    for (from = 0, to = 0; from < dev->mem->nregions; ++from, ++to) {
-        struct vhost_memory_region *reg = dev->mem->regions + to;
-        uint64_t prlast, urlast;
-        uint64_t pmlast, umlast;
-        uint64_t s, e, u;
-
-        /* clone old region */
-        if (to != from) {
-            memcpy(reg, dev->mem->regions + from, sizeof *reg);
-        }
-        prlast = range_get_last(reg->guest_phys_addr, reg->memory_size);
-        pmlast = range_get_last(start_addr, size);
-        urlast = range_get_last(reg->userspace_addr, reg->memory_size);
-        umlast = range_get_last(uaddr, size);
-
-        /* check for overlapping regions: should never happen. */
-        assert(prlast < start_addr || pmlast < reg->guest_phys_addr);
-        /* Not an adjacent or overlapping region - do not merge. */
-        if ((prlast + 1 != start_addr || urlast + 1 != uaddr) &&
-            (pmlast + 1 != reg->guest_phys_addr ||
-             umlast + 1 != reg->userspace_addr)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (dev->vhost_ops->vhost_backend_can_merge &&
-            !dev->vhost_ops->vhost_backend_can_merge(dev, uaddr, size,
-                                                     reg->userspace_addr,
-                                                     reg->memory_size)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (merged) {
-            --to;
-            assert(to >= 0);
-        } else {
-            merged = reg;
-        }
-        u = MIN(uaddr, reg->userspace_addr);
-        s = MIN(start_addr, reg->guest_phys_addr);
-        e = MAX(pmlast, prlast);
-        uaddr = merged->userspace_addr = u;
-        start_addr = merged->guest_phys_addr = s;
-        size = merged->memory_size = e - s + 1;
-        assert(merged->memory_size);
-    }
-
-    if (!merged) {
-        struct vhost_memory_region *reg = dev->mem->regions + to;
-        memset(reg, 0, sizeof *reg);
-        reg->memory_size = size;
-        assert(reg->memory_size);
-        reg->guest_phys_addr = start_addr;
-        reg->userspace_addr = uaddr;
-        ++to;
-    }
-    assert(to <= dev->mem->nregions + 1);
-    dev->mem->nregions = to;
-}
-
 static uint64_t vhost_get_log_size(struct vhost_dev *dev)
 {
     uint64_t log_size = 0;
@@ -456,35 +302,37 @@ static void vhost_memory_unmap(struct vhost_dev *dev, void *buffer,
     }
 }
 
-static int vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(struct vhost_dev *dev,
-                                          void *part,
-                                          uint64_t part_addr,
-                                          uint64_t part_size,
-                                          uint64_t start_addr,
-                                          uint64_t size)
+static int vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(void *ring_hva,
+                                          uint64_t ring_gpa,
+                                          uint64_t ring_size,
+                                          void *reg_hva,
+                                          uint64_t reg_gpa,
+                                          uint64_t reg_size)
 {
-    hwaddr l;
-    void *p;
-    int r = 0;
+    uint64_t hva_ring_offset;
+    uint64_t ring_last = range_get_last(ring_gpa, ring_size);
+    uint64_t reg_last = range_get_last(reg_gpa, reg_size);
 
-    if (!ranges_overlap(start_addr, size, part_addr, part_size)) {
+    if (ring_last < reg_gpa || ring_gpa > reg_last) {
         return 0;
     }
-    l = part_size;
-    p = vhost_memory_map(dev, part_addr, &l, 1);
-    if (!p || l != part_size) {
-        r = -ENOMEM;
+    /* check that whole ring's is mapped */
+    if (ring_last > reg_last) {
+        return -ENOMEM;
     }
-    if (p != part) {
-        r = -EBUSY;
+    /* check that ring's MemoryRegion wasn't replaced */
+    hva_ring_offset = ring_gpa - reg_gpa;
+    if (ring_hva != reg_hva + hva_ring_offset) {
+        return -EBUSY;
     }
-    vhost_memory_unmap(dev, p, l, 0, 0);
-    return r;
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static int vhost_verify_ring_mappings(struct vhost_dev *dev,
-                                      uint64_t start_addr,
-                                      uint64_t size)
+                                      void *reg_hva,
+                                      uint64_t reg_gpa,
+                                      uint64_t reg_size)
 {
     int i, j;
     int r = 0;
@@ -498,22 +346,25 @@ static int vhost_verify_ring_mappings(struct vhost_dev *dev,
         struct vhost_virtqueue *vq = dev->vqs + i;
 
         j = 0;
-        r = vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(dev, vq->desc, vq->desc_phys,
-                                           vq->desc_size, start_addr, size);
+        r = vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(
+                vq->desc, vq->desc_phys, vq->desc_size,
+                reg_hva, reg_gpa, reg_size);
         if (r) {
             break;
         }
 
         j++;
-        r = vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(dev, vq->avail, vq->avail_phys,
-                                           vq->avail_size, start_addr, size);
+        r = vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(
+                vq->desc, vq->desc_phys, vq->desc_size,
+                reg_hva, reg_gpa, reg_size);
         if (r) {
             break;
         }
 
         j++;
-        r = vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(dev, vq->used, vq->used_phys,
-                                           vq->used_size, start_addr, size);
+        r = vhost_verify_ring_part_mapping(
+                vq->desc, vq->desc_phys, vq->desc_size,
+                reg_hva, reg_gpa, reg_size);
         if (r) {
             break;
         }
@@ -527,134 +378,95 @@ static int vhost_verify_ring_mappings(struct vhost_dev *dev,
     return r;
 }
 
-static struct vhost_memory_region *vhost_dev_find_reg(struct vhost_dev *dev,
-						      uint64_t start_addr,
-						      uint64_t size)
-{
-    int i, n = dev->mem->nregions;
-    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        struct vhost_memory_region *reg = dev->mem->regions + i;
-        if (ranges_overlap(reg->guest_phys_addr, reg->memory_size,
-                           start_addr, size)) {
-            return reg;
-        }
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static bool vhost_dev_cmp_memory(struct vhost_dev *dev,
-                                 uint64_t start_addr,
-                                 uint64_t size,
-                                 uint64_t uaddr)
-{
-    struct vhost_memory_region *reg = vhost_dev_find_reg(dev, start_addr, size);
-    uint64_t reglast;
-    uint64_t memlast;
-
-    if (!reg) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    reglast = range_get_last(reg->guest_phys_addr, reg->memory_size);
-    memlast = range_get_last(start_addr, size);
-
-    /* Need to extend region? */
-    if (start_addr < reg->guest_phys_addr || memlast > reglast) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    /* userspace_addr changed? */
-    return uaddr != reg->userspace_addr + start_addr - reg->guest_phys_addr;
-}
-
-static void vhost_set_memory(MemoryListener *listener,
-                             MemoryRegionSection *section,
-                             bool add)
-{
-    struct vhost_dev *dev = container_of(listener, struct vhost_dev,
-                                         memory_listener);
-    hwaddr start_addr = section->offset_within_address_space;
-    ram_addr_t size = int128_get64(section->size);
-    bool log_dirty =
-        memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(section->mr) & ~(1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
-    int s = offsetof(struct vhost_memory, regions) +
-        (dev->mem->nregions + 1) * sizeof dev->mem->regions[0];
-    void *ram;
-
-    dev->mem = g_realloc(dev->mem, s);
-
-    if (log_dirty) {
-        add = false;
-    }
-
-    assert(size);
-
-    /* Optimize no-change case. At least cirrus_vga does this a lot at this time. */
-    ram = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) + section->offset_within_region;
-    if (add) {
-        if (!vhost_dev_cmp_memory(dev, start_addr, size, (uintptr_t)ram)) {
-            /* Region exists with same address. Nothing to do. */
-            return;
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (!vhost_dev_find_reg(dev, start_addr, size)) {
-            /* Removing region that we don't access. Nothing to do. */
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    vhost_dev_unassign_memory(dev, start_addr, size);
-    if (add) {
-        /* Add given mapping, merging adjacent regions if any */
-        vhost_dev_assign_memory(dev, start_addr, size, (uintptr_t)ram);
-    } else {
-        /* Remove old mapping for this memory, if any. */
-        vhost_dev_unassign_memory(dev, start_addr, size);
-    }
-    dev->mem_changed_start_addr = MIN(dev->mem_changed_start_addr, start_addr);
-    dev->mem_changed_end_addr = MAX(dev->mem_changed_end_addr, start_addr + size - 1);
-    dev->memory_changed = true;
-    used_memslots = dev->mem->nregions;
-}
-
 static bool vhost_section(MemoryRegionSection *section)
 {
-    return memory_region_is_ram(section->mr) &&
+    bool result;
+    bool log_dirty = memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(section->mr) &
+                     ~(1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
+    result = memory_region_is_ram(section->mr) &&
         !memory_region_is_rom(section->mr);
+
+    /* Vhost doesn't handle any block which is doing dirty-tracking other
+     * than migration; this typically fires on VGA areas.
+     */
+    result &= !log_dirty;
+
+    trace_vhost_section(section->mr->name, result);
+    return result;
 }
 
 static void vhost_begin(MemoryListener *listener)
 {
     struct vhost_dev *dev = container_of(listener, struct vhost_dev,
                                          memory_listener);
-    dev->mem_changed_end_addr = 0;
-    dev->mem_changed_start_addr = -1;
+    dev->tmp_sections = NULL;
+    dev->n_tmp_sections = 0;
 }
 
 static void vhost_commit(MemoryListener *listener)
 {
     struct vhost_dev *dev = container_of(listener, struct vhost_dev,
                                          memory_listener);
-    hwaddr start_addr = 0;
-    ram_addr_t size = 0;
+    MemoryRegionSection *old_sections;
+    int n_old_sections;
     uint64_t log_size;
+    size_t regions_size;
     int r;
+    int i;
+    bool changed = false;
 
-    if (!dev->memory_changed) {
-        return;
+    /* Note we can be called before the device is started, but then
+     * starting the device calls set_mem_table, so we need to have
+     * built the data structures.
+     */
+    old_sections = dev->mem_sections;
+    n_old_sections = dev->n_mem_sections;
+    dev->mem_sections = dev->tmp_sections;
+    dev->n_mem_sections = dev->n_tmp_sections;
+
+    if (dev->n_mem_sections != n_old_sections) {
+        changed = true;
+    } else {
+        /* Same size, lets check the contents */
+        changed = n_old_sections && memcmp(dev->mem_sections, old_sections,
+                         n_old_sections * sizeof(old_sections[0])) != 0;
     }
-    if (!dev->started) {
-        return;
+
+    trace_vhost_commit(dev->started, changed);
+    if (!changed) {
+        goto out;
     }
-    if (dev->mem_changed_start_addr > dev->mem_changed_end_addr) {
-        return;
+
+    /* Rebuild the regions list from the new sections list */
+    regions_size = offsetof(struct vhost_memory, regions) +
+                       dev->n_mem_sections * sizeof dev->mem->regions[0];
+    dev->mem = g_realloc(dev->mem, regions_size);
+    dev->mem->nregions = dev->n_mem_sections;
+    used_memslots = dev->mem->nregions;
+    for (i = 0; i < dev->n_mem_sections; i++) {
+        struct vhost_memory_region *cur_vmr = dev->mem->regions + i;
+        struct MemoryRegionSection *mrs = dev->mem_sections + i;
+
+        cur_vmr->guest_phys_addr = mrs->offset_within_address_space;
+        cur_vmr->memory_size     = int128_get64(mrs->size);
+        cur_vmr->userspace_addr  =
+            (uintptr_t)memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mrs->mr) +
+            mrs->offset_within_region;
+        cur_vmr->flags_padding   = 0;
     }
 
-    if (dev->started) {
-        start_addr = dev->mem_changed_start_addr;
-        size = dev->mem_changed_end_addr - dev->mem_changed_start_addr + 1;
+    if (!dev->started) {
+        goto out;
+    }
 
-        r = vhost_verify_ring_mappings(dev, start_addr, size);
-        assert(r >= 0);
+    for (i = 0; i < dev->mem->nregions; i++) {
+        if (vhost_verify_ring_mappings(dev,
+                       (void *)(uintptr_t)dev->mem->regions[i].userspace_addr,
+                       dev->mem->regions[i].guest_phys_addr,
+                       dev->mem->regions[i].memory_size)) {
+            error_report("Verify ring failure on region %d", i);
+            abort();
+        }
     }
 
     if (!dev->log_enabled) {
@@ -662,8 +474,7 @@ static void vhost_commit(MemoryListener *listener)
         if (r < 0) {
             VHOST_OPS_DEBUG("vhost_set_mem_table failed");
         }
-        dev->memory_changed = false;
-        return;
+        goto out;
     }
     log_size = vhost_get_log_size(dev);
     /* We allocate an extra 4K bytes to log,
@@ -681,51 +492,91 @@ static void vhost_commit(MemoryListener *listener)
     if (dev->log_size > log_size + VHOST_LOG_BUFFER) {
         vhost_dev_log_resize(dev, log_size);
     }
-    dev->memory_changed = false;
+
+out:
+    /* Deref the old list of sections, this must happen _after_ the
+     * vhost_set_mem_table to ensure the client isn't still using the
+     * section we're about to unref.
+     */
+    while (n_old_sections--) {
+        memory_region_unref(old_sections[n_old_sections].mr);
+    }
+    g_free(old_sections);
+    return;
 }
 
-static void vhost_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
-                             MemoryRegionSection *section)
+/* Adds the section data to the tmp_section structure.
+ * It relies on the listener calling us in memory address order
+ * and for each region (via the _add and _nop methods) to
+ * join neighbours.
+ */
+static void vhost_region_add_section(struct vhost_dev *dev,
+                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
 {
-    struct vhost_dev *dev = container_of(listener, struct vhost_dev,
-                                         memory_listener);
-
-    if (!vhost_section(section)) {
-        return;
+    bool need_add = true;
+    uint64_t mrs_size = int128_get64(section->size);
+    uint64_t mrs_gpa = section->offset_within_address_space;
+    uintptr_t mrs_host = (uintptr_t)memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) +
+                         section->offset_within_region;
+
+    trace_vhost_region_add_section(section->mr->name, mrs_gpa, mrs_size,
+                                   mrs_host);
+
+    if (dev->n_tmp_sections) {
+        /* Since we already have at least one section, lets see if
+         * this extends it; since we're scanning in order, we only
+         * have to look at the last one, and the FlatView that calls
+         * us shouldn't have overlaps.
+         */
+        MemoryRegionSection *prev_sec = dev->tmp_sections +
+                                               (dev->n_tmp_sections - 1);
+        uint64_t prev_gpa_start = prev_sec->offset_within_address_space;
+        uint64_t prev_size = int128_get64(prev_sec->size);
+        uint64_t prev_gpa_end   = range_get_last(prev_gpa_start, prev_size);
+        uint64_t prev_host_start =
+                        (uintptr_t)memory_region_get_ram_ptr(prev_sec->mr) +
+                        prev_sec->offset_within_region;
+        uint64_t prev_host_end   = range_get_last(prev_host_start, prev_size);
+
+        if (prev_gpa_end + 1 == mrs_gpa &&
+            prev_host_end + 1 == mrs_host &&
+            section->mr == prev_sec->mr &&
+            (!dev->vhost_ops->vhost_backend_can_merge ||
+                dev->vhost_ops->vhost_backend_can_merge(dev,
+                    mrs_host, mrs_size,
+                    prev_host_start, prev_size))) {
+            /* The two sections abut */
+            need_add = false;
+            prev_sec->size = int128_add(prev_sec->size, section->size);
+            trace_vhost_region_add_section_abut(section->mr->name,
+                                                mrs_size + prev_size);
+        }
     }
 
-    trace_vhost_region_add(dev, section->mr->name ?: NULL);
-    ++dev->n_mem_sections;
-    dev->mem_sections = g_renew(MemoryRegionSection, dev->mem_sections,
-                                dev->n_mem_sections);
-    dev->mem_sections[dev->n_mem_sections - 1] = *section;
-    memory_region_ref(section->mr);
-    vhost_set_memory(listener, section, true);
+    if (need_add) {
+        ++dev->n_tmp_sections;
+        dev->tmp_sections = g_renew(MemoryRegionSection, dev->tmp_sections,
+                                    dev->n_tmp_sections);
+        dev->tmp_sections[dev->n_tmp_sections - 1] = *section;
+        /* The flatview isn't stable and we don't use it, making it NULL
+         * means we can memcmp the list.
+         */
+        dev->tmp_sections[dev->n_tmp_sections - 1].fv = NULL;
+        memory_region_ref(section->mr);
+    }
 }
 
-static void vhost_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
-                             MemoryRegionSection *section)
+/* Used for both add and nop callbacks */
+static void vhost_region_addnop(MemoryListener *listener,
+                                MemoryRegionSection *section)
 {
     struct vhost_dev *dev = container_of(listener, struct vhost_dev,
                                          memory_listener);
-    int i;
 
     if (!vhost_section(section)) {
         return;
     }
-
-    trace_vhost_region_del(dev, section->mr->name ?: NULL);
-    vhost_set_memory(listener, section, false);
-    memory_region_unref(section->mr);
-    for (i = 0; i < dev->n_mem_sections; ++i) {
-        if (dev->mem_sections[i].offset_within_address_space
-            == section->offset_within_address_space) {
-            --dev->n_mem_sections;
-            memmove(&dev->mem_sections[i], &dev->mem_sections[i+1],
-                    (dev->n_mem_sections - i) * sizeof(*dev->mem_sections));
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+    vhost_region_add_section(dev, section);
 }
 
 static void vhost_iommu_unmap_notify(IOMMUNotifier *n, IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb)
@@ -752,8 +603,6 @@ static void vhost_iommu_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
         return;
     }
 
-    trace_vhost_iommu_region_add(dev, section->mr->name ?: NULL);
-
     iommu = g_malloc0(sizeof(*iommu));
     end = int128_add(int128_make64(section->offset_within_region),
                      section->size);
@@ -782,8 +631,6 @@ static void vhost_iommu_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
         return;
     }
 
-    trace_vhost_iommu_region_del(dev, section->mr->name ?: NULL);
-
     QLIST_FOREACH(iommu, &dev->iommu_list, iommu_next) {
         if (iommu->mr == section->mr &&
             iommu->n.start == section->offset_within_region) {
@@ -796,11 +643,6 @@ static void vhost_iommu_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
     }
 }
 
-static void vhost_region_nop(MemoryListener *listener,
-                             MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-}
-
 static int vhost_virtqueue_set_addr(struct vhost_dev *dev,
                                     struct vhost_virtqueue *vq,
                                     unsigned idx, bool enable_log)
@@ -1305,9 +1147,8 @@ int vhost_dev_init(struct vhost_dev *hdev, void *opaque,
     hdev->memory_listener = (MemoryListener) {
         .begin = vhost_begin,
         .commit = vhost_commit,
-        .region_add = vhost_region_add,
-        .region_del = vhost_region_del,
-        .region_nop = vhost_region_nop,
+        .region_add = vhost_region_addnop,
+        .region_nop = vhost_region_addnop,
         .log_start = vhost_log_start,
         .log_stop = vhost_log_stop,
         .log_sync = vhost_log_sync,
@@ -1349,7 +1190,6 @@ int vhost_dev_init(struct vhost_dev *hdev, void *opaque,
     hdev->log_size = 0;
     hdev->log_enabled = false;
     hdev->started = false;
-    hdev->memory_changed = false;
     memory_listener_register(&hdev->memory_listener, &address_space_memory);
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vhost_devices, hdev, entry);
     return 0;
@@ -1425,6 +1265,7 @@ fail_vq:
             error_report("vhost VQ %d notifier cleanup error: %d", i, -r);
         }
         assert (e >= 0);
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), hdev->vq_index + i);
     }
     virtio_device_release_ioeventfd(vdev);
 fail:
@@ -1448,6 +1289,7 @@ void vhost_dev_disable_notifiers(struct vhost_dev *hdev, VirtIODevice *vdev)
             error_report("vhost VQ %d notifier cleanup failed: %d", i, -r);
         }
         assert (r >= 0);
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VIRTIO_BUS(qbus), hdev->vq_index + i);
     }
     virtio_device_release_ioeventfd(vdev);
 }
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-balloon.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-balloon.c
index e05df20..4822449 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-balloon.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-balloon.c
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ static const char *balloon_stat_names[] = {
    [VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MEMFREE] = "stat-free-memory",
    [VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MEMTOT] = "stat-total-memory",
    [VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_AVAIL] = "stat-available-memory",
+   [VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_CACHES] = "stat-disk-caches",
    [VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_NR] = NULL
 };
 
@@ -235,6 +236,7 @@ static void virtio_balloon_handle_output(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
                 memory_region_is_rom(section.mr) ||
                 memory_region_is_romd(section.mr)) {
                 trace_virtio_balloon_bad_addr(pa);
+                memory_region_unref(section.mr);
                 continue;
             }
 
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-bus.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-bus.c
index 3042232..f9bc9ea 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-bus.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-bus.c
@@ -283,20 +283,26 @@ int virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(VirtioBusState *bus, int n, bool assign)
         r = k->ioeventfd_assign(proxy, notifier, n, true);
         if (r < 0) {
             error_report("%s: unable to assign ioeventfd: %d", __func__, r);
-            goto cleanup_event_notifier;
+            virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(bus, n);
         }
-        return 0;
     } else {
         k->ioeventfd_assign(proxy, notifier, n, false);
     }
 
-cleanup_event_notifier:
+    return r;
+}
+
+void virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(VirtioBusState *bus, int n)
+{
+    VirtIODevice *vdev = virtio_bus_get_device(bus);
+    VirtQueue *vq = virtio_get_queue(vdev, n);
+    EventNotifier *notifier = virtio_queue_get_host_notifier(vq);
+
     /* Test and clear notifier after disabling event,
      * in case poll callback didn't have time to run.
      */
     virtio_queue_host_notifier_read(notifier);
     event_notifier_cleanup(notifier);
-    return r;
 }
 
 static char *virtio_bus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
index c20537f..b55dfcf 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
@@ -1932,7 +1932,8 @@ static Property virtio_blk_pci_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("class", VirtIOPCIProxy, class_code, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("ioeventfd", VirtIOPCIProxy, flags,
                     VIRTIO_PCI_FLAG_USE_IOEVENTFD_BIT, true),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("vectors", VirtIOPCIProxy, nvectors, 2),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("vectors", VirtIOPCIProxy, nvectors,
+                       DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
@@ -1941,6 +1942,10 @@ static void virtio_blk_pci_realize(VirtIOPCIProxy *vpci_dev, Error **errp)
     VirtIOBlkPCI *dev = VIRTIO_BLK_PCI(vpci_dev);
     DeviceState *vdev = DEVICE(&dev->vdev);
 
+    if (vpci_dev->nvectors == DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        vpci_dev->nvectors = dev->vdev.conf.num_queues + 1;
+    }
+
     qdev_set_parent_bus(vdev, BUS(&vpci_dev->bus));
     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(vdev), true, "realized", errp);
 }
@@ -1983,7 +1988,8 @@ static const TypeInfo virtio_blk_pci_info = {
 
 static Property vhost_user_blk_pci_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("class", VirtIOPCIProxy, class_code, 0),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("vectors", VirtIOPCIProxy, nvectors, 2),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("vectors", VirtIOPCIProxy, nvectors,
+                       DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
@@ -1992,6 +1998,10 @@ static void vhost_user_blk_pci_realize(VirtIOPCIProxy *vpci_dev, Error **errp)
     VHostUserBlkPCI *dev = VHOST_USER_BLK_PCI(vpci_dev);
     DeviceState *vdev = DEVICE(&dev->vdev);
 
+    if (vpci_dev->nvectors == DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        vpci_dev->nvectors = dev->vdev.num_queues + 1;
+    }
+
     qdev_set_parent_bus(vdev, BUS(&vpci_dev->bus));
     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(vdev), true, "realized", errp);
 }
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio.c b/hw/virtio/virtio.c
index d6002ee..006d3d1 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio.c
@@ -2572,8 +2572,9 @@ static Property virtio_properties[] = {
 static int virtio_device_start_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
 {
     VirtioBusState *qbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
-    int n, r, err;
+    int i, n, r, err;
 
+    memory_region_transaction_begin();
     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
@@ -2596,9 +2597,11 @@ static int virtio_device_start_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
         }
         event_notifier_set(&vq->host_notifier);
     }
+    memory_region_transaction_commit();
     return 0;
 
 assign_error:
+    i = n; /* save n for a second iteration after transaction is committed. */
     while (--n >= 0) {
         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
@@ -2609,6 +2612,14 @@ assign_error:
         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, false);
         assert(r >= 0);
     }
+    memory_region_transaction_commit();
+
+    while (--i >= 0) {
+        if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, i)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(qbus, i);
+    }
     return err;
 }
 
@@ -2625,6 +2636,7 @@ static void virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
     VirtioBusState *qbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
     int n, r;
 
+    memory_region_transaction_begin();
     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
 
@@ -2635,6 +2647,14 @@ static void virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, false);
         assert(r >= 0);
     }
+    memory_region_transaction_commit();
+
+    for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
+        if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(qbus, n);
+    }
 }
 
 void virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen_pt.c b/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
index f662f30..9b7a960 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
@@ -937,6 +937,13 @@ static Property xen_pci_passthrough_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
+static void xen_pci_passthrough_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    /* QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS initialization does not depend on QEMU command
+     * line, therefore, no need to wait to realize like other devices */
+    PCI_DEVICE(obj)->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
+}
+
 static void xen_pci_passthrough_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
@@ -946,7 +953,6 @@ static void xen_pci_passthrough_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->exit = xen_pt_unregister_device;
     k->config_read = xen_pt_pci_read_config;
     k->config_write = xen_pt_pci_write_config;
-    k->is_express = 1; /* We might be */
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
     dc->desc = "Assign an host PCI device with Xen";
     dc->props = xen_pci_passthrough_properties;
@@ -965,6 +971,7 @@ static const TypeInfo xen_pci_passthrough_info = {
     .instance_size = sizeof(XenPCIPassthroughState),
     .instance_finalize = xen_pci_passthrough_finalize,
     .class_init = xen_pci_passthrough_class_init,
+    .instance_init = xen_pci_passthrough_instance_init,
     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
         { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
         { INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE },