Merge tag 'hw-misc-20250216' of https://github.com/philmd/qemu into staging

Misc HW patches

- Use qemu_hexdump_line() in TPM backend (Philippe)
- Remove magic number in APIC (Phil)
- Disable thread-level cache topology (Zhao)
- Xen QOM style cleanups (Bernhard)
- Introduce TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE (Philippe)
- Invert logic of machine no_sdcard flag (Philippe)
- Housekeeping in MicroBlaze functional tests (Philippe)
- Prevent out-of-bound access in SMC91C111 RX path (Peter)
- Declare more fields / arguments as const (Philippe)
- Introduce EndianMode QAPI enum (Philippe)
- Make various Xilinx devices endianness configurable (Philippe)
- Mark some devices memory regions as little-endian (Philippe)
- Allow execution RX gdbsim machine without BIOS/kernel (Keith)

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# gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Feb 2025 15:58:55 EST
# gpg:                using RSA key FAABE75E12917221DCFD6BB2E3E32C2CDEADC0DE
# gpg: Good signature from "Philippe Mathieu-Daudé (F4BUG) <f4bug@amsat.org>" [full]
# Primary key fingerprint: FAAB E75E 1291 7221 DCFD  6BB2 E3E3 2C2C DEAD C0DE

* tag 'hw-misc-20250216' of https://github.com/philmd/qemu: (39 commits)
  hw/rx: Allow execution without either bios or kernel
  hw/pci-host: Mark versatile regions as little-endian
  hw/mips: Mark Loonson3 Virt machine devices as little-endian
  hw/mips: Mark Boston machine devices as little-endian
  hw/arm: Mark Allwinner Technology devices as little-endian
  hw/ssi/xilinx_spi: Make device endianness configurable
  hw/char/xilinx_uartlite: Make device endianness configurable
  hw/timer/xilinx_timer: Make device endianness configurable
  hw/net/xilinx_ethlite: Make device endianness configurable
  hw/intc/xilinx_intc: Make device endianness configurable
  hw/qdev-properties-system: Introduce EndianMode QAPI enum
  hw: Make class data 'const'
  hw: Declare various const data as 'const'
  tests/functional: Remove sleep() kludges from microblaze tests
  tests/functional: Allow microblaze tests to take a machine name argument
  tests/functional: Explicit endianness of microblaze assets
  hw/net/smc91c111: Ignore attempt to pop from empty RX fifo
  hw/riscv/opentitan: Include missing 'exec/address-spaces.h' header
  hw/boards: Ensure machine setting auto_create_sdcard expose a SD Bus
  hw/riscv: Remove all invalid uses of auto_create_sdcard=true
  ...

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

100 files changed, 424 insertions, 280 deletions

diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c
index 3294625..0a428ea 100644
--- a/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qapi/visitor.h"
 #include "tpm_int.h"
@@ -336,8 +337,8 @@ void tpm_sized_buffer_reset(TPMSizedBuffer *tsb)
 void tpm_util_show_buffer(const unsigned char *buffer,
                           size_t buffer_size, const char *string)
 {
-    size_t len, i;
-    char *line_buffer, *p;
+    g_autoptr(GString) str = NULL;
+    size_t len, i, l;
 
     if (!trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_TPM_UTIL_SHOW_BUFFER_CONTENT)) {
         return;
@@ -345,19 +346,14 @@ void tpm_util_show_buffer(const unsigned char *buffer,
     len = MIN(tpm_cmd_get_size(buffer), buffer_size);
     trace_tpm_util_show_buffer_header(string, len);
 
-    /*
-     * allocate enough room for 3 chars per buffer entry plus a
-     * newline after every 16 chars and a final null terminator.
-     */
-    line_buffer = g_malloc(len * 3 + (len / 16) + 1);
-
-    for (i = 0, p = line_buffer; i < len; i++) {
-        if (i && !(i % 16)) {
-            p += sprintf(p, "\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i += l) {
+        if (str) {
+            g_string_append_c(str, '\n');
         }
-        p += sprintf(p, "%.2X ", buffer[i]);
+        l = MIN(len, 16);
+        str = qemu_hexdump_line(str, buffer, l, 1, 0);
     }
-    trace_tpm_util_show_buffer_content(line_buffer);
 
-    g_free(line_buffer);
+    g_string_ascii_up(str);
+    trace_tpm_util_show_buffer_content(str->str);
 }
diff --git a/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c b/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c
index a829913..f1b3997 100644
--- a/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c
+++ b/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ static void aw_a10_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     /* FIXME use a qdev chardev prop instead of serial_hd() */
     serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), AW_A10_UART0_REG_BASE, 2,
                    qdev_get_gpio_in(dev, 1),
-                   115200, serial_hd(0), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                   115200, serial_hd(0), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < AW_A10_NUM_USB; i++) {
         g_autofree char *bus = g_strdup_printf("usb-bus.%zu", i);
diff --git a/hw/arm/allwinner-h3.c b/hw/arm/allwinner-h3.c
index 2efced3..1b1afa4 100644
--- a/hw/arm/allwinner-h3.c
+++ b/hw/arm/allwinner-h3.c
@@ -408,19 +408,19 @@ static void allwinner_h3_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     /* UART0. For future clocktree API: All UARTS are connected to APB2_CLK. */
     serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), s->memmap[AW_H3_DEV_UART0], 2,
                    qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->gic), AW_H3_GIC_SPI_UART0),
-                   115200, serial_hd(0), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                   115200, serial_hd(0), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
     /* UART1 */
     serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), s->memmap[AW_H3_DEV_UART1], 2,
                    qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->gic), AW_H3_GIC_SPI_UART1),
-                   115200, serial_hd(1), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                   115200, serial_hd(1), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
     /* UART2 */
     serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), s->memmap[AW_H3_DEV_UART2], 2,
                    qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->gic), AW_H3_GIC_SPI_UART2),
-                   115200, serial_hd(2), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                   115200, serial_hd(2), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
     /* UART3 */
     serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), s->memmap[AW_H3_DEV_UART3], 2,
                    qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->gic), AW_H3_GIC_SPI_UART3),
-                   115200, serial_hd(3), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                   115200, serial_hd(3), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
     /* DRAMC */
     sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dramc), &error_fatal);
diff --git a/hw/arm/allwinner-r40.c b/hw/arm/allwinner-r40.c
index 47b3180..cef6e4d 100644
--- a/hw/arm/allwinner-r40.c
+++ b/hw/arm/allwinner-r40.c
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ static void allwinner_r40_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
         serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), addr, 2,
                        qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->gic), uart_irqs[i]),
-                       115200, serial_hd(i), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                       115200, serial_hd(i), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
     }
 
     /* I2C */
diff --git a/hw/arm/aspeed.c b/hw/arm/aspeed.c
index d9418e2..98bf071 100644
--- a/hw/arm/aspeed.c
+++ b/hw/arm/aspeed.c
@@ -1253,6 +1253,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_palmetto_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx25l25635f";
     amc->num_cs    = 1;
     amc->i2c_init  = palmetto_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 256 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1269,6 +1270,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_quanta_q71l_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx25l25635e";
     amc->num_cs    = 1;
     amc->i2c_init  = quanta_q71l_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 128 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 }
@@ -1287,6 +1289,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_supermicrox11_bmc_class_init(ObjectClass *oc,
     amc->num_cs    = 1;
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC0_ON | ASPEED_MAC1_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = palmetto_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 256 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 }
@@ -1305,6 +1308,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_supermicro_x11spi_bmc_class_init(ObjectClass *oc,
     amc->num_cs    = 1;
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC0_ON | ASPEED_MAC1_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = palmetto_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 }
@@ -1321,6 +1325,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_ast2500_evb_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx25l25635f";
     amc->num_cs    = 1;
     amc->i2c_init  = ast2500_evb_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1338,6 +1343,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_yosemitev2_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx25l25635e";
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->i2c_init  = yosemitev2_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1354,6 +1360,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_romulus_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx66l1g45g";
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->i2c_init  = romulus_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1371,6 +1378,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_tiogapass_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx25l25635e";
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->i2c_init  = tiogapass_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 1 * GiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1387,6 +1395,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_sonorapass_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx66l1g45g";
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->i2c_init  = sonorapass_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size       = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1403,6 +1412,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_witherspoon_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->spi_model = "mx66l1g45g";
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->i2c_init  = witherspoon_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1423,6 +1433,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_ast2600_evb_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
                      ASPEED_MAC3_ON;
     amc->sdhci_wp_inverted = true;
     amc->i2c_init  = ast2600_evb_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
     aspeed_machine_ast2600_class_emmc_init(oc);
@@ -1441,6 +1452,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_g220a_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask  = ASPEED_MAC0_ON | ASPEED_MAC1_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = g220a_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1024 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1458,6 +1470,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_fp5280g2_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask  = ASPEED_MAC0_ON | ASPEED_MAC1_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = fp5280g2_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1476,6 +1489,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_rainier_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask  = ASPEED_MAC2_ON | ASPEED_MAC3_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = rainier_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
     aspeed_machine_ast2600_class_emmc_init(oc);
@@ -1498,6 +1512,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_fuji_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC3_ON;
     amc->i2c_init = fuji_bmc_i2c_init;
     amc->uart_default = ASPEED_DEV_UART1;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = FUJI_BMC_RAM_SIZE;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1518,6 +1533,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_bletchley_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC2_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = bletchley_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = BLETCHLEY_BMC_RAM_SIZE;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 }
@@ -1559,6 +1575,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_fby35_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC3_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = fby35_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     /* FIXME: Replace this macro with something more general */
     mc->default_ram_size = FUJI_BMC_RAM_SIZE;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
@@ -1669,6 +1686,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_ast2700_evb_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC0_ON | ASPEED_MAC1_ON | ASPEED_MAC2_ON;
     amc->uart_default = ASPEED_DEV_UART12;
     amc->i2c_init  = ast2700_evb_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 }
@@ -1689,6 +1707,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_qcom_dc_scm_v1_class_init(ObjectClass *oc,
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC2_ON | ASPEED_MAC3_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = qcom_dc_scm_bmc_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
@@ -1708,6 +1727,7 @@ static void aspeed_machine_qcom_firework_class_init(ObjectClass *oc,
     amc->num_cs    = 2;
     amc->macs_mask = ASPEED_MAC2_ON | ASPEED_MAC3_ON;
     amc->i2c_init  = qcom_dc_scm_firework_i2c_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     aspeed_machine_class_init_cpus_defaults(mc);
 };
diff --git a/hw/arm/bananapi_m2u.c b/hw/arm/bananapi_m2u.c
index 0a4b6f2..4d84d10 100644
--- a/hw/arm/bananapi_m2u.c
+++ b/hw/arm/bananapi_m2u.c
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ static void bpim2u_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->valid_cpu_types = valid_cpu_types;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     mc->default_ram_id = "bpim2u.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 DEFINE_MACHINE("bpim2u", bpim2u_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/cubieboard.c b/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
index b976727..d665d4e 100644
--- a/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
+++ b/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ static void cubieboard_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->units_per_default_bus = 1;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_ram_id = "cubieboard.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 DEFINE_MACHINE("cubieboard", cubieboard_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/exynos4_boards.c b/hw/arm/exynos4_boards.c
index 2410e2a..43dc89d 100644
--- a/hw/arm/exynos4_boards.c
+++ b/hw/arm/exynos4_boards.c
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ static void nuri_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->min_cpus = EXYNOS4210_NCPUS;
     mc->default_cpus = EXYNOS4210_NCPUS;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo nuri_type = {
@@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ static void smdkc210_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->min_cpus = EXYNOS4210_NCPUS;
     mc->default_cpus = EXYNOS4210_NCPUS;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo smdkc210_type = {
diff --git a/hw/arm/fby35.c b/hw/arm/fby35.c
index 83d08e5..6d3663f 100644
--- a/hw/arm/fby35.c
+++ b/hw/arm/fby35.c
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ static void fby35_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->init = fby35_init;
     mc->no_floppy = 1;
     mc->no_cdrom = 1;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->min_cpus = mc->max_cpus = mc->default_cpus = 3;
 
     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "execute-in-place",
diff --git a/hw/arm/imx25_pdk.c b/hw/arm/imx25_pdk.c
index c9c2e5d..e95ea5e 100644
--- a/hw/arm/imx25_pdk.c
+++ b/hw/arm/imx25_pdk.c
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ static void imx25_pdk_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->init = imx25_pdk_init;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_ram_id = "imx25.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 DEFINE_MACHINE("imx25-pdk", imx25_pdk_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
index 4e1b862..8aa2e6e 100644
--- a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
+++ b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
@@ -688,6 +688,7 @@ static void integratorcp_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("arm926");
     mc->default_ram_id = "integrator.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
diff --git a/hw/arm/mcimx6ul-evk.c b/hw/arm/mcimx6ul-evk.c
index 690cb64..86982cb 100644
--- a/hw/arm/mcimx6ul-evk.c
+++ b/hw/arm/mcimx6ul-evk.c
@@ -74,5 +74,6 @@ static void mcimx6ul_evk_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->init = mcimx6ul_evk_init;
     mc->max_cpus = FSL_IMX6UL_NUM_CPUS;
     mc->default_ram_id = "mcimx6ul-evk.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 DEFINE_MACHINE("mcimx6ul-evk", mcimx6ul_evk_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/mcimx7d-sabre.c b/hw/arm/mcimx7d-sabre.c
index b3e8e50..3311961 100644
--- a/hw/arm/mcimx7d-sabre.c
+++ b/hw/arm/mcimx7d-sabre.c
@@ -74,5 +74,6 @@ static void mcimx7d_sabre_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->init = mcimx7d_sabre_init;
     mc->max_cpus = FSL_IMX7_NUM_CPUS;
     mc->default_ram_id = "mcimx7d-sabre.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 DEFINE_MACHINE("mcimx7d-sabre", mcimx7d_sabre_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/npcm7xx_boards.c b/hw/arm/npcm7xx_boards.c
index 7727e0d..eb28b97 100644
--- a/hw/arm/npcm7xx_boards.c
+++ b/hw/arm/npcm7xx_boards.c
@@ -481,6 +481,7 @@ static void npcm750_evb_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "Nuvoton NPCM750 Evaluation Board (Cortex-A9)";
     mc->init = npcm750_evb_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
 };
 
@@ -493,6 +494,7 @@ static void gsj_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "Quanta GSJ (Cortex-A9)";
     mc->init = quanta_gsj_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
 };
 
@@ -505,6 +507,7 @@ static void gbs_bmc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "Quanta GBS (Cortex-A9)";
     mc->init = quanta_gbs_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
 }
 
@@ -517,6 +520,7 @@ static void kudo_bmc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "Kudo BMC (Cortex-A9)";
     mc->init = kudo_bmc_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
 };
 
@@ -529,6 +533,7 @@ static void mori_bmc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "Mori BMC (Cortex-A9)";
     mc->init = mori_bmc_init;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c b/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c
index 623ebd6..c6b0bed 100644
--- a/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c
+++ b/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ static void sx1_machine_v2_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("ti925t");
     mc->default_ram_size = SDRAM_SIZE;
     mc->default_ram_id = "omap1.dram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo sx1_machine_v2_type = {
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@ static void sx1_machine_v1_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("ti925t");
     mc->default_ram_size = SDRAM_SIZE;
     mc->default_ram_id = "omap1.dram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo sx1_machine_v1_type = {
diff --git a/hw/arm/orangepi.c b/hw/arm/orangepi.c
index 77e3281..634af9b 100644
--- a/hw/arm/orangepi.c
+++ b/hw/arm/orangepi.c
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ static void orangepi_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->valid_cpu_types = valid_cpu_types;
     mc->default_ram_size = 1 * GiB;
     mc->default_ram_id = "orangepi.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 DEFINE_MACHINE("orangepi-pc", orangepi_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/raspi.c b/hw/arm/raspi.c
index a7a662f..dce35ca 100644
--- a/hw/arm/raspi.c
+++ b/hw/arm/raspi.c
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ static void raspi0_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
     RaspiBaseMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_BASE_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     rmc->board_rev = 0x920092; /* Revision 1.2 */
     raspi_machine_class_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 };
@@ -351,6 +352,7 @@ static void raspi1ap_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
     RaspiBaseMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_BASE_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     rmc->board_rev = 0x900021; /* Revision 1.1 */
     raspi_machine_class_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 };
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@ static void raspi2b_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
     RaspiBaseMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_BASE_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     rmc->board_rev = 0xa21041;
     raspi_machine_class_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 };
@@ -370,6 +373,7 @@ static void raspi3ap_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
     RaspiBaseMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_BASE_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     rmc->board_rev = 0x9020e0; /* Revision 1.0 */
     raspi_machine_class_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 };
@@ -379,6 +383,7 @@ static void raspi3b_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
     RaspiBaseMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_BASE_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     rmc->board_rev = 0xa02082;
     raspi_machine_class_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 };
diff --git a/hw/arm/raspi4b.c b/hw/arm/raspi4b.c
index 1264e0d..f6de103 100644
--- a/hw/arm/raspi4b.c
+++ b/hw/arm/raspi4b.c
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ static void raspi4b_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     rmc->board_rev = 0xb03115; /* Revision 1.5, 2 Gb RAM */
 #endif
     raspi_machine_class_common_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->init = raspi4b_machine_init;
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/realview.c b/hw/arm/realview.c
index 9900a98..436eef8 100644
--- a/hw/arm/realview.c
+++ b/hw/arm/realview.c
@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ static void realview_eb_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->block_default_type = IF_SCSI;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("arm926");
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
@@ -435,6 +436,7 @@ static void realview_eb_mpcore_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->max_cpus = 4;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("arm11mpcore");
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
@@ -453,6 +455,7 @@ static void realview_pb_a8_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->init = realview_pb_a8_init;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("cortex-a8");
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
@@ -472,6 +475,7 @@ static void realview_pbx_a9_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->max_cpus = 4;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("cortex-a9");
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
diff --git a/hw/arm/sabrelite.c b/hw/arm/sabrelite.c
index 1eb4704..df60d47 100644
--- a/hw/arm/sabrelite.c
+++ b/hw/arm/sabrelite.c
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ static void sabrelite_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->max_cpus = FSL_IMX6_NUM_CPUS;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_ram_id = "sabrelite.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 DEFINE_MACHINE("sabrelite", sabrelite_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/arm/stellaris.c b/hw/arm/stellaris.c
index 47c1cfa..3361111 100644
--- a/hw/arm/stellaris.c
+++ b/hw/arm/stellaris.c
@@ -1441,6 +1441,7 @@ static void lm3s6965evb_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->init = lm3s6965evb_init;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("cortex-m3");
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo lm3s6965evb_type = {
diff --git a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
index bc45229..941616c 100644
--- a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
+++ b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
@@ -419,6 +419,7 @@ static void versatilepb_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("arm926");
     mc->default_ram_id = "versatile.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
@@ -439,6 +440,7 @@ static void versatileab_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("arm926");
     mc->default_ram_id = "versatile.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
 }
diff --git a/hw/arm/vexpress.c b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
index b886d16..48e18a4 100644
--- a/hw/arm/vexpress.c
+++ b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
@@ -803,6 +803,7 @@ static void vexpress_a9_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9";
     mc->valid_cpu_types = valid_cpu_types;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     vmc->daughterboard = &a9_daughterboard;
 }
@@ -818,6 +819,7 @@ static void vexpress_a15_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
     mc->desc = "ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15";
     mc->valid_cpu_types = valid_cpu_types;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     vmc->daughterboard = &a15_daughterboard;
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c b/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
index 8477b82..3c6a460 100644
--- a/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
+++ b/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
@@ -463,7 +463,6 @@ static void zynq_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->desc = "Xilinx Zynq Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A9";
     mc->init = zynq_init;
     mc->max_cpus = ZYNQ_MAX_CPUS;
-    mc->no_sdcard = 1;
     mc->ignore_memory_transaction_failures = true;
     mc->valid_cpu_types = valid_cpu_types;
     mc->default_ram_id = "zynq.ext_ram";
diff --git a/hw/arm/xlnx-versal-virt.c b/hw/arm/xlnx-versal-virt.c
index 1401d37..0c6f035 100644
--- a/hw/arm/xlnx-versal-virt.c
+++ b/hw/arm/xlnx-versal-virt.c
@@ -818,6 +818,7 @@ static void versal_virt_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->max_cpus = XLNX_VERSAL_NR_ACPUS + XLNX_VERSAL_NR_RCPUS;
     mc->default_cpus = XLNX_VERSAL_NR_ACPUS + XLNX_VERSAL_NR_RCPUS;
     mc->no_cdrom = true;
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
     mc->default_ram_id = "ddr";
     object_class_property_add_str(oc, "ospi-flash", versal_get_ospi_model,
                                    versal_set_ospi_model);
diff --git a/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c b/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c
index 70fb444..4fdb153 100644
--- a/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c
+++ b/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ static void xlnx_zcu102_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->max_cpus = XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_APU_CPUS + XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_RPU_CPUS;
     mc->default_cpus = XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_APU_CPUS;
     mc->default_ram_id = "ddr-ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     machine_add_audiodev_property(mc);
     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "secure", zcu102_get_secure,
diff --git a/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c b/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c
index bd5b0dd..d6022ff 100644
--- a/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c
+++ b/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c
@@ -689,16 +689,10 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
          * - SDIO Specification Version 3.0
          * - eMMC Specification Version 4.51
          */
-        if (!object_property_set_uint(sdhci, "sd-spec-version", 3, errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!object_property_set_uint(sdhci, "capareg", SDHCI_CAPABILITIES,
-                                      errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!object_property_set_uint(sdhci, "uhs", UHS_I, errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
+        object_property_set_uint(sdhci, "sd-spec-version", 3, &error_abort);
+        object_property_set_uint(sdhci, "capareg", SDHCI_CAPABILITIES,
+                                 &error_abort);
+        object_property_set_uint(sdhci, "uhs", UHS_I, &error_abort);
         if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sdhci), errp)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -763,14 +757,10 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     xlnx_zynqmp_create_unimp_mmio(s);
 
     for (i = 0; i < XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_GDMA_CH; i++) {
-        if (!object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->gdma[i]), "bus-width", 128,
-                                      errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->gdma[i]), "dma",
-                                      OBJECT(system_memory), errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
+        object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->gdma[i]), "bus-width", 128,
+                                 &error_abort);
+        object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->gdma[i]), "dma",
+                                 OBJECT(system_memory), &error_abort);
         if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gdma[i]), errp)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -811,10 +801,8 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->qspi_dma), 0,
                        qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->qspi_irq_orgate), 0));
 
-    if (!object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->qspi), "stream-connected-dma",
-                                  OBJECT(&s->qspi_dma), errp)) {
-         return;
-    }
+    object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->qspi), "stream-connected-dma",
+                             OBJECT(&s->qspi_dma), &error_abort);
     if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->qspi), errp)) {
         return;
     }
@@ -833,10 +821,8 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_USB; i++) {
-        if (!object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->usb[i].sysbus_xhci), "dma",
-                                      OBJECT(system_memory), errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
+        object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->usb[i].sysbus_xhci), "dma",
+                                 OBJECT(system_memory), &error_abort);
 
         qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->usb[i].sysbus_xhci), "intrs", 4);
         qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->usb[i].sysbus_xhci), "slots", 2);
diff --git a/hw/char/xilinx_uartlite.c b/hw/char/xilinx_uartlite.c
index 56955e0..4037c93 100644
--- a/hw/char/xilinx_uartlite.c
+++ b/hw/char/xilinx_uartlite.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "hw/char/xilinx_uartlite.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@
 struct XilinxUARTLite {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
 
+    EndianMode model_endianness;
     MemoryRegion mmio;
     CharBackend chr;
     qemu_irq irq;
@@ -166,17 +168,21 @@ uart_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
     uart_update_irq(s);
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionOps uart_ops = {
-    .read = uart_read,
-    .write = uart_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
-    .valid = {
-        .min_access_size = 1,
-        .max_access_size = 4
-    }
+static const MemoryRegionOps uart_ops[2] = {
+    [0 ... 1] = {
+        .read = uart_read,
+        .write = uart_write,
+        .valid = {
+            .min_access_size = 1,
+            .max_access_size = 4,
+        },
+    },
+    [0].endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+    [1].endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static const Property xilinx_uartlite_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN_NODEFAULT("endianness", XilinxUARTLite, model_endianness),
     DEFINE_PROP_CHR("chardev", XilinxUARTLite, chr),
 };
 
@@ -214,6 +220,15 @@ static void xilinx_uartlite_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     XilinxUARTLite *s = XILINX_UARTLITE(dev);
 
+    if (s->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        error_setg(errp, TYPE_XILINX_UARTLITE " property 'endianness'"
+                         " must be set to 'big' or 'little'");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memory_region_init_io(&s->mmio, OBJECT(dev),
+                          &uart_ops[s->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_BIG],
+                          s, "xlnx.xps-uartlite", R_MAX * 4);
     qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(&s->chr, uart_can_rx, uart_rx,
                              uart_event, NULL, s, NULL, true);
 }
@@ -223,9 +238,6 @@ static void xilinx_uartlite_init(Object *obj)
     XilinxUARTLite *s = XILINX_UARTLITE(obj);
 
     sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &s->irq);
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&s->mmio, obj, &uart_ops, s,
-                          "xlnx.xps-uartlite", R_MAX * 4);
     sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &s->mmio);
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/core/machine-smp.c b/hw/core/machine-smp.c
index b954eb8..4e020c3 100644
--- a/hw/core/machine-smp.c
+++ b/hw/core/machine-smp.c
@@ -321,6 +321,13 @@ bool machine_parse_smp_cache(MachineState *ms,
             return false;
         }
 
+        if (props->topology == CPU_TOPOLOGY_LEVEL_THREAD) {
+            error_setg(errp,
+                       "%s level cache not supported by this machine",
+                       CpuTopologyLevel_str(props->topology));
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if (!machine_check_topo_support(ms, props->topology, errp)) {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/hw/core/null-machine.c b/hw/core/null-machine.c
index f586a4b..7f1fb56 100644
--- a/hw/core/null-machine.c
+++ b/hw/core/null-machine.c
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ static void machine_none_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
     mc->no_parallel = 1;
     mc->no_floppy = 1;
     mc->no_cdrom = 1;
-    mc->no_sdcard = 1;
 }
 
 DEFINE_MACHINE("none", machine_none_machine_init)
diff --git a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
index a96675b..89f954f 100644
--- a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
+++ b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
@@ -1283,3 +1283,14 @@ const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_iothread_vq_mapping_list = {
     .set = set_iothread_vq_mapping_list,
     .release = release_iothread_vq_mapping_list,
 };
+
+/* --- Endian modes */
+
+const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_endian_mode = {
+    .name = "EndianMode",
+    .description = "Endian mode, big/little/unspecified",
+    .enum_table = &EndianMode_lookup,
+    .get = qdev_propinfo_get_enum,
+    .set = qdev_propinfo_set_enum,
+    .set_default_value = qdev_propinfo_set_default_value_enum,
+};
diff --git a/hw/core/sysbus.c b/hw/core/sysbus.c
index 9355849..98819d5 100644
--- a/hw/core/sysbus.c
+++ b/hw/core/sysbus.c
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
@@ -80,13 +79,6 @@ static void system_bus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->get_fw_dev_path = sysbus_get_fw_dev_path;
 }
 
-static const TypeInfo system_bus_info = {
-    .name = TYPE_SYSTEM_BUS,
-    .parent = TYPE_BUS,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(BusState),
-    .class_init = system_bus_class_init,
-};
-
 /* Check whether an IRQ source exists */
 bool sysbus_has_irq(SysBusDevice *dev, int n)
 {
@@ -306,15 +298,6 @@ static void sysbus_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->user_creatable = false;
 }
 
-static const TypeInfo sysbus_device_type_info = {
-    .name = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
-    .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(SysBusDevice),
-    .abstract = true,
-    .class_size = sizeof(SysBusDeviceClass),
-    .class_init = sysbus_device_class_init,
-};
-
 static BusState *main_system_bus;
 
 static void main_system_bus_create(void)
@@ -323,8 +306,8 @@ static void main_system_bus_create(void)
      * assign main_system_bus before qbus_init()
      * in order to make "if (bus != sysbus_get_default())" work
      */
-    main_system_bus = g_malloc0(system_bus_info.instance_size);
-    qbus_init(main_system_bus, system_bus_info.instance_size,
+    main_system_bus = g_new0(BusState, 1);
+    qbus_init(main_system_bus, sizeof(BusState),
               TYPE_SYSTEM_BUS, NULL, "main-system-bus");
     OBJECT(main_system_bus)->free = g_free;
 }
@@ -337,10 +320,35 @@ BusState *sysbus_get_default(void)
     return main_system_bus;
 }
 
-static void sysbus_register_types(void)
+static void dynamic_sysbus_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
-    type_register_static(&system_bus_info);
-    type_register_static(&sysbus_device_type_info);
+    DeviceClass *k = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+
+    k->user_creatable = true;
+    k->hotpluggable = false;
 }
 
-type_init(sysbus_register_types)
+static const TypeInfo sysbus_types[] = {
+    {
+        .name           = TYPE_SYSTEM_BUS,
+        .parent         = TYPE_BUS,
+        .instance_size  = sizeof(BusState),
+        .class_init     = system_bus_class_init,
+    },
+    {
+        .name           = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+        .parent         = TYPE_DEVICE,
+        .instance_size  = sizeof(SysBusDevice),
+        .abstract       = true,
+        .class_size     = sizeof(SysBusDeviceClass),
+        .class_init     = sysbus_device_class_init,
+    },
+    {
+        .name           = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+        .parent         = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+        .class_init     = dynamic_sysbus_device_class_init,
+        .abstract       = true,
+    }
+};
+
+DEFINE_TYPES(sysbus_types)
diff --git a/hw/display/ramfb-standalone.c b/hw/display/ramfb-standalone.c
index 6c35028..1be106b 100644
--- a/hw/display/ramfb-standalone.c
+++ b/hw/display/ramfb-standalone.c
@@ -72,13 +72,12 @@ static void ramfb_class_initfn(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->vmsd = &ramfb_dev_vmstate;
     dc->realize = ramfb_realizefn;
     dc->desc = "ram framebuffer standalone device";
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
     device_class_set_props(dc, ramfb_properties);
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo ramfb_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_RAMFB_DEVICE,
-    .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+    .parent        = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(RAMFBStandaloneState),
     .class_init    = ramfb_class_initfn,
 };
diff --git a/hw/i2c/allwinner-i2c.c b/hw/i2c/allwinner-i2c.c
index 16f1d6d..66d6431 100644
--- a/hw/i2c/allwinner-i2c.c
+++ b/hw/i2c/allwinner-i2c.c
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_i2c_ops = {
     .write = allwinner_i2c_write,
     .valid.min_access_size = 1,
     .valid.max_access_size = 4,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static const VMStateDescription allwinner_i2c_vmstate = {
diff --git a/hw/i386/amd_iommu.c b/hw/i386/amd_iommu.c
index 6b13ce8..e8e084c 100644
--- a/hw/i386/amd_iommu.c
+++ b/hw/i386/amd_iommu.c
@@ -1687,8 +1687,6 @@ static void amdvi_sysbus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->hotpluggable = false;
     dc_class->realize = amdvi_sysbus_realize;
     dc_class->int_remap = amdvi_int_remap;
-    /* Supported by the pc-q35-* machine types */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
     dc->desc = "AMD IOMMU (AMD-Vi) DMA Remapping device";
     device_class_set_props(dc, amdvi_properties);
diff --git a/hw/i386/intel_iommu.c b/hw/i386/intel_iommu.c
index f366c22..7fde060 100644
--- a/hw/i386/intel_iommu.c
+++ b/hw/i386/intel_iommu.c
@@ -4871,8 +4871,6 @@ static void vtd_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->hotpluggable = false;
     x86_class->realize = vtd_realize;
     x86_class->int_remap = vtd_int_remap;
-    /* Supported by the pc-q35-* machine types */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
     dc->desc = "Intel IOMMU (VT-d) DMA Remapping device";
 }
diff --git a/hw/i386/x86-iommu.c b/hw/i386/x86-iommu.c
index fed34b2..5cdd165 100644
--- a/hw/i386/x86-iommu.c
+++ b/hw/i386/x86-iommu.c
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ bool x86_iommu_ir_supported(X86IOMMUState *s)
 
 static const TypeInfo x86_iommu_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE,
-    .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+    .parent        = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(X86IOMMUState),
     .class_init    = x86_iommu_class_init,
     .class_size    = sizeof(X86IOMMUClass),
diff --git a/hw/intc/allwinner-a10-pic.c b/hw/intc/allwinner-a10-pic.c
index c0f3009..93a604f 100644
--- a/hw/intc/allwinner-a10-pic.c
+++ b/hw/intc/allwinner-a10-pic.c
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ static void aw_a10_pic_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, uint64_t value,
 static const MemoryRegionOps aw_a10_pic_ops = {
     .read = aw_a10_pic_read,
     .write = aw_a10_pic_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_aw_a10_pic = {
diff --git a/hw/intc/apic.c b/hw/intc/apic.c
index d1d343d..d18c1db 100644
--- a/hw/intc/apic.c
+++ b/hw/intc/apic.c
@@ -350,9 +350,8 @@ static int apic_set_base(APICCommonState *s, uint64_t val)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    s->apicbase = (val & 0xfffff000) |
+    s->apicbase = (val & MSR_IA32_APICBASE_BASE) |
         (s->apicbase & (MSR_IA32_APICBASE_BSP | MSR_IA32_APICBASE_ENABLE));
-    /* if disabled, cannot be enabled again */
     if (!(val & MSR_IA32_APICBASE_ENABLE)) {
         s->apicbase &= ~MSR_IA32_APICBASE_ENABLE;
         cpu_clear_apic_feature(&s->cpu->env);
diff --git a/hw/intc/xilinx_intc.c b/hw/intc/xilinx_intc.c
index 6930f83..ab1c4a3 100644
--- a/hw/intc/xilinx_intc.c
+++ b/hw/intc/xilinx_intc.c
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Edgar E. Iglesias.
  *
+ * https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/xps_intc
+ * DS572: LogiCORE IP XPS Interrupt Controller (v2.01a)
+ *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
@@ -23,10 +26,12 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
 #define D(x)
@@ -49,6 +54,7 @@ struct XpsIntc
 {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
 
+    EndianMode model_endianness;
     MemoryRegion mmio;
     qemu_irq parent_irq;
 
@@ -140,18 +146,28 @@ static void pic_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
     update_irq(p);
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionOps pic_ops = {
-    .read = pic_read,
-    .write = pic_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
-    .impl = {
-        .min_access_size = 4,
-        .max_access_size = 4,
+static const MemoryRegionOps pic_ops[2] = {
+    [0 ... 1] = {
+        .read = pic_read,
+        .write = pic_write,
+        .impl = {
+            .min_access_size = 4,
+            .max_access_size = 4,
+        },
+        .valid = {
+            /*
+             * All XPS INTC registers are accessed through the PLB interface.
+             * The base address for these registers is provided by the
+             * configuration parameter, C_BASEADDR. Each register is 32 bits
+             * although some bits may be unused and is accessed on a 4-byte
+             * boundary offset from the base address.
+             */
+            .min_access_size = 4,
+            .max_access_size = 4,
+        },
     },
-    .valid = {
-        .min_access_size = 4,
-        .max_access_size = 4
-    }
+    [0].endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+    [1].endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static void irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
@@ -174,13 +190,27 @@ static void xilinx_intc_init(Object *obj)
 
     qdev_init_gpio_in(DEVICE(obj), irq_handler, 32);
     sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &p->parent_irq);
+    sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &p->mmio);
+}
 
-    memory_region_init_io(&p->mmio, obj, &pic_ops, p, "xlnx.xps-intc",
+static void xilinx_intc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    XpsIntc *p = XILINX_INTC(dev);
+
+    if (p->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        error_setg(errp, TYPE_XILINX_INTC " property 'endianness'"
+                         " must be set to 'big' or 'little'");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memory_region_init_io(&p->mmio, OBJECT(dev),
+                          &pic_ops[p->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_BIG],
+                          p, "xlnx.xps-intc",
                           R_MAX * 4);
-    sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &p->mmio);
 }
 
 static const Property xilinx_intc_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN_NODEFAULT("endianness", XpsIntc, model_endianness),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("kind-of-intr", XpsIntc, c_kind_of_intr, 0),
 };
 
@@ -188,6 +218,7 @@ static void xilinx_intc_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
+    dc->realize = xilinx_intc_realize;
     device_class_set_props(dc, xilinx_intc_properties);
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/isa/vt82c686.c b/hw/isa/vt82c686.c
index 6f44b38..43bd67e 100644
--- a/hw/isa/vt82c686.c
+++ b/hw/isa/vt82c686.c
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ static void via_pm_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
-    ViaPMInitInfo *info = data;
+    const ViaPMInitInfo *info = data;
 
     k->realize = via_pm_realize;
     k->config_write = pm_write_config;
diff --git a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
index 8b44be7..21ad215 100644
--- a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
+++ b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ petalogix_ml605_init(MachineState *machine)
     MemoryRegion *phys_lmb_bram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     MemoryRegion *phys_ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     qemu_irq irq[32];
+    EndianMode endianness = TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN ? ENDIAN_MODE_BIG
+                                              : ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE;
 
     /* init CPUs */
     cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(object_new(TYPE_MICROBLAZE_CPU));
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ petalogix_ml605_init(MachineState *machine)
 
 
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-intc");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "kind-of-intr", 1 << TIMER_IRQ);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, INTC_BASEADDR);
@@ -126,6 +129,7 @@ petalogix_ml605_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* 2 timers at irq 2 @ 100 Mhz.  */
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-timer");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "one-timer-only", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "clock-frequency", 100 * 1000000);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
@@ -173,6 +177,7 @@ petalogix_ml605_init(MachineState *machine)
         SSIBus *spi;
 
         dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-spi");
+        qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
         qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "num-ss-bits", NUM_SPI_FLASHES);
         busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
         sysbus_realize_and_unref(busdev, &error_fatal);
diff --git a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
index 2c0d8c3..bdba200 100644
--- a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
+++ b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ petalogix_s3adsp1800_init(MachineState *machine)
     MemoryRegion *phys_ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     qemu_irq irq[32];
     MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
+    EndianMode endianness = TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN ? ENDIAN_MODE_BIG
+                                              : ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE;
 
     cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(object_new(TYPE_MICROBLAZE_CPU));
     object_property_set_str(OBJECT(cpu), "version", "7.10.d", &error_abort);
@@ -95,6 +97,7 @@ petalogix_s3adsp1800_init(MachineState *machine)
                           64 * KiB, 1, 0x89, 0x18, 0x0000, 0x0, 1);
 
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-intc");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "kind-of-intr",
                          1 << ETHLITE_IRQ | 1 << UARTLITE_IRQ);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
@@ -106,6 +109,7 @@ petalogix_s3adsp1800_init(MachineState *machine)
     }
 
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_XILINX_UARTLITE);
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
     qdev_prop_set_chr(dev, "chardev", serial_hd(0));
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, UARTLITE_BASEADDR);
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ petalogix_s3adsp1800_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* 2 timers at irq 2 @ 62 Mhz.  */
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-timer");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "one-timer-only", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "clock-frequency", 62 * 1000000);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
@@ -120,6 +125,7 @@ petalogix_s3adsp1800_init(MachineState *machine)
     sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, irq[TIMER_IRQ]);
 
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-ethernetlite");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", endianness);
     qemu_configure_nic_device(dev, true, NULL);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "tx-ping-pong", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "rx-ping-pong", 0);
diff --git a/hw/mips/boston.c b/hw/mips/boston.c
index 364c328..4690b25 100644
--- a/hw/mips/boston.c
+++ b/hw/mips/boston.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ static void boston_lcd_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 static const MemoryRegionOps boston_lcd_ops = {
     .read = boston_lcd_read,
     .write = boston_lcd_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static uint64_t boston_platreg_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ static void boston_platreg_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 static const MemoryRegionOps boston_platreg_ops = {
     .read = boston_platreg_read,
     .write = boston_platreg_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static void mips_boston_instance_init(Object *obj)
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ static void boston_mach_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     s->uart = serial_mm_init(sys_mem, boston_memmap[BOSTON_UART].base, 2,
                              get_cps_irq(&s->cps, 3), 10000000,
-                             serial_hd(0), DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                             serial_hd(0), DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
     lcd = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     memory_region_init_io(lcd, NULL, &boston_lcd_ops, s, "boston-lcd", 0x8);
diff --git a/hw/mips/loongson3_virt.c b/hw/mips/loongson3_virt.c
index 831fddb..db1cc51 100644
--- a/hw/mips/loongson3_virt.c
+++ b/hw/mips/loongson3_virt.c
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ static void loongson3_pm_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 static const MemoryRegionOps loongson3_pm_ops = {
     .read  = loongson3_pm_read,
     .write = loongson3_pm_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 1,
         .max_access_size = 1
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ static void mips_loongson3_virt_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     serial_mm_init(address_space_mem, virt_memmap[VIRT_UART].base, 0,
                    qdev_get_gpio_in(liointc, UART_IRQ), 115200, serial_hd(0),
-                   DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN);
+                   DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
     sysbus_create_simple("goldfish_rtc", virt_memmap[VIRT_RTC].base,
                          qdev_get_gpio_in(liointc, RTC_IRQ));
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-ccm.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-ccm.c
index 575b018..6ca1daa 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-ccm.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-ccm.c
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ static void allwinner_a10_ccm_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_a10_ccm_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_a10_ccm_read,
     .write = allwinner_a10_ccm_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-dramc.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-dramc.c
index a7c58fa..badc4c5 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-dramc.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-a10-dramc.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static void allwinner_a10_dramc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_a10_dramc_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_a10_dramc_read,
     .write = allwinner_a10_dramc_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-cpucfg.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-cpucfg.c
index 022f63d..a4f7a01 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-cpucfg.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-cpucfg.c
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ static void allwinner_cpucfg_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_cpucfg_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_cpucfg_read,
     .write = allwinner_cpucfg_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-ccu.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-ccu.c
index 92e579a..e765f4c 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-ccu.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-ccu.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ static void allwinner_h3_ccu_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_ccu_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_h3_ccu_read,
     .write = allwinner_h3_ccu_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-dramc.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-dramc.c
index 13bba26..c4f3eb9 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-dramc.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-dramc.c
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ static void allwinner_h3_dramphy_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_dramcom_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_h3_dramcom_read,
     .write = allwinner_h3_dramcom_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_dramcom_ops = {
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_dramctl_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_h3_dramctl_read,
     .write = allwinner_h3_dramctl_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_dramctl_ops = {
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_dramphy_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_h3_dramphy_read,
     .write = allwinner_h3_dramphy_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-sysctrl.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-sysctrl.c
index 40059e8..32a0ceb 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-sysctrl.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-h3-sysctrl.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static void allwinner_h3_sysctrl_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_h3_sysctrl_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_h3_sysctrl_read,
     .write = allwinner_h3_sysctrl_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-ccu.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-ccu.c
index 005a15b..8f37a92 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-ccu.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-ccu.c
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ static void allwinner_r40_ccu_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_ccu_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_r40_ccu_read,
     .write = allwinner_r40_ccu_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-dramc.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-dramc.c
index 97c3664..96e1848 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-dramc.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-r40-dramc.c
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ static void allwinner_r40_dramphy_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_dramcom_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_r40_dramcom_read,
     .write = allwinner_r40_dramcom_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_dramcom_ops = {
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_dramctl_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_r40_dramctl_read,
     .write = allwinner_r40_dramctl_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_dramctl_ops = {
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_dramphy_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_r40_dramphy_read,
     .write = allwinner_r40_dramphy_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ static void allwinner_r40_detect_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_detect_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_r40_detect_read,
     .write = allwinner_r40_detect_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ static uint64_t allwinner_r40_dualrank_detect_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_r40_dualrank_detect_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_r40_dualrank_detect_read,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-sid.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-sid.c
index 042b747..2bb81f9 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-sid.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-sid.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static void allwinner_sid_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_sid_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_sid_read,
     .write = allwinner_sid_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/misc/allwinner-sramc.c b/hw/misc/allwinner-sramc.c
index a20b0b4..51df5e4 100644
--- a/hw/misc/allwinner-sramc.c
+++ b/hw/misc/allwinner-sramc.c
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static void allwinner_sramc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_sramc_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_sramc_read,
     .write = allwinner_sramc_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/net/allwinner-sun8i-emac.c b/hw/net/allwinner-sun8i-emac.c
index ff44554..5adb41d 100644
--- a/hw/net/allwinner-sun8i-emac.c
+++ b/hw/net/allwinner-sun8i-emac.c
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ static void allwinner_sun8i_emac_set_link(NetClientState *nc)
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_sun8i_emac_mem_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_sun8i_emac_read,
     .write = allwinner_sun8i_emac_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/net/allwinner_emac.c b/hw/net/allwinner_emac.c
index 3eb9e09..47f1e7f 100644
--- a/hw/net/allwinner_emac.c
+++ b/hw/net/allwinner_emac.c
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ static void aw_emac_set_link(NetClientState *nc)
 static const MemoryRegionOps aw_emac_mem_ops = {
     .read = aw_emac_read,
     .write = aw_emac_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/net/fsl_etsec/etsec.c b/hw/net/fsl_etsec/etsec.c
index 781b900..3ce4fa2 100644
--- a/hw/net/fsl_etsec/etsec.c
+++ b/hw/net/fsl_etsec/etsec.c
@@ -425,14 +425,12 @@ static void etsec_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->realize = etsec_realize;
     device_class_set_legacy_reset(dc, etsec_reset);
     device_class_set_props(dc, etsec_properties);
-    /* Supported by ppce500 machine */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo etsec_types[] = {
     {
         .name          = TYPE_ETSEC_COMMON,
-        .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+        .parent        = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
         .instance_size = sizeof(eTSEC),
         .class_init    = etsec_class_init,
         .instance_init = etsec_instance_init,
diff --git a/hw/net/smc91c111.c b/hw/net/smc91c111.c
index b18d5c2..0e13dfa 100644
--- a/hw/net/smc91c111.c
+++ b/hw/net/smc91c111.c
@@ -182,6 +182,15 @@ static void smc91c111_pop_rx_fifo(smc91c111_state *s)
 {
     int i;
 
+    if (s->rx_fifo_len == 0) {
+        /*
+         * The datasheet doesn't document what the behaviour is if the
+         * guest tries to pop an empty RX FIFO, and there's no obvious
+         * error status register to report it. Just ignore the attempt.
+         */
+        return;
+    }
+
     s->rx_fifo_len--;
     if (s->rx_fifo_len) {
         for (i = 0; i < s->rx_fifo_len; i++)
diff --git a/hw/net/xilinx_ethlite.c b/hw/net/xilinx_ethlite.c
index 14bf2b2..15d9b95 100644
--- a/hw/net/xilinx_ethlite.c
+++ b/hw/net/xilinx_ethlite.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
 #include "hw/misc/unimp.h"
 #include "net/net.h"
 #include "trace.h"
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ struct XlnxXpsEthLite
 {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
 
+    EndianMode model_endianness;
     MemoryRegion container;
     qemu_irq irq;
     NICState *nic;
@@ -183,10 +185,10 @@ static void port_tx_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
     }
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionOps eth_porttx_ops = {
+static const MemoryRegionOps eth_porttx_ops[2] = {
+    [0 ... 1] = {
         .read = port_tx_read,
         .write = port_tx_write,
-        .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
         .impl = {
             .min_access_size = 4,
             .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -195,6 +197,9 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps eth_porttx_ops = {
             .min_access_size = 4,
             .max_access_size = 4,
         },
+    },
+    [0].endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+    [1].endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static uint64_t port_rx_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned int size)
@@ -232,10 +237,10 @@ static void port_rx_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
     }
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionOps eth_portrx_ops = {
+static const MemoryRegionOps eth_portrx_ops[2] = {
+    [0 ... 1] = {
         .read = port_rx_read,
         .write = port_rx_write,
-        .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
         .impl = {
             .min_access_size = 4,
             .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -244,6 +249,9 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps eth_portrx_ops = {
             .min_access_size = 4,
             .max_access_size = 4,
         },
+    },
+    [0].endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+    [1].endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static bool eth_can_rx(NetClientState *nc)
@@ -300,6 +308,14 @@ static NetClientInfo net_xilinx_ethlite_info = {
 static void xilinx_ethlite_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     XlnxXpsEthLite *s = XILINX_ETHLITE(dev);
+    unsigned ops_index;
+
+    if (s->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        error_setg(errp, TYPE_XILINX_ETHLITE " property 'endianness'"
+                         " must be set to 'big' or 'little'");
+        return;
+    }
+    ops_index = s->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_BIG ? 1 : 0;
 
     memory_region_init(&s->container, OBJECT(dev),
                        "xlnx.xps-ethernetlite", 0x2000);
@@ -328,7 +344,7 @@ static void xilinx_ethlite_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
                                BUFSZ_MAX, &error_abort);
         memory_region_add_subregion(&s->container, 0x0800 * i, &s->port[i].txbuf);
         memory_region_init_io(&s->port[i].txio, OBJECT(dev),
-                              &eth_porttx_ops, s,
+                              &eth_porttx_ops[ops_index], s,
                               i ? "ethlite.tx[1]io" : "ethlite.tx[0]io",
                               4 * TX_MAX);
         memory_region_add_subregion(&s->container, i ? A_TX_BASE1 : A_TX_BASE0,
@@ -340,7 +356,7 @@ static void xilinx_ethlite_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         memory_region_add_subregion(&s->container, 0x1000 + 0x0800 * i,
                                     &s->port[i].rxbuf);
         memory_region_init_io(&s->port[i].rxio, OBJECT(dev),
-                              &eth_portrx_ops, s,
+                              &eth_portrx_ops[ops_index], s,
                               i ? "ethlite.rx[1]io" : "ethlite.rx[0]io",
                               4 * RX_MAX);
         memory_region_add_subregion(&s->container, i ? A_RX_BASE1 : A_RX_BASE0,
@@ -363,6 +379,7 @@ static void xilinx_ethlite_init(Object *obj)
 }
 
 static const Property xilinx_ethlite_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN_NODEFAULT("endianness", XlnxXpsEthLite, model_endianness),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("tx-ping-pong", XlnxXpsEthLite, c_tx_pingpong, 1),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("rx-ping-pong", XlnxXpsEthLite, c_rx_pingpong, 1),
     DEFINE_NIC_PROPERTIES(XlnxXpsEthLite, conf),
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/versatile.c b/hw/pci-host/versatile.c
index c3fbf4c..33a8ceb 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/versatile.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/versatile.c
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ static uint64_t pci_vpb_reg_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 static const MemoryRegionOps pci_vpb_reg_ops = {
     .read = pci_vpb_reg_read,
     .write = pci_vpb_reg_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ static uint64_t pci_vpb_config_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 static const MemoryRegionOps pci_vpb_config_ops = {
     .read = pci_vpb_config_read,
     .write = pci_vpb_config_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static int pci_vpb_map_irq(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num)
diff --git a/hw/ppc/virtex_ml507.c b/hw/ppc/virtex_ml507.c
index 2323811..a01354d 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/virtex_ml507.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/virtex_ml507.c
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ static void virtex_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     cpu_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(cpu), PPC40x_INPUT_INT);
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-intc");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_BIG);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "kind-of-intr", 0);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, INTC_BASEADDR);
@@ -230,6 +231,7 @@ static void virtex_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* 2 timers at irq 2 @ 62 Mhz.  */
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-timer");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_BIG);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "one-timer-only", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "clock-frequency", 62 * 1000000);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
diff --git a/hw/riscv/microblaze-v-generic.c b/hw/riscv/microblaze-v-generic.c
index 26788a1..d8e6790 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/microblaze-v-generic.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/microblaze-v-generic.c
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ static void mb_v_generic_init(MachineState *machine)
     memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, ddr_base, phys_ram);
 
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-intc");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "kind-of-intr",
                          1 << UARTLITE_IRQ);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ static void mb_v_generic_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* Uartlite */
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_XILINX_UARTLITE);
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE);
     qdev_prop_set_chr(dev, "chardev", serial_hd(0));
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, UARTLITE_BASEADDR);
@@ -103,6 +105,7 @@ static void mb_v_generic_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* 2 timers at irq 0 @ 100 Mhz.  */
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-timer");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "one-timer-only", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "clock-frequency", 100000000);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
@@ -111,6 +114,7 @@ static void mb_v_generic_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* 2 timers at irq 3 @ 100 Mhz.  */
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-timer");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "one-timer-only", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "clock-frequency", 100000000);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
@@ -119,6 +123,7 @@ static void mb_v_generic_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* Emaclite */
     dev = qdev_new("xlnx.xps-ethernetlite");
+    qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "endianness", ENDIAN_MODE_LITTLE);
     qemu_configure_nic_device(dev, true, NULL);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "tx-ping-pong", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "rx-ping-pong", 0);
diff --git a/hw/riscv/microchip_pfsoc.c b/hw/riscv/microchip_pfsoc.c
index ec7e2e4..9c846f9 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/microchip_pfsoc.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/microchip_pfsoc.c
@@ -650,6 +650,7 @@ static void microchip_icicle_kit_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->min_cpus = MICROCHIP_PFSOC_MANAGEMENT_CPU_COUNT + 1;
     mc->default_cpus = mc->min_cpus;
     mc->default_ram_id = "microchip.icicle.kit.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     /*
      * Map 513 MiB high memory, the minimum required high memory size, because
diff --git a/hw/riscv/opentitan.c b/hw/riscv/opentitan.c
index b9e5623..98a67fe 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/opentitan.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/opentitan.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "hw/riscv/boot.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
 #include "system/system.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 
 /*
  * This version of the OpenTitan machine currently supports
diff --git a/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c b/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
index 9a20bcb..679f202 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
@@ -724,6 +724,7 @@ static void sifive_u_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->default_cpu_type = SIFIVE_U_CPU;
     mc->default_cpus = mc->min_cpus;
     mc->default_ram_id = "riscv.sifive.u.ram";
+    mc->auto_create_sdcard = true;
 
     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "start-in-flash",
                                    sifive_u_machine_get_start_in_flash,
diff --git a/hw/rtc/allwinner-rtc.c b/hw/rtc/allwinner-rtc.c
index a19e431..fd8355a 100644
--- a/hw/rtc/allwinner-rtc.c
+++ b/hw/rtc/allwinner-rtc.c
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ static void allwinner_rtc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_rtc_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_rtc_read,
     .write = allwinner_rtc_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/rtc/m48t59-isa.c b/hw/rtc/m48t59-isa.c
index 38bc8dc..9c3855a 100644
--- a/hw/rtc/m48t59-isa.c
+++ b/hw/rtc/m48t59-isa.c
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ static void m48txx_isa_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 static void m48txx_isa_concrete_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     M48txxISADeviceClass *u = M48TXX_ISA_CLASS(klass);
-    M48txxInfo *info = data;
+    const M48txxInfo *info = data;
 
     u->info = *info;
 }
diff --git a/hw/rtc/m48t59.c b/hw/rtc/m48t59.c
index c9bd6f8..3fb2f27 100644
--- a/hw/rtc/m48t59.c
+++ b/hw/rtc/m48t59.c
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ static void m48txx_sysbus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 static void m48txx_sysbus_concrete_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     M48txxSysBusDeviceClass *u = M48TXX_SYS_BUS_CLASS(klass);
-    M48txxInfo *info = data;
+    const M48txxInfo *info = data;
 
     u->info = *info;
 }
diff --git a/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c b/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c
index 88c8f12..4afd77e 100644
--- a/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c
+++ b/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c
@@ -110,9 +110,6 @@ static void rx_gdbsim_init(MachineState *machine)
     if (!kernel_filename) {
         if (machine->firmware) {
             rom_add_file_fixed(machine->firmware, RX62N_CFLASH_BASE, 0);
-        } else if (!qtest_enabled()) {
-            error_report("No bios or kernel specified");
-            exit(1);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
index d9e683c..51ae0c1 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
@@ -817,7 +817,6 @@ static void ccw_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     mc->no_cdrom = 1;
     mc->no_floppy = 1;
     mc->no_parallel = 1;
-    mc->no_sdcard = 1;
     mc->max_cpus = S390_MAX_CPUS;
     mc->has_hotpluggable_cpus = true;
     mc->smp_props.books_supported = true;
diff --git a/hw/sd/allwinner-sdhost.c b/hw/sd/allwinner-sdhost.c
index ee5c5c7..03980d2 100644
--- a/hw/sd/allwinner-sdhost.c
+++ b/hw/sd/allwinner-sdhost.c
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ static void allwinner_sdhost_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_sdhost_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_sdhost_read,
     .write = allwinner_sdhost_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h b/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h
index 5f3765f..9f768c4 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h
+++ b/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h
@@ -322,6 +322,6 @@ void sdhci_initfn(SDHCIState *s);
 void sdhci_uninitfn(SDHCIState *s);
 void sdhci_common_realize(SDHCIState *s, Error **errp);
 void sdhci_common_unrealize(SDHCIState *s);
-void sdhci_common_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data);
+void sdhci_common_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/hw/sd/sdhci.c b/hw/sd/sdhci.c
index 99dd4a4..1f45a77 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sdhci.c
+++ b/hw/sd/sdhci.c
@@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@ const VMStateDescription sdhci_vmstate = {
     },
 };
 
-void sdhci_common_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+void sdhci_common_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
diff --git a/hw/sensor/emc141x.c b/hw/sensor/emc141x.c
index aeccd2a..33c1bd3 100644
--- a/hw/sensor/emc141x.c
+++ b/hw/sensor/emc141x.c
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ static void emc141x_initfn(Object *obj)
                         emc141x_set_temperature, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
-static void emc141x_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+static void emc141x_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     I2CSlaveClass *k = I2C_SLAVE_CLASS(klass);
diff --git a/hw/sensor/isl_pmbus_vr.c b/hw/sensor/isl_pmbus_vr.c
index 304a66e..c60282c 100644
--- a/hw/sensor/isl_pmbus_vr.c
+++ b/hw/sensor/isl_pmbus_vr.c
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static void raa228000_init(Object *obj)
     isl_pmbus_vr_add_props(obj, flags, 1);
 }
 
-static void isl_pmbus_vr_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data,
+static void isl_pmbus_vr_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data,
                                     uint8_t pages)
 {
     PMBusDeviceClass *k = PMBUS_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
diff --git a/hw/sensor/tmp421.c b/hw/sensor/tmp421.c
index 82e6042..007f7cd 100644
--- a/hw/sensor/tmp421.c
+++ b/hw/sensor/tmp421.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ struct TMP421State {
 
 struct TMP421Class {
     I2CSlaveClass parent_class;
-    DeviceInfo *dev;
+    const DeviceInfo *dev;
 };
 
 #define TYPE_TMP421 "tmp421-generic"
diff --git a/hw/ssi/allwinner-a10-spi.c b/hw/ssi/allwinner-a10-spi.c
index 3eb50b4..d2f6bb9 100644
--- a/hw/ssi/allwinner-a10-spi.c
+++ b/hw/ssi/allwinner-a10-spi.c
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_a10_spi_ops = {
     .write = allwinner_a10_spi_write,
     .valid.min_access_size = 1,
     .valid.max_access_size = 4,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static const VMStateDescription allwinner_a10_spi_vmstate = {
diff --git a/hw/ssi/xilinx_spi.c b/hw/ssi/xilinx_spi.c
index fd1ff12..be5baa6 100644
--- a/hw/ssi/xilinx_spi.c
+++ b/hw/ssi/xilinx_spi.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
 #include "hw/ssi/ssi.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(XilinxSPI, XILINX_SPI)
 struct XilinxSPI {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
 
+    EndianMode model_endianness;
     MemoryRegion mmio;
 
     qemu_irq irq;
@@ -313,14 +316,17 @@ done:
     xlx_spi_update_irq(s);
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionOps spi_ops = {
-    .read = spi_read,
-    .write = spi_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
-    .valid = {
-        .min_access_size = 4,
-        .max_access_size = 4
-    }
+static const MemoryRegionOps spi_ops[2] = {
+    [0 ... 1] = {
+        .read = spi_read,
+        .write = spi_write,
+        .valid = {
+            .min_access_size = 4,
+            .max_access_size = 4,
+        },
+    },
+    [0].endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+    [1].endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static void xilinx_spi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
@@ -329,6 +335,12 @@ static void xilinx_spi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     XilinxSPI *s = XILINX_SPI(dev);
     int i;
 
+    if (s->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        error_setg(errp, TYPE_XILINX_SPI " property 'endianness'"
+                         " must be set to 'big' or 'little'");
+        return;
+    }
+
     DB_PRINT("\n");
 
     s->spi = ssi_create_bus(dev, "spi");
@@ -339,7 +351,8 @@ static void xilinx_spi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         sysbus_init_irq(sbd, &s->cs_lines[i]);
     }
 
-    memory_region_init_io(&s->mmio, OBJECT(s), &spi_ops, s,
+    memory_region_init_io(&s->mmio, OBJECT(s),
+                          &spi_ops[s->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_BIG], s,
                           "xilinx-spi", R_MAX * 4);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->mmio);
 
@@ -362,6 +375,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_xilinx_spi = {
 };
 
 static const Property xilinx_spi_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN_NODEFAULT("endianness", XilinxSPI, model_endianness),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("num-ss-bits", XilinxSPI, num_cs, 1),
 };
 
diff --git a/hw/timer/allwinner-a10-pit.c b/hw/timer/allwinner-a10-pit.c
index ddaf212..da3d717 100644
--- a/hw/timer/allwinner-a10-pit.c
+++ b/hw/timer/allwinner-a10-pit.c
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static void a10_pit_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, uint64_t value,
 static const MemoryRegionOps a10_pit_ops = {
     .read = a10_pit_read,
     .write = a10_pit_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static const Property a10_pit_properties[] = {
diff --git a/hw/timer/xilinx_timer.c b/hw/timer/xilinx_timer.c
index 6595cf5..4620528 100644
--- a/hw/timer/xilinx_timer.c
+++ b/hw/timer/xilinx_timer.c
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Edgar E. Iglesias.
  *
+ * DS573: https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/xps_timer
+ * LogiCORE IP XPS Timer/Counter (v1.02a)
+ *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
@@ -23,10 +26,12 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/ptimer.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
@@ -69,6 +74,7 @@ struct XpsTimerState
 {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
 
+    EndianMode model_endianness;
     MemoryRegion mmio;
     qemu_irq irq;
     uint8_t one_timer_only;
@@ -189,18 +195,21 @@ timer_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
     timer_update_irq(t);
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionOps timer_ops = {
-    .read = timer_read,
-    .write = timer_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
-    .impl = {
-        .min_access_size = 4,
-        .max_access_size = 4,
+static const MemoryRegionOps timer_ops[2] = {
+    [0 ... 1] = {
+        .read = timer_read,
+        .write = timer_write,
+        .impl = {
+            .min_access_size = 4,
+            .max_access_size = 4,
+        },
+        .valid = {
+            .min_access_size = 4,
+            .max_access_size = 4,
+        },
     },
-    .valid = {
-        .min_access_size = 4,
-        .max_access_size = 4
-    }
+    [0].endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+    [1].endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
 };
 
 static void timer_hit(void *opaque)
@@ -220,6 +229,12 @@ static void xilinx_timer_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     XpsTimerState *t = XILINX_TIMER(dev);
     unsigned int i;
 
+    if (t->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        error_setg(errp, TYPE_XILINX_TIMER " property 'endianness'"
+                         " must be set to 'big' or 'little'");
+        return;
+    }
+
     /* Init all the ptimers.  */
     t->timers = g_malloc0(sizeof t->timers[0] * num_timers(t));
     for (i = 0; i < num_timers(t); i++) {
@@ -233,8 +248,9 @@ static void xilinx_timer_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         ptimer_transaction_commit(xt->ptimer);
     }
 
-    memory_region_init_io(&t->mmio, OBJECT(t), &timer_ops, t, "xlnx.xps-timer",
-                          R_MAX * 4 * num_timers(t));
+    memory_region_init_io(&t->mmio, OBJECT(t),
+                          &timer_ops[t->model_endianness == ENDIAN_MODE_BIG],
+                          t, "xlnx.xps-timer", R_MAX * 4 * num_timers(t));
     sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &t->mmio);
 }
 
@@ -247,6 +263,7 @@ static void xilinx_timer_init(Object *obj)
 }
 
 static const Property xilinx_timer_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN_NODEFAULT("endianness", XpsTimerState, model_endianness),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("clock-frequency", XpsTimerState, freq_hz, 62 * 1000000),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("one-timer-only", XpsTimerState, one_timer_only, 0),
 };
diff --git a/hw/tpm/tpm_tis_sysbus.c b/hw/tpm/tpm_tis_sysbus.c
index ee0bfe9..4f18769 100644
--- a/hw/tpm/tpm_tis_sysbus.c
+++ b/hw/tpm/tpm_tis_sysbus.c
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ static void tpm_tis_sysbus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->vmsd  = &vmstate_tpm_tis_sysbus;
     tc->model = TPM_MODEL_TPM_TIS;
     dc->realize = tpm_tis_sysbus_realizefn;
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
     device_class_set_legacy_reset(dc, tpm_tis_sysbus_reset);
     tc->request_completed = tpm_tis_sysbus_request_completed;
     tc->get_version = tpm_tis_sysbus_get_tpm_version;
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ static void tpm_tis_sysbus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 
 static const TypeInfo tpm_tis_sysbus_info = {
     .name = TYPE_TPM_TIS_SYSBUS,
-    .parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+    .parent = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(TPMStateSysBus),
     .instance_init = tpm_tis_sysbus_initfn,
     .class_init  = tpm_tis_sysbus_class_init,
diff --git a/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c b/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c
index d410c38..e003167 100644
--- a/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c
+++ b/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static void ehci_data_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
-    EHCIPCIInfo *i = data;
+    const EHCIPCIInfo *i = data;
 
     k->vendor_id = i->vendor_id;
     k->device_id = i->device_id;
diff --git a/hw/usb/hcd-uhci.c b/hw/usb/hcd-uhci.c
index 8528d49..0561a6d 100644
--- a/hw/usb/hcd-uhci.c
+++ b/hw/usb/hcd-uhci.c
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ void uhci_data_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     UHCIPCIDeviceClass *u = UHCI_CLASS(klass);
-    UHCIInfo *info = data;
+    const UHCIInfo *info = data;
 
     k->realize = info->realize ? info->realize : usb_uhci_common_realize;
     k->exit = info->unplug ? usb_uhci_exit : NULL;
diff --git a/hw/usb/xen-usb.c b/hw/usb/xen-usb.c
index 13b065b0..fa46a7d 100644
--- a/hw/usb/xen-usb.c
+++ b/hw/usb/xen-usb.c
@@ -755,10 +755,10 @@ static void usbback_portid_add(struct usbback_info *usbif, unsigned port,
 
     qdict = qdict_new();
     qdict_put_str(qdict, "driver", "usb-host");
-    tmp = g_strdup_printf("%s.0", usbif->xendev.qdev.id);
+    tmp = g_strdup_printf("%s.0", DEVICE(&usbif->xendev)->id);
     qdict_put_str(qdict, "bus", tmp);
     g_free(tmp);
-    tmp = g_strdup_printf("%s-%u", usbif->xendev.qdev.id, port);
+    tmp = g_strdup_printf("%s-%u", DEVICE(&usbif->xendev)->id, port);
     qdict_put_str(qdict, "id", tmp);
     g_free(tmp);
     qdict_put_int(qdict, "port", port);
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ static void usbback_alloc(struct XenLegacyDevice *xendev)
     usbif = container_of(xendev, struct usbback_info, xendev);
 
     usb_bus_new(&usbif->bus, sizeof(usbif->bus), &xen_usb_bus_ops,
-                DEVICE(&xendev->qdev));
+                DEVICE(xendev));
     for (i = 0; i < USBBACK_MAXPORTS; i++) {
         p = &(usbif->ports[i].port);
         usb_register_port(&usbif->bus, p, usbif, i, &xen_usb_port_ops,
diff --git a/hw/vfio/amd-xgbe.c b/hw/vfio/amd-xgbe.c
index 96bd608..aaa9690 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/amd-xgbe.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/amd-xgbe.c
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ static void vfio_amd_xgbe_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
                                     &vcxc->parent_realize);
     dc->desc = "VFIO AMD XGBE";
     dc->vmsd = &vfio_platform_amd_xgbe_vmstate;
-    /* Supported by TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo vfio_amd_xgbe_dev_info = {
diff --git a/hw/vfio/calxeda-xgmac.c b/hw/vfio/calxeda-xgmac.c
index 87c382e..b016d42 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/calxeda-xgmac.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/calxeda-xgmac.c
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ static void vfio_calxeda_xgmac_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
                                     &vcxc->parent_realize);
     dc->desc = "VFIO Calxeda XGMAC";
     dc->vmsd = &vfio_platform_calxeda_xgmac_vmstate;
-    /* Supported by TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo vfio_calxeda_xgmac_dev_info = {
diff --git a/hw/vfio/platform.c b/hw/vfio/platform.c
index 1070a21..f491f4d 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/platform.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/platform.c
@@ -672,13 +672,11 @@ static void vfio_platform_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->desc = "VFIO-based platform device assignment";
     sbc->connect_irq_notifier = vfio_start_irqfd_injection;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
-    /* Supported by TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo vfio_platform_dev_info = {
     .name = TYPE_VFIO_PLATFORM,
-    .parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+    .parent = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(VFIOPlatformDevice),
     .instance_init = vfio_platform_instance_init,
     .class_init = vfio_platform_class_init,
diff --git a/hw/watchdog/allwinner-wdt.c b/hw/watchdog/allwinner-wdt.c
index 1bfec41..78f4f9d 100644
--- a/hw/watchdog/allwinner-wdt.c
+++ b/hw/watchdog/allwinner-wdt.c
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ static void allwinner_wdt_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
 static const MemoryRegionOps allwinner_wdt_ops = {
     .read = allwinner_wdt_read,
     .write = allwinner_wdt_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.c b/hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.c
index 118c571..bf58db0 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.c
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ static struct XenLegacyDevice *xen_be_get_xendev(const char *type, int dom,
 
     /* init new xendev */
     xendev = g_malloc0(ops->size);
-    object_initialize(&xendev->qdev, ops->size, TYPE_XENBACKEND);
+    object_initialize(xendev, ops->size, TYPE_XENBACKEND);
     OBJECT(xendev)->free = g_free;
     qdev_set_id(DEVICE(xendev), g_strdup_printf("xen-%s-%d", type, dev),
                 &error_fatal);
@@ -640,16 +640,14 @@ static void xendev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
-    /* xen-backend devices can be plugged/unplugged dynamically */
-    dc->user_creatable = true;
     dc->bus_type = TYPE_XENSYSBUS;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo xendev_type_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_XENBACKEND,
-    .parent        = TYPE_DEVICE,
+    .parent        = TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .class_init    = xendev_class_init,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(struct XenLegacyDevice),
+    .instance_size = sizeof(XenLegacyDevice),
 };
 
 static void xen_sysbus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -672,7 +670,6 @@ static const TypeInfo xensysbus_info = {
 static const TypeInfo xensysdev_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_XENSYSDEV,
     .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(SysBusDevice),
 };
 
 static void xenbe_register_types(void)
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.c b/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.c
index c9143ba..fe95b62 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.c
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ void xen_pv_del_xendev(struct XenLegacyDevice *xendev)
 
     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&xendevs, xendev, next);
 
-    qdev_unplug(&xendev->qdev, NULL);
+    qdev_unplug(DEVICE(xendev), NULL);
 }
 
 void xen_pv_insert_xendev(struct XenLegacyDevice *xendev)
diff --git a/include/hw/boards.h b/include/hw/boards.h
index e1f41b2..9360d1c 100644
--- a/include/hw/boards.h
+++ b/include/hw/boards.h
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ struct MachineClass {
         no_parallel:1,
         no_floppy:1,
         no_cdrom:1,
-        no_sdcard:1,
         pci_allow_0_address:1,
         legacy_fw_cfg_order:1;
+    bool auto_create_sdcard;
     bool is_default;
     const char *default_machine_opts;
     const char *default_boot_order;
diff --git a/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h b/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h
index 7ec37f6..ead4dfc 100644
--- a/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h
+++ b/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_pcie_link_speed;
 extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_pcie_link_width;
 extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_cpus390entitlement;
 extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_iothread_vq_mapping_list;
+extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_endian_mode;
 
 #define DEFINE_PROP_PCI_DEVFN(_n, _s, _f, _d)                   \
     DEFINE_PROP_SIGNED(_n, _s, _f, _d, qdev_prop_pci_devfn, int32_t)
@@ -97,4 +98,10 @@ extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_iothread_vq_mapping_list;
     DEFINE_PROP(_name, _state, _field, qdev_prop_iothread_vq_mapping_list, \
                 IOThreadVirtQueueMappingList *)
 
+#define DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN(_name, _state, _field, _default) \
+    DEFINE_PROP_UNSIGNED(_name, _state, _field, _default, \
+                         qdev_prop_endian_mode, EndianMode)
+#define DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN_NODEFAULT(_name, _state, _field) \
+    DEFINE_PROP_ENDIAN(_name, _state, _field, ENDIAN_MODE_UNSPECIFIED)
+
 #endif
diff --git a/include/hw/sysbus.h b/include/hw/sysbus.h
index c9b1e0e..81bbda1 100644
--- a/include/hw/sysbus.h
+++ b/include/hw/sysbus.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ DECLARE_INSTANCE_CHECKER(BusState, SYSTEM_BUS,
 OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(SysBusDevice, SysBusDeviceClass,
                     SYS_BUS_DEVICE)
 
+#define TYPE_DYNAMIC_SYS_BUS_DEVICE "dynamic-sysbus-device"
+
 /**
  * SysBusDeviceClass:
  *
diff --git a/include/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.h b/include/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.h
index 0c98444..629bec9 100644
--- a/include/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.h
+++ b/include/hw/xen/xen_pvdev.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef QEMU_HW_XEN_PVDEV_H
 #define QEMU_HW_XEN_PVDEV_H
 
-#include "hw/qdev-core.h"
+#include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "hw/xen/xen_backend_ops.h"
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ struct XenDevOps {
 };
 
 struct XenLegacyDevice {
-    DeviceState        qdev;
+    SysBusDevice parent_obj;
+
     const char         *type;
     int                dom;
     int                dev;
diff --git a/qapi/common.json b/qapi/common.json
index 6ffc7a3..0e3a0bb 100644
--- a/qapi/common.json
+++ b/qapi/common.json
@@ -212,3 +212,17 @@
 ##
 { 'struct': 'HumanReadableText',
   'data': { 'human-readable-text': 'str' } }
+
+##
+# @EndianMode:
+#
+# @unspecified: Endianness not specified
+#
+# @little: Little endianness
+#
+# @big: Big endianness
+#
+# Since: 10.0
+##
+{ 'enum': 'EndianMode',
+  'data': [ 'unspecified', 'little', 'big' ] }
diff --git a/system/vl.c b/system/vl.c
index 9c6942c..2a570ed 100644
--- a/system/vl.c
+++ b/system/vl.c
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include "hw/usb.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
+#include "hw/sd/sd.h"
 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ static int default_parallel = 1;
 static int default_monitor = 1;
 static int default_floppy = 1;
 static int default_cdrom = 1;
-static int default_sdcard = 1;
+static bool auto_create_sdcard = true;
 static int default_vga = 1;
 static int default_net = 1;
 
@@ -718,7 +719,7 @@ static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
                   CDROM_OPTS);
     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
-    default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
+    default_drive(auto_create_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
 
 }
 
@@ -1346,8 +1347,8 @@ static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
         default_cdrom = 0;
     }
-    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
-        default_sdcard = 0;
+    if (!has_defaults || !machine_class->auto_create_sdcard) {
+        auto_create_sdcard = false;
     }
     if (!has_defaults) {
         default_audio = 0;
@@ -2661,12 +2662,27 @@ static void qemu_init_displays(void)
 
 static void qemu_init_board(void)
 {
+    MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
+
     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
 
     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
 
+    if (machine_class->auto_create_sdcard) {
+        bool ambigous;
+
+        /* Ensure there is a SD bus available to create SD card on */
+        Object *obj = object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_SD_BUS, &ambigous);
+        if (!obj && !ambigous) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Can not create sd-card on '%s' machine"
+                            " because it lacks a sd-bus\n",
+                            machine_class->name);
+            abort();
+        }
+    }
+
     drive_check_orphaned();
 
     realtime_init();
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_microblaze_s3adsp1800.py b/tests/functional/test_microblaze_s3adsp1800.py
index 2c4464b..c4226f4 100755
--- a/tests/functional/test_microblaze_s3adsp1800.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_microblaze_s3adsp1800.py
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ class MicroblazeMachine(QemuSystemTest):
 
     timeout = 90
 
-    ASSET_IMAGE = Asset(
+    ASSET_IMAGE_BE = Asset(
         ('https://qemu-advcal.gitlab.io/qac-best-of-multiarch/download/'
          'day17.tar.xz'),
         '3ba7439dfbea7af4876662c97f8e1f0cdad9231fc166e4861d17042489270057')
 
-    def test_microblaze_s3adsp1800(self):
-        self.set_machine('petalogix-s3adsp1800')
-        self.archive_extract(self.ASSET_IMAGE)
+    def do_ballerina_be_test(self, machine):
+        self.set_machine(machine)
+        self.archive_extract(self.ASSET_IMAGE_BE)
         self.vm.set_console()
         self.vm.add_args('-kernel',
                          self.scratch_file('day17', 'ballerina.bin'))
@@ -34,5 +34,8 @@ class MicroblazeMachine(QemuSystemTest):
         # message, that's why we don't test for a later string here. This
         # needs some investigation by a microblaze wizard one day...
 
+    def test_microblaze_s3adsp1800_legacy_be(self):
+        self.do_ballerina_be_test('petalogix-s3adsp1800')
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     QemuSystemTest.main()
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_microblazeel_s3adsp1800.py b/tests/functional/test_microblazeel_s3adsp1800.py
index c382afe..60aab4a 100755
--- a/tests/functional/test_microblazeel_s3adsp1800.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_microblazeel_s3adsp1800.py
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 # This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
 # later. See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 
-import time
-from qemu_test import exec_command, exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern
+from qemu_test import exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern
 from qemu_test import QemuSystemTest, Asset
 from qemu_test import wait_for_console_pattern
 
@@ -17,26 +16,28 @@ class MicroblazeelMachine(QemuSystemTest):
 
     timeout = 90
 
-    ASSET_IMAGE = Asset(
+    ASSET_IMAGE_LE = Asset(
         ('http://www.qemu-advent-calendar.org/2023/download/day13.tar.gz'),
         'b9b3d43c5dd79db88ada495cc6e0d1f591153fe41355e925d791fbf44de50c22')
 
-    def test_microblazeel_s3adsp1800(self):
+    def do_xmaton_le_test(self, machine):
         self.require_netdev('user')
-        self.set_machine('petalogix-s3adsp1800')
-        self.archive_extract(self.ASSET_IMAGE)
+        self.set_machine(machine)
+        self.archive_extract(self.ASSET_IMAGE_LE)
         self.vm.set_console()
         self.vm.add_args('-kernel', self.scratch_file('day13', 'xmaton.bin'))
         tftproot = self.scratch_file('day13')
         self.vm.add_args('-nic', f'user,tftp={tftproot}')
         self.vm.launch()
         wait_for_console_pattern(self, 'QEMU Advent Calendar 2023')
-        time.sleep(0.1)
-        exec_command(self, 'root')
-        time.sleep(0.1)
+        wait_for_console_pattern(self, 'buildroot login:')
+        exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'root', '#')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self,
                 'tftp -g -r xmaton.png 10.0.2.2 ; md5sum xmaton.png',
                 '821cd3cab8efd16ad6ee5acc3642a8ea')
 
+    def test_microblaze_s3adsp1800_legacy_le(self):
+        self.do_xmaton_le_test('petalogix-s3adsp1800')
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     QemuSystemTest.main()
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/172.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/172.out
index 07eebf3..146fc72 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/172.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/172.out
@@ -68,9 +68,6 @@ floppy0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -125,9 +122,6 @@ ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
 floppy0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -183,9 +177,6 @@ floppy1 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -265,9 +256,6 @@ floppy0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -322,9 +310,6 @@ ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
 floppy0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -380,9 +365,6 @@ floppy1 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -422,9 +404,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -461,9 +440,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -519,9 +495,6 @@ none1 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -586,9 +559,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -644,9 +614,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -702,9 +669,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -760,9 +724,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -827,9 +788,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -885,9 +843,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -930,9 +885,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -1106,9 +1058,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -1145,9 +1094,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -1187,9 +1133,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit
 
 
@@ -1226,9 +1169,6 @@ none0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
 ide1-cd0: [not inserted]
     Attached to:      /machine/unattached/device[N]
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
-
-sd0: [not inserted]
-    Removable device: not locked, tray closed
 (qemu) quit