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llvm.is.constant* intrinsics are evaluated to 0 or 1 integral values.
A common use case for llvm.is.constant comes from the higher level
__builtin_constant_p. A common usage pattern of __builtin_constant_p in
the Linux kernel is:
void foo (int bar) {
if (__builtin_constant_p(bar)) {
// lots of code that will fold away to a constant.
} else {
// a little bit of code, usually a libcall.
}
}
A minor issue in InlineCost calculations is when `bar` is _not_ Constant
and still will not be after inlining, we don't discount the true branch
and the inline cost of `foo` ends up being the cost of both branches
together, rather than just the false branch.
This leads to code like the above where inlining will not help prove bar
Constant, but it still would be beneficial to inline foo, because the
"true" branch is irrelevant from a cost perspective.
For example, IPSCCP can sink a passed constant argument to foo:
const int x = 42;
void bar (void) { foo(x); }
This improves our inlining decisions, and fixes a few head scratching
cases were the disassembly shows a relatively small `foo` not inlined
into a lone caller.
We could further improve this modeling by tracking whether the argument
to llvm.is.constant* is a parameter of the function, and if inlining
would allow that parameter to become Constant. This idea is noted in a
FIXME comment.
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1302
Reviewed By: kazu
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D111272
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inline cost model (PR51667)
Otherwise, inlining costs may be pessimized by dead constants.
Fixes https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51667.
Reviewed By: mtrofin, aeubanks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109294
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This renames the primary methods for creating a zero value to `getZero`
instead of `getNullValue` and renames predicates like `isAllOnesValue`
to simply `isAllOnes`. This achieves two things:
1) This starts standardizing predicates across the LLVM codebase,
following (in this case) ConstantInt. The word "Value" doesn't
convey anything of merit, and is missing in some of the other things.
2) Calling an integer "null" doesn't make any sense. The original sin
here is mine and I've regretted it for years. This moves us to calling
it "zero" instead, which is correct!
APInt is widely used and I don't think anyone is keen to take massive source
breakage on anything so core, at least not all in one go. As such, this
doesn't actually delete any entrypoints, it "soft deprecates" them with a
comment.
Included in this patch are changes to a bunch of the codebase, but there are
more. We should normalize SelectionDAG and other APIs as well, which would
make the API change more mechanical.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109483
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When preinliner is used for CSSPGO, we try to honor global preinliner decision as much as we can except for uninlinable callees. We rely on InlineCost::Never to prevent us from illegal inlining.
However, it turns out that we use InlineCost::Never for both illeagle inlining and some of the "not-so-beneficial" inlining.
The most common one is recursive inlining, while it can bloat size a lot during CGSCC bottom-up inlining, it's less of a problem when recursive inlining is guided by profile and done in top-down manner.
Ideally it'd be better to have a clear separation between inline legality check vs cost-benefit check, but that requires a bigger change.
This change enables InlineCost computation to allow inlining recursive calls, controlled by InlineParams. In SampleLoader, we now enable recursive inlining for CSSPGO when global preinliner decision is used.
With this change, we saw a few perf improvements on SPEC2017 with CSSPGO and preinliner on: 2% for povray_r, 6% for xalancbmk_s, 3% omnetpp_s, while size is about the same (no noticeable perf change for all other benchmarks)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109104
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This patch introduces four new string attributes: function-inline-cost,
function-inline-threshold, call-inline-cost and call-threshold-bonus.
These attributes allow you to selectively override some aspects of
InlineCost analysis. That would allow us to test inliner separately from
the InlineCost analysis.
That could be useful when you're trying to write tests for inliner and
you need to test some very specific situation, like "the inline cost has
to be this high", or "the threshold has to be this low". Right now every
time someone does that, they have get creative to come up with a way to
make the InlineCost give them the number they need (like adding ~30
load/add pairs for a trivial test). This process can be somewhat tedious
which can discourage some people from writing enough tests for their
changes. Also, that results in tests that are fragile and can be easily
broken without anyone noticing it because the test writer can't
explicitly control what input the inliner will get from the inline cost
analysis.
These new attributes will alleviate those problems to an extent.
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109033
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Tests with multiple benchmarks, like Embench [1], showed that the
CallPenalty magic number has the most influence on inlining decisions
when optimizing for size.
On the other hand, there was no good default value for this parameter.
Some benchmarks profited strongly from a reduced call penalty. On
example is the picojpeg benchmark compiled for RISC-V, which got 6%
smaller with a CallPenalty of 10 instead of 12. Other benchmarks
increased in size, like matmult.
This commit makes the compromise of turning the magic number constant of
CallPenalty into a configurable value. This introduces the flag
`--inline-call-penalty`. With that flag users can fine tune the inliner
to their needs.
The CallPenalty constant was also used for loops. This commit replaces
the CallPenalty constant with a new LoopPenalty constant that is now
used instead.
This is a slimmed down version of https://reviews.llvm.org/D30899
[1]: https://github.com/embench/embench-iot
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D105976
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Return cost-benefit stuff which is computed by cost-benefit analysis.
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D105349
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- annotate const functions with "const"
- replace C-style casts with static_cast
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D105362
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Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106336
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There was an alias between 'simplifycfg' and 'simplify-cfg' in the
PassRegistry. That was the original reason for this patch, which
effectively removes the alias.
This patch also replaces all occurrances of 'simplify-cfg'
by 'simplifycfg'. Reason for choosing that form for the name is
that it matches the DEBUG_TYPE for the pass, and the legacy PM name
and also how it is spelled out in other passes such as
'loop-simplifycfg', and in other options such as
'simplifycfg-merge-cond-stores'.
I for some reason the name should be changed to 'simplify-cfg' in
the future, then I think such a renaming should be more widely done
and not only impacting the PassRegistry.
Reviewed By: aeubanks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D105627
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This change yields an additional 2% size reduction on an internal search
binary, and an additional 0.5% size reduction on fuchsia.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D104751
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To reduce dependence on pointee types for opaque pointers.
Reviewed By: dblaikie
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101706
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(PR50099)
It seems incorrect to use TTI data in some places,
and override it in others. In this case, TTI says
that `extractvalue` are free, yet we bill them.
While this doesn't address https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50099 yet,
it reduces the cost from 55 to 50 while the threshold is 45.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101228
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The simplifyInstruction() in visitUnaryInstruction() does not trigger
for all of check-llvm. Looking at all delegates to UnaryInstruction in
InstVisitor, the only instructions that either don't have a visitor in
CallAnalyzer, or redirect to UnaryInstruction, are VAArgInst and Alloca.
VAArgInst will never get simplified, and visitUnaryInstruction(Alloca)
would always return false anyway.
Reviewed By: mtrofin, lebedev.ri
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101577
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SROA can handle invariant group intrinsics, let the inliner know that
for better heuristics when the intrinsics are present.
This fixes size issues in a couple files when turning on
-fstrict-vtable-pointers in Chrome.
Reviewed By: rnk, mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D100249
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cost-benefit analysis
Attempts to compute savings more accurately cannot impact the set of critically important call sites.
Reviewed By: kazu
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98577
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This patch migrates the TTI cost interfaces to return an InstructionCost.
See this patch for the introduction of the type: https://reviews.llvm.org/D91174
See this thread for context: http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2020-November/146408.html
Depends on D97382
Reviewed By: ctetreau, paulwalker-arm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D97466
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This patch enables the cost-benefit-analysis-based inliner by default
if we have instrumentation profile.
- SPEC CPU 2017 shows a 0.4% improvement.
- An internal large benchmark shows a 0.9% reduction in the cycle
count along with 14.6% reduction in the number of call instructions
executed.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98213
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This patch teaches the cost-benefit-analysis-based inliner to reject a
zero entry count so that we don't trigger a divide-by-zero.
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This reverts commit ef69aa961d12dee2141a79b05c9637d8cc9c0c74.
Makes clang assert in PGO builds, see repro tgz in
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1192783#c6
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With cost-benefit analysis for inlining, we bypass the cost-threshold by returning inline result from call analyzer early.
However the cost and threshold are still available from call analyzer, and when cost is actually higher than threshold, we incorrect set the reason.
The change makes the decision from cost-benefit analysis explicit. It's mostly NFC, except that it allows the priority-based sample loader inliner used by CSSPGO to use cost-benefit heuristic.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D99302
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This patch enables the cost-benefit-analysis-based inliner by default
if we have instrumentation profile.
- SPEC CPU 2017 shows a 0.4% improvement.
- An internal large benchmark shows a 0.9% reduction in the cycle
count along with 14.6% reduction in the number of call instructions
executed.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98213
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Before D94153 this threshold was in a pre-scaled units.
After D94153 inlining threshold multiplier is not applied
to this portion of the threshold anymore. Restore the
threshold by applying the multiplier.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98362
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Having a custom inliner doesn't really fit in with the new PM's
pipeline. It's also extra technical debt.
amdgpu-inline only does a couple of custom things compared to the normal
inliner:
1) It disables inlining if the number of BBs in a function would exceed
some limit
2) It increases the threshold if there are pointers to private arrays(?)
These can all be handled as TTI inliner hooks.
There already exists a hook for backends to multiply the inlining
threshold.
This way we can remove the custom amdgpu-inline pass.
This caused inline-hint.ll to fail, and after some investigation, it
looks like getInliningThresholdMultiplier() was previously getting
applied twice in amdgpu-inline (https://reviews.llvm.org/D62707 fixed it
not applying at all, so some later inliner change must have fixed
something), so I had to change the threshold in the test.
Reviewed By: rampitec
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D94153
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This patch teaches the inliner to compute the full cost for a call
site where the newly introduced cost benefit analysis is enabled.
Note that the cost benefit analysis requires the full cost to be
computed. However, without this patch or the -inline-cost-full
option, the early termination logic would kick in when the cost
exceeds the threshold, so we don't get to perform the cost benefit
analysis. For this reason, we would need to specify four clang
options:
-mllvm -inline-cost-full
-mllvm -inline-enable-cost-benefit-analysis
This patch eliminates the need to specify -inline-cost-full.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D93658
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This patch adds an alternative cost metric for the inliner to take
into account both the cost (i.e. size) and cycle count savings into
account.
Without this patch, we decide to inline a given call site if the size
of inlining the call site is below the threshold that is computed
according to the hotness of the call site.
This patch adds a new cost metric, turned off by default, to take over
the handling of hot call sites. Specifically, with the new cost
metric, we decide to inline a given call site if the ratio of cycle
savings to size exceeds a threshold. The cycle savings are computed
from call site costs, parameter propagation, folded conditional
branches, etc, all weighted by their respective profile counts. The
size is primarily the callee size, but we subtract call site costs and
the size of basic blocks that are never executed.
The new cost metric implicitly takes advantage of the machine function
splitter recently introduced by Snehasish Kumar, which dramatically
reduces the cost of duplicating (e.g. inlining) cold basic blocks by
placing cold basic blocks of hot functions in the .text.split
section.
We evaluated the new cost metric on clang bootstrap and SPECInt 2017.
For clang bootstrap, we observe 0.69% runtime improvement.
For SPECInt we report the change in IntRate the C/C++ benchmarks. All
benchmarks apart from perlbench and omnetpp improve, on average by
0.21% with the max for mcf at 1.96%.
Benchmark % Change
500.perlbench_r -0.45
502.gcc_r 0.13
505.mcf_r 1.96
520.omnetpp_r -0.28
523.xalancbmk_r 0.49
525.x264_r 0.00
531.deepsjeng_r 0.00
541.leela_r 0.35
557.xz_r 0.21
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92780
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This is a rework of D85812, which didn't land.
When callee coroutine function is inlined into caller coroutine function before coro-split pass, llvm will emits "coroutine should have exactly one defining @llvm.coro.begin". It seems that coro-early pass can not handle this quiet well.
So we believe that unsplited coroutine function should not be inlined.
This patch fix such issue by not inlining function if it has attribute "coroutine.presplit" (it means the function has not been splited) to fix this issue
test plan: check-llvm, check-clang
In D85812, there was suggestions on moving the macros to Attributes.td to avoid circular header dependency issue.
I believe it's not worth doing just to be able to use one constant string in one place.
Today, there are already 3 possible attribute values for "coroutine.presplit": https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/c6543cc6b8f107b58e7205d8fc64865a508bacba/llvm/lib/Transforms/Coroutines/CoroInternal.h#L40-L42
If we move them into Attributes.td, we would be adding 3 new attributes to EnumAttr, just to support this, which I think is an overkill.
Instead, I think the best way to do this is to add an API in Function class that checks whether this function is a coroutine, by checking the attribute by name directly.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92706
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It's common for code that manipulates the stack via inline assembly or
that has to set up its own stack canary (such as the Linux kernel) would
like to avoid stack protectors in certain functions. In this case, we've
been bitten by numerous bugs where a callee with a stack protector is
inlined into an attribute((no_stack_protector)) caller, which
generally breaks the caller's assumptions about not having a stack
protector. LTO exacerbates the issue.
While developers can avoid this by putting all no_stack_protector
functions in one translation unit together and compiling those with
-fno-stack-protector, it's generally not very ergonomic or as
ergonomic as a function attribute, and still doesn't work for LTO. See also:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pm/20200915172658.1432732-1-rkir@google.com/
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200918201436.2932360-30-samitolvanen@google.com/T/#u
SSP attributes can be ordered by strength. Weakest to strongest, they
are: ssp, sspstrong, sspreq. Callees with differing SSP attributes may be
inlined into each other, and the strongest attribute will be applied to the
caller. (No change)
After this change:
* A callee with no SSP attributes will no longer be inlined into a
caller with SSP attributes.
* The reverse is also true: a callee with an SSP attribute will not be
inlined into a caller with no SSP attributes.
* The alwaysinline attribute overrides these rules.
Functions that get synthesized by the compiler may not get inlined as a
result if they are not created with the same stack protector function
attribute as their callers.
Alternative approach to https://reviews.llvm.org/D87956.
Fixes pr/47479.
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed By: rnk, MaskRay
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D91816
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Prefer range-for over iterators when such methods exist. Precommitted
from https://reviews.llvm.org/D91816.
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed By: dblaikie
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92350
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ConstantOffsetPtrs contains mappings from a Value to a base pointer and
an offset. The offset is typed and has a size, and at least when dealing
with ptrtoint, it could happen that we had a mapping from a ptrtoint
with type i32 to an offset with type i16. This could later cause
problems, showing up in PR 47969 and PR 38500.
In PR 47969 we ended up in an assert complaining that trunc i16 to i16
is invalid and in Pr 38500 that a cmp on an i32 and i16 value isn't
valid.
Reviewed By: spatel
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D90610
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This change introduces a new IR intrinsic named `llvm.pseudoprobe` for pseudo-probe block instrumentation. Please refer to https://reviews.llvm.org/D86193 for the whole story.
A pseudo probe is used to collect the execution count of the block where the probe is instrumented. This requires a pseudo probe to be persisting. The LLVM PGO instrumentation also instruments in similar places by placing a counter in the form of atomic read/write operations or runtime helper calls. While these operations are very persisting or optimization-resilient, in theory we can borrow the atomic read/write implementation from PGO counters and cut it off at the end of compilation with all the atomics converted into binary data. This was our initial design and we’ve seen promising sample correlation quality with it. However, the atomics approach has a couple issues:
1. IR Optimizations are blocked unexpectedly. Those atomic instructions are not going to be physically present in the binary code, but since they are on the IR till very end of compilation, they can still prevent certain IR optimizations and result in lower code quality.
2. The counter atomics may not be fully cleaned up from the code stream eventually.
3. Extra work is needed for re-targeting.
We choose to implement pseudo probes based on a special LLVM intrinsic, which is expected to have most of the semantics that comes with an atomic operation but does not block desired optimizations as much as possible. More specifically the semantics associated with the new intrinsic enforces a pseudo probe to be virtually executed exactly the same number of times before and after an IR optimization. The intrinsic also comes with certain flags that are carefully chosen so that the places they are probing are not going to be messed up by the optimizer while most of the IR optimizations still work. The core flags given to the special intrinsic is `IntrInaccessibleMemOnly`, which means the intrinsic accesses memory and does have a side effect so that it is not removable, but is does not access memory locations that are accessible by any original instructions. This way the intrinsic does not alias with any original instruction and thus it does not block optimizations as much as an atomic operation does. We also assign a function GUID and a block index to an intrinsic so that they are uniquely identified and not merged in order to achieve good correlation quality.
Let's now look at an example. Given the following LLVM IR:
```
define internal void @foo2(i32 %x, void (i32)* %f) !dbg !4 {
bb0:
%cmp = icmp eq i32 %x, 0
br i1 %cmp, label %bb1, label %bb2
bb1:
br label %bb3
bb2:
br label %bb3
bb3:
ret void
}
```
The instrumented IR will look like below. Note that each `llvm.pseudoprobe` intrinsic call represents a pseudo probe at a block, of which the first parameter is the GUID of the probe’s owner function and the second parameter is the probe’s ID.
```
define internal void @foo2(i32 %x, void (i32)* %f) !dbg !4 {
bb0:
%cmp = icmp eq i32 %x, 0
call void @llvm.pseudoprobe(i64 837061429793323041, i64 1)
br i1 %cmp, label %bb1, label %bb2
bb1:
call void @llvm.pseudoprobe(i64 837061429793323041, i64 2)
br label %bb3
bb2:
call void @llvm.pseudoprobe(i64 837061429793323041, i64 3)
br label %bb3
bb3:
call void @llvm.pseudoprobe(i64 837061429793323041, i64 4)
ret void
}
```
Reviewed By: wmi
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86490
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Discovered as part of the VLS type work (see D85128).
Reviewed By: efriedma
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D85848
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If the GEP instruction contanins only constants as its arguments,
then it should be recognized as a constant. For now, there was
also added a flag to turn off this simplification if it causes
any regressions ("disable-gep-const-evaluation") which is off
by default. Once I gather needed data of the effectiveness of
this simplification, the flag will be deleted.
Reviewers: apilipenko, davidxl, mtrofin
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81026
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Some sequences of optimizations can generate call sites which may never be
executed during runtime, and through constant propagation result in dynamic
allocas being converted to static allocas with very large allocation amounts.
The inliner tries to move these to the caller's entry block, resulting in the
stack limits being reached/bypassed. Avoid inlining functions if this would
result.
The threshold of 64k currently doesn't get triggered on the test suite with an
-Os LTO build on arm64, care should be taken in changing this in future to avoid
needlessly pessimising inlining behaviour.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81765
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This patch enables printing of constants to see which instructions were
constant-folded. Needed for tests and better visiual analysis of
inliner's work.
Reviewers: apilipenko, mtrofin, davidxl, fedor.sergeev
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81024
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This class allows to see the inliner's decisions for better
optimization verifications and tests. To use, use flag
"-passes="print<inline-cost>"".
This is the second attempt to integrate the patch.
The problem from the first try has been discussed and
fixed in D82205.
Reviewers: apilipenko, mtrofin, davidxl, fedor.sergeev
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81743
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For the upcoming changes, we need to have an ability to dump
InlineCostCallAnalyzer info in non-debug builds as well.
Reviewed-By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D82205
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within the llvm project, migrate away from the use of blacklist and
whitelist.
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This reverts commit 37e06e8f5c6ee39a1d7cbaf7d5f5a3ebfa1b4e15.
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simplified"
This reverts commit 52b0db22f8cfb594c32389224570681d2d2c2f21.
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This reverts commit 34fba68d80051e3c53e7843157c036f6d511ae03.
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If the GEP instruction contanins only constants as its arguments,
then it should be recognized as a constant. For now, there was
also added a flag to turn off this simplification if it causes
any regressions ("disable-gep-const-evaluation") which is off
by default. Once I gather needed data of the effectiveness of
this simplification, the flag will be deleted.
Reviewers: apilipenko, davidxl, mtrofin
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81026
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This patch enables printing of constants to see which instructions were
constant-folded. Needed for tests and better visiual analysis of
inliner's work.
Reviewers: apilipenko, mtrofin, davidxl, fedor.sergeev
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81024
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This class allows to see the inliner's decisions for better
optimization verifications and tests. To use, use flag
"-passes="print<inline-cost>"".
Reviewers: apilipenko, mtrofin, davidxl, fedor.sergeev
Reviewed By: mtrofin
Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81743
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- Renaming the printer class, flag
- Refactoring
- Changing some tests
This patch is a preparational stage for introducing a new printing pass and new
functionality to the existing Annotation Writer. I plan to extend
this functionality for this tool to be more useful when looking at the inline
process.
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Summary:
Experiments show that inline deferral past pre-inlining slightly
pessimizes the performance.
This patch introduces an option to control inline deferral during PGO.
The option defaults to true for now (that is, NFC).
Reviewers: davidxl
Reviewed By: davidxl
Subscribers: eraman, hiraditya, haicheng, llvm-commits
Tags: #llvm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D80776
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Inlining-related APIs""
This reverts commit 454de99a6fec705e76ed7743bf538f7a77296f59.
The problem was that one of the ctor arguments of CallAnalyzer was left
to be const std::function<>&. A function_ref was passed for it, and then
the ctor stored the value in a function_ref field. So a std::function<>
would be created as a temporary, and not survive past the ctor
invocation, while the field would.
Tested locally by following https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/SanitizerBotReproduceBuild
Original Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D79917
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This reverts commit 767db5be67cab5aa04d81227725765cad9620611.
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