[scudo] Add partial chunk heuristic to retrieval algorithm. (#105009)

Previously the secondary cache retrieval algorithm would not allow
retrievals of memory chunks where the number of unused bytes would be
greater than than `MaxUnreleasedCachePages * PageSize` bytes. This meant
that even if a memory chunk satisfied the requirements of the optimal
fit algorithm, it may not be returned. This remains true if memory
tagging is enabled. However, if memory tagging is disabled, a new
heuristic has been put in place. Specifically, If a memory chunk is a
non-optimal fit, the cache retrieval algorithm will attempt to release
the excess memory to force a cache hit while keeping RSS down.

In the event that a memory chunk is a non-optimal fit, the retrieval
algorithm will release excess memory as long as the amount of memory to
be released is less than or equal to 4 Pages. If the amount of memory to
be released exceeds 4 Pages, the retrieval algorithm will not consider
that cached memory chunk valid for retrieval.

This change also addresses an alignment issue in a test case submitted
in #104807.

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