[InstCombine] convert mask and shift of power-of-2 to cmp+select

When the mask is a power-of-2 constant and op0 is a shifted-power-of-2
constant, test if the shift amount equals the offset bit index:

(ShiftC << X) & C --> X == (log2(C) - log2(ShiftC)) ? C : 0
(ShiftC >> X) & C --> X == (log2(ShiftC) - log2(C)) ? C : 0

This is an alternate to D127610 with a more general pattern.
We match only shift+and instead of the trailing xor, so we see a few
more tests diffs. I think we discussed this initially in D126617.

Here are proofs for shifts in both directions:
https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/CFrLs4

The test diffs look equal or better for IR, and this makes the
patterns more uniform in IR. The backend can partially invert this
in both cases if that is profitable. It is not trivially reversible,
however, so if we find perf regressions that are not easy to undo,
then we may want to revert this.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D127801

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