[Clang][Sema] Diagnose declarative nested-name-specifiers naming alias templates (#80842)

According to [expr.prim.id.qual] p3:
> The _nested-name-specifier_ `​::` nominates the global namespace. A
_nested-name-specifier_ with a _computed-type-specifier_ nominates the
type denoted by the _computed-type-specifier_, which shall be a class or
enumeration type. **If a _nested-name-specifier_ `N` is declarative and
has a _simple-template-id_ with a template argument list `A` that
involves a template parameter, let `T` be the template nominated by `N`
without `A`. `T` shall be a class template.**

Meaning, the out-of-line definition of `A::f` in the following example
is ill-formed:
```
template<typename T>
struct A 
{ 
    void f(); 
};

template<typename T>
using B = A<T>;

template<typename T>
void B<T>::f() { } // error: a declarative nested name specifier cannot name an alias template
```

This patch diagnoses such cases as an extension (in group `alias-template-in-declaration-name`).

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