gfxstream + rutabaga: add initial support for gfxstream

This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
are also implemented in this patch.

gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
platform.

Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.

gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].

One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.

Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
"AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.

cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.

In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
both require to function correctly.

Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
them.

It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
enthusiasts.

Technical details:
  - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
  - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
    calls

Next steps for Android VMs:
  - The next step would be improving display integration and UI interfaces
    with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
    release [d].

Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
  - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or the
    wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition, newer
    versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
    which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough, it'll
    probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this display
    virtualization strategy.

[a] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
[b] https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
[c] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
[d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
[e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl

Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <gurchetansingh@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is>
Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <manos.pitsidianakis@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <akihiko.odaki@daynix.com>
Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <manos.pitsidianakis@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <quic_acaggian@quicinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <akihiko.odaki@daynix.com>

3 files changed, 1217 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c96729e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pci.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI, VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI)
+
+struct VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI {
+    VirtIOGPUPCIBase parent_obj;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
+};
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn(Object *obj)
+{
+    VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI *dev = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI(obj);
+
+    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
+                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
+    VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE(obj)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info[] = {
+    {
+        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI,
+        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE,
+        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI),
+        .instance_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn,
+        .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+            { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
+        }
+    },
+};
+
+DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info)
+
+module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI);
+module_kconfig(VIRTIO_PCI);
+module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu-pci");
diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e67f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1120 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/iov.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
+
+#include <glib/gmem.h>
+#include <rutabaga_gfx/rutabaga_gfx_ffi.h>
+
+#define CHECK(condition, cmd)                                                 \
+    do {                                                                      \
+        if (!(condition)) {                                                   \
+            error_report("CHECK failed in %s() %s:" "%d", __func__,           \
+                         __FILE__, __LINE__);                                 \
+            (cmd)->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;                        \
+            return;                                                           \
+       }                                                                      \
+    } while (0)
+
+struct rutabaga_aio_data {
+    struct VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr;
+    struct rutabaga_fence fence;
+};
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_scanout *s,
+                                  uint32_t resource_id)
+{
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, resource_id);
+    if (!res) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (res->width != s->current_cursor->width ||
+        res->height != s->current_cursor->height) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transfer.x = 0;
+    transfer.y = 0;
+    transfer.z = 0;
+    transfer.w = res->width;
+    transfer.h = res->height;
+    transfer.d = 1;
+
+    transfer_iovec.iov_base = s->current_cursor->data;
+    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
+
+    rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
+                                    resource_id, &transfer,
+                                    &transfer_iovec);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed(VirtIOGPUBase *b)
+{
+    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(b);
+    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d c2d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c2d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_2d(c2d.resource_id, c2d.format,
+                                       c2d.width, c2d.height);
+
+    rc_3d.target = 2;
+    rc_3d.format = c2d.format;
+    rc_3d.bind = (1 << 1);
+    rc_3d.width = c2d.width;
+    rc_3d.height = c2d.height;
+    rc_3d.depth = 1;
+    rc_3d.array_size = 1;
+    rc_3d.last_level = 0;
+    rc_3d.nr_samples = 0;
+    rc_3d.flags = VIRTIO_GPU_RESOURCE_FLAG_Y_0_TOP;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c2d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
+    res->width = c2d.width;
+    res->height = c2d.height;
+    res->format = c2d.format;
+    res->resource_id = c2d.resource_id;
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_3d c3d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c3d);
+
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d(c3d.resource_id, c3d.format,
+                                       c3d.width, c3d.height, c3d.depth);
+
+    rc_3d.target = c3d.target;
+    rc_3d.format = c3d.format;
+    rc_3d.bind = c3d.bind;
+    rc_3d.width = c3d.width;
+    rc_3d.height = c3d.height;
+    rc_3d.depth = c3d.depth;
+    rc_3d.array_size = c3d.array_size;
+    rc_3d.last_level = c3d.last_level;
+    rc_3d.nr_samples = c3d.nr_samples;
+    rc_3d.flags = c3d.flags;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c3d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
+    res->width = c3d.width;
+    res->height = c3d.height;
+    res->format = c3d.format;
+    res->resource_id = c3d.resource_id;
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unref unref;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(unref);
+
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_unref(unref.resource_id);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, unref.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_unref(vr->rutabaga, unref.resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    if (res->image) {
+        pixman_image_unref(res->image);
+    }
+
+    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->reslist, res, next);
+    g_free(res);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_context_create(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_create cc;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cc);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_create(cc.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                    cc.debug_name);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_create(vr->rutabaga, cc.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                     cc.context_init, cc.debug_name, cc.nlen);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                             struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_destroy cd;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cd);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_destroy(cd.hdr.ctx_id);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_destroy(vr->rutabaga, cd.hdr.ctx_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result, i;
+    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_flush rf;
+    bool found = false;
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+    if (vr->headless) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(rf);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_flush(rf.resource_id,
+                                   rf.r.width, rf.r.height, rf.r.x, rf.r.y);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, rf.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < vb->conf.max_outputs; i++) {
+        scanout = &vb->scanout[i];
+        if (i == res->scanout_bitmask) {
+            found = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!found) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transfer.x = 0;
+    transfer.y = 0;
+    transfer.z = 0;
+    transfer.w = res->width;
+    transfer.h = res->height;
+    transfer.d = 1;
+
+    transfer_iovec.iov_base = pixman_image_get_data(res->image);
+    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
+                                             rf.resource_id, &transfer,
+                                             &transfer_iovec);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+    dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
+    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+    if (vr->headless) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
+                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ss.r.x, ss.r.y);
+
+    CHECK(ss.scanout_id < VIRTIO_GPU_MAX_SCANOUTS, cmd);
+    scanout = &vb->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
+
+    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
+        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
+        dpy_gl_scanout_disable(scanout->con);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    if (!res->image) {
+        pixman_format_code_t pformat;
+        pformat = virtio_gpu_get_pixman_format(res->format);
+        CHECK(pformat, cmd);
+
+        res->image = pixman_image_create_bits(pformat,
+                                              res->width,
+                                              res->height,
+                                              NULL, 0);
+        CHECK(res->image, cmd);
+        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
+    }
+
+    vb->enable = 1;
+
+    /* realloc the surface ptr */
+    scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
+    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
+    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
+    res->scanout_bitmask = ss.scanout_id;
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                       struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_cmd_submit cs;
+    struct rutabaga_command rutabaga_cmd = { 0 };
+    g_autofree uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+    size_t s;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_submit(cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size);
+
+    buf = g_new0(uint8_t, cs.size);
+    s = iov_to_buf(cmd->elem.out_sg, cmd->elem.out_num,
+                   sizeof(cs), buf, cs.size);
+    CHECK(s == cs.size, cmd);
+
+    rutabaga_cmd.ctx_id = cs.hdr.ctx_id;
+    rutabaga_cmd.cmd = buf;
+    rutabaga_cmd.cmd_size = cs.size;
+
+    result = rutabaga_submit_command(vr->rutabaga, &rutabaga_cmd);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d t2d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t2d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_2d(t2d.resource_id);
+
+    transfer.x = t2d.r.x;
+    transfer.y = t2d.r.y;
+    transfer.z = 0;
+    transfer.w = t2d.r.width;
+    transfer.h = t2d.r.height;
+    transfer.d = 1;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, 0, t2d.resource_id,
+                                              &transfer);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
+
+    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
+    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
+    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
+    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
+    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
+    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
+    transfer.level = t3d.level;
+    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
+    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
+    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                              t3d.resource_id, &transfer);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                   struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_fromh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
+
+    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
+    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
+    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
+    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
+    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
+    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
+    transfer.level = t3d.level;
+    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
+    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
+    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                             t3d.resource_id, &transfer, NULL);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing att_rb;
+    int ret;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_rb);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_attach(att_rb.resource_id);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, att_rb.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+    CHECK(!res->iov, cmd);
+
+    ret = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, att_rb.nr_entries, sizeof(att_rb),
+                                        cmd, NULL, &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
+    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
+
+    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
+    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
+
+    ret = rutabaga_resource_attach_backing(vr->rutabaga, att_rb.resource_id,
+                                           &vecs);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
+    }
+
+    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing detach_rb;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(detach_rb);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_detach(detach_rb.resource_id);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, detach_rb.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    rutabaga_resource_detach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
+                                     detach_rb.resource_id);
+
+    virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource att_res;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_res);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_attach(att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                        att_res.resource_id);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_attach_resource(vr->rutabaga, att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                              att_res.resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource det_res;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(det_res);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_detach(det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                        det_res.resource_id);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_detach_resource(vr->rutabaga, det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                              det_res.resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset_info info;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset_info resp;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(info);
+
+    result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, info.capset_index,
+                                      &resp.capset_id, &resp.capset_max_version,
+                                      &resp.capset_max_size);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET_INFO;
+    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset gc;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset *resp;
+    uint32_t capset_size, capset_version;
+    uint32_t current_id, i;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(gc);
+    for (i = 0; i < vr->num_capsets; i++) {
+        result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, i,
+                                          &current_id, &capset_version,
+                                          &capset_size);
+        CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+        if (current_id == gc.capset_id) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK(i < vr->num_capsets, cmd);
+
+    resp = g_malloc0(sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
+    resp->hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET;
+    rutabaga_get_capset(vr->rutabaga, gc.capset_id, gc.capset_version,
+                        resp->capset_data, capset_size);
+
+    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp->hdr, sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
+    g_free(resp);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                  struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int result;
+    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
+    g_autofree struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res = NULL;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_blob cblob;
+    struct rutabaga_create_blob rc_blob = { 0 };
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cblob);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_blob(cblob.resource_id, cblob.size);
+
+    CHECK(cblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
+
+    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
+
+    res->resource_id = cblob.resource_id;
+    res->blob_size = cblob.size;
+
+    if (cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
+        result = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, cblob.nr_entries,
+                                               sizeof(cblob), cmd, &res->addrs,
+                                               &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
+        CHECK(!result, cmd);
+    }
+
+    rc_blob.blob_id = cblob.blob_id;
+    rc_blob.blob_mem = cblob.blob_mem;
+    rc_blob.blob_flags = cblob.blob_flags;
+    rc_blob.size = cblob.size;
+
+    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
+    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_create_blob(vr->rutabaga, cblob.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                           cblob.resource_id, &rc_blob, &vecs,
+                                           NULL);
+
+    if (result && cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
+        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
+    }
+
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
+    res = NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                               struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    uint32_t map_info = 0;
+    uint32_t slot = 0;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct rutabaga_mapping mapping = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_map_blob mblob;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resp_map_info resp = { 0 };
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(mblob);
+
+    CHECK(mblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, mblob.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_map_info(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id,
+                                        &map_info);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    /*
+     * RUTABAGA_MAP_ACCESS_* flags are not part of the virtio-gpu spec, but do
+     * exist to potentially allow the hypervisor to restrict write access to
+     * memory. QEMU does not need to use this functionality at the moment.
+     */
+    resp.map_info = map_info & RUTABAGA_MAP_CACHE_MASK;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_map(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id, &mapping);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    /*
+     * There is small risk of the MemoryRegion dereferencing the pointer after
+     * rutabaga unmaps it. Please see discussion here:
+     *
+     * https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2023-09/msg05141.html
+     *
+     * It is highly unlikely to happen in practice and doesn't affect known
+     * use cases. However, it should be fixed and is noted here for posterity.
+     */
+    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
+        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].used) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
+        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(mr, OBJECT(vr), "blob", mapping.size,
+                                   mapping.ptr);
+        memory_region_add_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mblob.offset, mr);
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = mblob.resource_id;
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 1;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (slot >= MAX_SLOTS) {
+        result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id);
+        CHECK(!result, cmd);
+    }
+
+    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
+
+    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_MAP_INFO;
+    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    uint32_t slot = 0;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unmap_blob ublob;
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ublob);
+
+    CHECK(ublob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ublob.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
+        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id != ublob.resource_id) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mr);
+
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = 0;
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 0;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
+    result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, res->resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_process_cmd(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_fence fence = { 0 };
+    int32_t result;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cmd->cmd_hdr);
+
+    switch (cmd->cmd_hdr.type) {
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATE:
+        rutabaga_cmd_context_create(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DESTROY:
+        rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING:
+        rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_DETACH_BACKING:
+        rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT:
+        rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREF:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_ATTACH_RESOURCE:
+        rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DETACH_RESOURCE:
+        rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET_INFO:
+        rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET:
+        rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO:
+        virtio_gpu_get_display_info(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_EDID:
+        virtio_gpu_get_edid(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_MAP_BLOB:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNMAP_BLOB:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    default:
+        cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (cmd->finished) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (cmd->error) {
+        error_report("%s: ctrl 0x%x, error 0x%x", __func__,
+                     cmd->cmd_hdr.type, cmd->error);
+        virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(g, cmd, cmd->error);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!(cmd->cmd_hdr.flags & VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_FENCE)) {
+        virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(g, cmd, VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_NODATA);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fence.flags = cmd->cmd_hdr.flags;
+    fence.ctx_id = cmd->cmd_hdr.ctx_id;
+    fence.fence_id = cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id;
+    fence.ring_idx = cmd->cmd_hdr.ring_idx;
+
+    trace_virtio_gpu_fence_ctrl(cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id, cmd->cmd_hdr.type);
+
+    result = rutabaga_create_fence(vr->rutabaga, &fence);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_aio_cb(void *opaque)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_aio_data *data = opaque;
+    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(data->vr);
+    struct rutabaga_fence fence_data = data->fence;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd, *tmp;
+
+    uint32_t signaled_ctx_specific = fence_data.flags &
+                                     RUTABAGA_FLAG_INFO_RING_IDX;
+
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cmd, &g->fenceq, next, tmp) {
+        /*
+         * Due to context specific timelines.
+         */
+        uint32_t target_ctx_specific = cmd->cmd_hdr.flags &
+                                       RUTABAGA_FLAG_INFO_RING_IDX;
+
+        if (signaled_ctx_specific != target_ctx_specific) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (signaled_ctx_specific &&
+           (cmd->cmd_hdr.ring_idx != fence_data.ring_idx)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id > fence_data.fence_id) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        trace_virtio_gpu_fence_resp(cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id);
+        virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(g, cmd, VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_NODATA);
+        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->fenceq, cmd, next);
+        g_free(cmd);
+    }
+
+    g_free(data);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_fence_cb(uint64_t user_data,
+                             const struct rutabaga_fence *fence)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_aio_data *data;
+    VirtIOGPU *g = (VirtIOGPU *)user_data;
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    /*
+     * gfxstream and both cross-domain (and even newer versions virglrenderer:
+     * see VIRGL_RENDERER_ASYNC_FENCE_CB) like to signal fence completion on
+     * threads ("callback threads") that are different from the thread that
+     * processes the command queue ("main thread").
+     *
+     * crosvm and other virtio-gpu 1.1 implementations enable callback threads
+     * via locking.  However, on QEMU a deadlock is observed if
+     * virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(..) [used in the fence callback] is used
+     * from a thread that is not the main thread.
+     *
+     * The reason is QEMU's internal locking is designed to work with QEMU
+     * threads (see rcu_register_thread()) and not generic C/C++/Rust threads.
+     * For now, we can workaround this by scheduling the return of the
+     * fence descriptors on the main thread.
+     */
+
+    data = g_new0(struct rutabaga_aio_data, 1);
+    data->vr = vr;
+    data->fence = *fence;
+    aio_bh_schedule_oneshot(qemu_get_aio_context(),
+                            virtio_gpu_rutabaga_aio_cb,
+                            data);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_debug_cb(uint64_t user_data,
+                             const struct rutabaga_debug *debug)
+{
+    switch (debug->debug_type) {
+    case RUTABAGA_DEBUG_ERROR:
+        error_report("%s", debug->message);
+        break;
+    case RUTABAGA_DEBUG_WARN:
+        warn_report("%s", debug->message);
+        break;
+    case RUTABAGA_DEBUG_INFO:
+        info_report("%s", debug->message);
+        break;
+    default:
+        error_report("unknown debug type: %u", debug->debug_type);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool virtio_gpu_rutabaga_init(VirtIOGPU *g, Error **errp)
+{
+    int result;
+    struct rutabaga_builder builder = { 0 };
+    struct rutabaga_channel channel = { 0 };
+    struct rutabaga_channels channels = { 0 };
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+    vr->rutabaga = NULL;
+
+    builder.wsi = RUTABAGA_WSI_SURFACELESS;
+    /*
+     * Currently, if WSI is specified, the only valid strings are "surfaceless"
+     * or "headless".  Surfaceless doesn't create a native window surface, but
+     * does copy from the render target to the Pixman buffer if a virtio-gpu
+     * 2D hypercall is issued.  Surfacless is the default.
+     *
+     * Headless is like surfaceless, but doesn't copy to the Pixman buffer. The
+     * use case is automated testing environments where there is no need to view
+     * results.
+     *
+     * In the future, more performant virtio-gpu 2D UI integration may be added.
+     */
+    if (vr->wsi) {
+        if (g_str_equal(vr->wsi, "surfaceless")) {
+            vr->headless = false;
+        } else if (g_str_equal(vr->wsi, "headless")) {
+            vr->headless = true;
+        } else {
+            error_setg(errp, "invalid wsi option selected");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    builder.fence_cb = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_fence_cb;
+    builder.debug_cb = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_debug_cb;
+    builder.capset_mask = vr->capset_mask;
+    builder.user_data = (uint64_t)g;
+
+    /*
+     * If the user doesn't specify the wayland socket path, we try to infer
+     * the socket via a process similar to the one used by libwayland.
+     * libwayland does the following:
+     *
+     * 1) If $WAYLAND_DISPLAY is set, attempt to connect to
+     *    $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY
+     * 2) Otherwise, attempt to connect to $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-0
+     * 3) Otherwise, don't pass a wayland socket to rutabaga. If a guest
+     *    wayland proxy is launched, it will fail to work.
+     */
+    channel.channel_type = RUTABAGA_CHANNEL_TYPE_WAYLAND;
+    g_autofree gchar *path = NULL;
+    if (!vr->wayland_socket_path) {
+        const gchar *runtime_dir = g_get_user_runtime_dir();
+        const gchar *display = g_getenv("WAYLAND_DISPLAY");
+        if (!display) {
+            display = "wayland-0";
+        }
+
+        if (runtime_dir) {
+            path = g_build_filename(runtime_dir, display, NULL);
+            channel.channel_name = path;
+        }
+    } else {
+        channel.channel_name = vr->wayland_socket_path;
+    }
+
+    if ((builder.capset_mask & (1 << RUTABAGA_CAPSET_CROSS_DOMAIN))) {
+        if (channel.channel_name) {
+            channels.channels = &channel;
+            channels.num_channels = 1;
+            builder.channels = &channels;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = rutabaga_init(&builder, &vr->rutabaga);
+    if (result) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Failed to init rutabaga");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int virtio_gpu_rutabaga_get_num_capsets(VirtIOGPU *g)
+{
+    int result;
+    uint32_t num_capsets;
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    result = rutabaga_get_num_capsets(vr->rutabaga, &num_capsets);
+    if (result) {
+        error_report("Failed to get capsets");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    vr->num_capsets = num_capsets;
+    return num_capsets;
+}
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_handle_ctrl(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
+{
+    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(vdev);
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd;
+
+    if (!virtio_queue_ready(vq)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    cmd = virtqueue_pop(vq, sizeof(struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command));
+    while (cmd) {
+        cmd->vq = vq;
+        cmd->error = 0;
+        cmd->finished = false;
+        QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&g->cmdq, cmd, next);
+        cmd = virtqueue_pop(vq, sizeof(struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command));
+    }
+
+    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
+}
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
+{
+    int num_capsets;
+    VirtIOGPUBase *bdev = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(qdev);
+    VirtIOGPU *gpudev = VIRTIO_GPU(qdev);
+
+#if HOST_BIG_ENDIAN
+    error_setg(errp, "rutabaga is not supported on bigendian platforms");
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    if (!virtio_gpu_rutabaga_init(gpudev, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    num_capsets = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_get_num_capsets(gpudev);
+    if (!num_capsets) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bdev->conf.flags |= (1 << VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_RUTABAGA_ENABLED);
+    bdev->conf.flags |= (1 << VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_BLOB_ENABLED);
+    bdev->conf.flags |= (1 << VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_CONTEXT_INIT_ENABLED);
+
+    bdev->virtio_config.num_capsets = num_capsets;
+    virtio_gpu_device_realize(qdev, errp);
+}
+
+static Property virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("gfxstream-vulkan", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_mask,
+                      RUTABAGA_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_VULKAN, false),
+    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("cross-domain", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_mask,
+                      RUTABAGA_CAPSET_CROSS_DOMAIN, false),
+    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("x-gfxstream-gles", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_mask,
+                      RUTABAGA_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_GLES, false),
+    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("x-gfxstream-composer", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_mask,
+                      RUTABAGA_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_COMPOSER, false),
+    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wayland-socket-path", VirtIOGPURutabaga,
+                       wayland_socket_path),
+    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wsi", VirtIOGPURutabaga, wsi),
+    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+    VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+    VirtIOGPUBaseClass *vbc = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE_CLASS(klass);
+    VirtIOGPUClass *vgc = VIRTIO_GPU_CLASS(klass);
+
+    vbc->gl_flushed = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed;
+    vgc->handle_ctrl = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_handle_ctrl;
+    vgc->process_cmd = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_process_cmd;
+    vgc->update_cursor_data = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor;
+
+    vdc->realize = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_realize;
+    device_class_set_props(dc, virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_info[] = {
+    {
+        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA,
+        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU,
+        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabaga),
+        .class_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_class_init,
+    },
+};
+
+DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_info)
+
+module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
+module_kconfig(VIRTIO_GPU);
+module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu");
diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7bef6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
+#include "hw/display/vga.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "virtio-vga.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA "virtio-vga-rutabaga"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOVGARutabaga, VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA)
+
+struct VirtIOVGARutabaga {
+    VirtIOVGABase parent_obj;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
+};
+
+static void virtio_vga_rutabaga_inst_initfn(Object *obj)
+{
+    VirtIOVGARutabaga *dev = VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA(obj);
+
+    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
+                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
+    VIRTIO_VGA_BASE(dev)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
+}
+
+static VirtioPCIDeviceTypeInfo virtio_vga_rutabaga_info = {
+    .generic_name  = TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA,
+    .parent        = TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_BASE,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOVGARutabaga),
+    .instance_init = virtio_vga_rutabaga_inst_initfn,
+};
+module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA);
+module_kconfig(VIRTIO_VGA);
+
+static void virtio_vga_register_types(void)
+{
+    if (have_vga) {
+        virtio_pci_types_register(&virtio_vga_rutabaga_info);
+    }
+}
+
+type_init(virtio_vga_register_types)
+
+module_dep("hw-display-virtio-vga");