[libc++] Implement ranges::iota (#68494)

# Overview

As a disclaimer, this is my first PR to LLVM and while I've tried to
ensure I've followed the LLVM and libc++ contributing guidelines,
there's probably a good chance I missed something. If I have, just let
me know and I'll try to correct it as soon as I can.

This PR implements `std::ranges::iota` and
`std::ranges::out_value_result` outlined in
[P2440r1](https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2021/p2440r1.html).

As outlined in the paper above, I've:
- Implemented `out_value_result` and added to `<algorithm>`
- Added `out_value_result`, `iota_result`, and two overloads of `iota`
to `std::ranges` in `<numeric>`
- Updated the version macro `__cpp_lib_ranges_iota` in `<version>`

I've also added tests for `ranges::iota` and `ranges::out_value_result`.
Lastly, I added those structs to the appropriate module files.

Partially implements #105184

EDIT: Forgot to mention in the original post, thanks to @hawkinsw for
taking a look at a preliminary version of this PR!

# TODOs
- [x] Updating the range [status
doc](https://github.com/jamesETsmith/llvm-project/blob/main/libcxx/docs/Status/RangesMajorFeatures.csv)
- [x] Ensure all comments from https://reviews.llvm.org/D121436 are
addressed here
- [X] EDIT (I'll do this in a separate PR). ~~I'm open to implementing
the rest of P2440r1 (`ranges::shift_left` and `ranges::shift_right`) if
that's ok, I just wanted to get feedback on `ranges::iota` first~~
- [x] I've been having trouble building the modules locally and want to
make sure that's working properly

Closes: #134060

1 files changed, 56 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/out_value_result.h b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/out_value_result.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e1e0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/out_value_result.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_OUT_VALUE_RESULT_H
+#define _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_OUT_VALUE_RESULT_H
+
+#include <__concepts/convertible_to.h>
+#include <__config>
+#include <__utility/move.h>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
+#include <__undef_macros>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
+
+namespace ranges {
+
+template <class _OutIter1, class _ValType1>
+struct out_value_result {
+  _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _OutIter1 out;
+  _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _ValType1 value;
+
+  template <class _OutIter2, class _ValType2>
+    requires convertible_to<const _OutIter1&, _OutIter2> && convertible_to<const _ValType1&, _ValType2>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr operator out_value_result<_OutIter2, _ValType2>() const& {
+    return {out, value};
+  }
+
+  template <class _OutIter2, class _ValType2>
+    requires convertible_to<_OutIter1, _OutIter2> && convertible_to<_ValType1, _ValType2>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr operator out_value_result<_OutIter2, _ValType2>() && {
+    return {std::move(out), std::move(value)};
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace ranges
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_OUT_VALUE_RESULT_H