[llvm] Handle duplicate call bases when applying branch funneling

It's possible to segfault in `DevirtModule::applyICallBranchFunnel` when
attempting to call `getCaller` on a call base that was erased in a prior
iteration. This can occur when attempting to find devirtualizable calls
via `findDevirtualizableCallsForTypeTest` if the vtable passed to
llvm.type.test is a global and not a local. The function works by taking
the first argument of the llvm.type.test call (which is a vtable),
iterating through all uses of it, and adding any relevant all uses that
are calls associated with that intrinsic call to a vector. For most
cases where the vtable is actually a *local*, this wouldn't be an issue.
Take for example:

```
define i32 @fn(ptr %obj) #0 {
  %vtable = load ptr, ptr %obj
  %p = call i1 @llvm.type.test(ptr %vtable, metadata !"typeid2")
  call void @llvm.assume(i1 %p)
  %fptr = load ptr, ptr %vtable
  %result = call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)
  ret i32 %result
}
```

`findDevirtualizableCallsForTypeTest` will check the call base ` %result
= call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)`, find that it is associated with a
virtualizable call from `%vtable`, find all loads for `%vtable`, and add
any instances those load results are called into a vector. Now consider
the case where instead `%vtable` was the global itself rather than a
local:

```
define i32 @fn(ptr %obj) #0 {
  %p = call i1 @llvm.type.test(ptr @vtable, metadata !"typeid2")
  call void @llvm.assume(i1 %p)
  %fptr = load ptr, ptr @vtable
  %result = call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)
  ret i32 %result
}
```

`findDevirtualizableCallsForTypeTest` should work normally and add one
unique call instance to a vector. However, if there are multiple
instances where this same global is used for llvm.type.test, like with:

```
define i32 @fn(ptr %obj) #0 {
  %p = call i1 @llvm.type.test(ptr @vtable, metadata !"typeid2")
  call void @llvm.assume(i1 %p)
  %fptr = load ptr, ptr @vtable
  %result = call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)
  ret i32 %result
}

define i32 @fn2(ptr %obj) #0 {
  %p = call i1 @llvm.type.test(ptr @vtable, metadata !"typeid2")
  call void @llvm.assume(i1 %p)
  %fptr = load ptr, ptr @vtable
  %result = call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)
  ret i32 %result
}
```

Then each call base `%result = call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)` will be
added to the vector twice. This is because for either call base `%result
= call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1) `, we determine it is associated with
a virtualizable call from `@vtable`, and then we iterate through all the
uses of `@vtable`, which is used across multiple functions. So when
scanning the first `%result = call i32 %fptr(ptr %obj, i32 1)`, then
both call bases will be added to the vector, but when scanning the
second one, both call bases are added again, resulting in duplicate call
bases in the CSInfo.CallSites vector.

Note this is actually accounted for in every other instance WPD iterates
over CallSites. What everything else does is actually add the call base
to the `OptimizedCalls` set and just check if it's already in the set.
We can't reuse that particular set since it serves a different purpose
marking which calls where devirtualized which `applyICallBranchFunnel`
explicitly says it doesn't. For this fix, we can just account for
duplicates with a map and do the actual replacements afterwards by
iterating over the map.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D146267

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