path: root/gdb/target-descriptions.c

/* Target description support for GDB.

   Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Contributed by CodeSourcery.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "defs.h"
#include "arch-utils.h"
#include "gdbcmd.h"
#include "gdbtypes.h"
#include "reggroups.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "target-descriptions.h"
#include "vec.h"
#include "xml-support.h"
#include "xml-tdesc.h"
#include "osabi.h"

#include "gdb_obstack.h"
#include "hashtab.h"
#include "inferior.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include "completer.h"
#include "readline/tilde.h" /* tilde_expand */

/* The interface to visit different elements of target description.  */

class tdesc_element_visitor
{
public:
  virtual void visit_pre (const target_desc *e) = 0;
  virtual void visit_post (const target_desc *e) = 0;

  virtual void visit_pre (const tdesc_feature *e) = 0;
  virtual void visit_post (const tdesc_feature *e) = 0;

  virtual void visit (const tdesc_type *e) = 0;
  virtual void visit (const tdesc_reg *e) = 0;
};

class tdesc_element
{
public:
  virtual void accept (tdesc_element_visitor &v) const = 0;
};

/* Types.  */

typedef struct property
{
  char *key;
  char *value;
} property_s;
DEF_VEC_O(property_s);

/* An individual register from a target description.  */

typedef struct tdesc_reg : tdesc_element
{
  tdesc_reg (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name_,
	     int regnum, int save_restore_, const char *group_,
	     int bitsize_, const char *type_)
    : name (xstrdup (name_)), target_regnum (regnum),
      save_restore (save_restore_),
      group (group_ != NULL ? xstrdup (group_) : NULL),
      bitsize (bitsize_),
      type (type_ != NULL ? xstrdup (type_) : xstrdup ("<unknown>"))
  {
    /* If the register's type is target-defined, look it up now.  We may not
       have easy access to the containing feature when we want it later.  */
    tdesc_type = tdesc_named_type (feature, type);
  }

  virtual ~tdesc_reg ()
  {
    xfree (name);
    xfree (type);
    xfree (group);
  }

  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (tdesc_reg);

  /* The name of this register.  In standard features, it may be
     recognized by the architecture support code, or it may be purely
     for the user.  */
  char *name;

  /* The register number used by this target to refer to this
     register.  This is used for remote p/P packets and to determine
     the ordering of registers in the remote g/G packets.  */
  long target_regnum;

  /* If this flag is set, GDB should save and restore this register
     around calls to an inferior function.  */
  int save_restore;

  /* The name of the register group containing this register, or NULL
     if the group should be automatically determined from the
     register's type.  If this is "general", "float", or "vector", the
     corresponding "info" command should display this register's
     value.  It can be an arbitrary string, but should be limited to
     alphanumeric characters and internal hyphens.  Currently other
     strings are ignored (treated as NULL).  */
  char *group;

  /* The size of the register, in bits.  */
  int bitsize;

  /* The type of the register.  This string corresponds to either
     a named type from the target description or a predefined
     type from GDB.  */
  char *type;

  /* The target-described type corresponding to TYPE, if found.  */
  struct tdesc_type *tdesc_type;

  void accept (tdesc_element_visitor &v) const override
  {
    v.visit (this);
  }

  bool operator== (const tdesc_reg &other) const
  {
    return (streq (name, other.name)
	    && target_regnum == other.target_regnum
	    && save_restore == other.save_restore
	    && bitsize == other.bitsize
	    && (group == other.group || streq (group, other.group))
	    && streq (type, other.type));
  }

  bool operator!= (const tdesc_reg &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
} *tdesc_reg_p;
DEF_VEC_P(tdesc_reg_p);

/* A named type from a target description.  */

typedef struct tdesc_type_field
{
  char *name;
  struct tdesc_type *type;
  /* For non-enum-values, either both are -1 (non-bitfield), or both are
     not -1 (bitfield).  For enum values, start is the value (which could be
     -1), end is -1.  */
  int start, end;
} tdesc_type_field;
DEF_VEC_O(tdesc_type_field);

enum tdesc_type_kind
{
  /* Predefined types.  */
  TDESC_TYPE_BOOL,
  TDESC_TYPE_INT8,
  TDESC_TYPE_INT16,
  TDESC_TYPE_INT32,
  TDESC_TYPE_INT64,
  TDESC_TYPE_INT128,
  TDESC_TYPE_UINT8,
  TDESC_TYPE_UINT16,
  TDESC_TYPE_UINT32,
  TDESC_TYPE_UINT64,
  TDESC_TYPE_UINT128,
  TDESC_TYPE_CODE_PTR,
  TDESC_TYPE_DATA_PTR,
  TDESC_TYPE_IEEE_SINGLE,
  TDESC_TYPE_IEEE_DOUBLE,
  TDESC_TYPE_ARM_FPA_EXT,
  TDESC_TYPE_I387_EXT,

  /* Types defined by a target feature.  */
  TDESC_TYPE_VECTOR,
  TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT,
  TDESC_TYPE_UNION,
  TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS,
  TDESC_TYPE_ENUM
};

typedef struct tdesc_type : tdesc_element
{
  tdesc_type (const char *name_, enum tdesc_type_kind kind_)
    : name (xstrdup (name_)), kind (kind_)
  {
    memset (&u, 0, sizeof (u));
  }

  virtual ~tdesc_type ()
  {
    switch (kind)
      {
      case TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT:
      case TDESC_TYPE_UNION:
      case TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS:
      case TDESC_TYPE_ENUM:
	{
	  struct tdesc_type_field *f;
	  int ix;

	  for (ix = 0;
	       VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, u.u.fields, ix, f);
	       ix++)
	    xfree (f->name);

	  VEC_free (tdesc_type_field, u.u.fields);
	}
	break;

      default:
	break;
      }
    xfree ((char *) name);
  }

  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (tdesc_type);

  /* The name of this type.  If this type is a built-in type, this is
     a pointer to a constant string.  Otherwise, it's a
     malloc-allocated string (and thus must be freed).  */
  const char *name;

  /* Identify the kind of this type.  */
  enum tdesc_type_kind kind;

  /* Kind-specific data.  */
  union
  {
    /* Vector type.  */
    struct
    {
      struct tdesc_type *type;
      int count;
    } v;

    /* Struct, union, flags, or enum type.  */
    struct
    {
      VEC(tdesc_type_field) *fields;
      int size;
    } u;
  } u;

  void accept (tdesc_element_visitor &v) const override
  {
    v.visit (this);
  }

  bool operator== (const tdesc_type &other) const
  {
    return (streq (name, other.name) && kind == other.kind);
  }

  bool operator!= (const tdesc_type &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
} *tdesc_type_p;
DEF_VEC_P(tdesc_type_p);

/* A feature from a target description.  Each feature is a collection
   of other elements, e.g. registers and types.  */

typedef struct tdesc_feature : tdesc_element
{
  tdesc_feature (const char *name_)
    : name (xstrdup (name_))
  {}

  virtual ~tdesc_feature ()
  {
    struct tdesc_reg *reg;
    struct tdesc_type *type;
    int ix;

    for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, registers, ix, reg); ix++)
      delete reg;
    VEC_free (tdesc_reg_p, registers);

    for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_p, types, ix, type); ix++)
      delete type;
    VEC_free (tdesc_type_p, types);

    xfree (name);
  }

  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (tdesc_feature);

  /* The name of this feature.  It may be recognized by the architecture
     support code.  */
  char *name;

  /* The registers associated with this feature.  */
  VEC(tdesc_reg_p) *registers = NULL;

  /* The types associated with this feature.  */
  VEC(tdesc_type_p) *types = NULL;

  void accept (tdesc_element_visitor &v) const override
  {
    v.visit_pre (this);

    struct tdesc_type *type;

    for (int ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_p, types, ix, type);
	 ix++)
      type->accept (v);

    struct tdesc_reg *reg;

    for (int ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, registers, ix, reg);
	 ix++)
      reg->accept (v);


    v.visit_post (this);
  }

  bool operator== (const tdesc_feature &other) const
  {
    if (strcmp (name, other.name) != 0)
      return false;

    if (VEC_length (tdesc_reg_p, registers)
	!= VEC_length (tdesc_reg_p, other.registers))
      return false;

    struct tdesc_reg *reg;

    for (int ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, registers, ix, reg);
	 ix++)
      {
	tdesc_reg *reg2
	  = VEC_index (tdesc_reg_p, other.registers, ix);

	if (reg != reg2 && *reg != *reg2)
	  return false;
      }

    if (VEC_length (tdesc_type_p, types)
	!= VEC_length (tdesc_type_p, other.types))
      return false;

    tdesc_type *type;

    for (int ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_p, types, ix, type);
	 ix++)
      {
	tdesc_type *type2
	  = VEC_index (tdesc_type_p, other.types, ix);

	if (type != type2 && *type != *type2)
	  return false;
      }

    return true;
  }

  bool operator!= (const tdesc_feature &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }

} *tdesc_feature_p;
DEF_VEC_P(tdesc_feature_p);

/* A compatible architecture from a target description.  */
typedef const struct bfd_arch_info *arch_p;
DEF_VEC_P(arch_p);

/* A target description.  */

struct target_desc : tdesc_element
{
  target_desc ()
  {}

  virtual ~target_desc ()
  {
    struct tdesc_feature *feature;
    struct property *prop;
    int ix;

    for (ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, features, ix, feature);
	 ix++)
      delete feature;
    VEC_free (tdesc_feature_p, features);

    for (ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (property_s, properties, ix, prop);
	 ix++)
      {
	xfree (prop->key);
	xfree (prop->value);
      }

    VEC_free (property_s, properties);
    VEC_free (arch_p, compatible);
  }

  target_desc (const target_desc &) = delete;
  void operator= (const target_desc &) = delete;

  /* The architecture reported by the target, if any.  */
  const struct bfd_arch_info *arch = NULL;

  /* The osabi reported by the target, if any; GDB_OSABI_UNKNOWN
     otherwise.  */
  enum gdb_osabi osabi = GDB_OSABI_UNKNOWN;

  /* The list of compatible architectures reported by the target.  */
  VEC(arch_p) *compatible = NULL;

  /* Any architecture-specific properties specified by the target.  */
  VEC(property_s) *properties = NULL;

  /* The features associated with this target.  */
  VEC(tdesc_feature_p) *features = NULL;

  void accept (tdesc_element_visitor &v) const override
  {
    v.visit_pre (this);

    struct tdesc_feature *feature;

    for (int ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, features, ix, feature);
	 ix++)
      feature->accept (v);

    v.visit_post (this);
  }

  bool operator== (const target_desc &other) const
  {
    if (arch != other.arch)
      return false;

    if (osabi != other.osabi)
      return false;

    if (VEC_length (tdesc_feature_p, features)
	!= VEC_length (tdesc_feature_p, other.features))
      return false;

    struct tdesc_feature *feature;

    for (int ix = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, features, ix, feature);
	 ix++)
      {
	struct tdesc_feature *feature2
	  = VEC_index (tdesc_feature_p, other.features, ix);

	if (feature != feature2 && *feature != *feature2)
	  return false;
      }

    return true;
  }

  bool operator!= (const target_desc &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
};

/* Per-architecture data associated with a target description.  The
   target description may be shared by multiple architectures, but
   this data is private to one gdbarch.  */

typedef struct tdesc_arch_reg
{
  struct tdesc_reg *reg;
  struct type *type;
} tdesc_arch_reg;
DEF_VEC_O(tdesc_arch_reg);

struct tdesc_arch_data
{
  /* A list of register/type pairs, indexed by GDB's internal register number.
     During initialization of the gdbarch this list is used to store
     registers which the architecture assigns a fixed register number.
     Registers which are NULL in this array, or off the end, are
     treated as zero-sized and nameless (i.e. placeholders in the
     numbering).  */
  VEC(tdesc_arch_reg) *arch_regs;

  /* Functions which report the register name, type, and reggroups for
     pseudo-registers.  */
  gdbarch_register_name_ftype *pseudo_register_name;
  gdbarch_register_type_ftype *pseudo_register_type;
  gdbarch_register_reggroup_p_ftype *pseudo_register_reggroup_p;
};

/* Info about an inferior's target description.  There's one of these
   for each inferior.  */

struct target_desc_info
{
  /* A flag indicating that a description has already been fetched
     from the target, so it should not be queried again.  */

  int fetched;

  /* The description fetched from the target, or NULL if the target
     did not supply any description.  Only valid when
     target_desc_fetched is set.  Only the description initialization
     code should access this; normally, the description should be
     accessed through the gdbarch object.  */

  const struct target_desc *tdesc;

  /* The filename to read a target description from, as set by "set
     tdesc filename ..."  */

  char *filename;
};

/* Get the inferior INF's target description info, allocating one on
   the stop if necessary.  */

static struct target_desc_info *
get_tdesc_info (struct inferior *inf)
{
  if (inf->tdesc_info == NULL)
    inf->tdesc_info = XCNEW (struct target_desc_info);
  return inf->tdesc_info;
}

/* A handle for architecture-specific data associated with the
   target description (see struct tdesc_arch_data).  */

static struct gdbarch_data *tdesc_data;

/* See target-descriptions.h.  */

int
target_desc_info_from_user_p (struct target_desc_info *info)
{
  return info != NULL && info->filename != NULL;
}

/* See target-descriptions.h.  */

void
copy_inferior_target_desc_info (struct inferior *destinf, struct inferior *srcinf)
{
  struct target_desc_info *src = get_tdesc_info (srcinf);
  struct target_desc_info *dest = get_tdesc_info (destinf);

  dest->fetched = src->fetched;
  dest->tdesc = src->tdesc;
  dest->filename = src->filename != NULL ? xstrdup (src->filename) : NULL;
}

/* See target-descriptions.h.  */

void
target_desc_info_free (struct target_desc_info *tdesc_info)
{
  if (tdesc_info != NULL)
    {
      xfree (tdesc_info->filename);
      xfree (tdesc_info);
    }
}

/* Convenience helper macros.  */

#define target_desc_fetched \
  get_tdesc_info (current_inferior ())->fetched
#define current_target_desc \
  get_tdesc_info (current_inferior ())->tdesc
#define target_description_filename \
  get_tdesc_info (current_inferior ())->filename

/* The string manipulated by the "set tdesc filename ..." command.  */

static char *tdesc_filename_cmd_string;

/* Fetch the current target's description, and switch the current
   architecture to one which incorporates that description.  */

void
target_find_description (void)
{
  /* If we've already fetched a description from the target, don't do
     it again.  This allows a target to fetch the description early,
     during its to_open or to_create_inferior, if it needs extra
     information about the target to initialize.  */
  if (target_desc_fetched)
    return;

  /* The current architecture should not have any target description
     specified.  It should have been cleared, e.g. when we
     disconnected from the previous target.  */
  gdb_assert (gdbarch_target_desc (target_gdbarch ()) == NULL);

  /* First try to fetch an XML description from the user-specified
     file.  */
  current_target_desc = NULL;
  if (target_description_filename != NULL
      && *target_description_filename != '\0')
    current_target_desc
      = file_read_description_xml (target_description_filename);

  /* Next try to read the description from the current target using
     target objects.  */
  if (current_target_desc == NULL)
    current_target_desc = target_read_description_xml (&current_target);

  /* If that failed try a target-specific hook.  */
  if (current_target_desc == NULL)
    current_target_desc = target_read_description (&current_target);

  /* If a non-NULL description was returned, then update the current
     architecture.  */
  if (current_target_desc)
    {
      struct gdbarch_info info;

      gdbarch_info_init (&info);
      info.target_desc = current_target_desc;
      if (!gdbarch_update_p (info))
	warning (_("Architecture rejected target-supplied description"));
      else
	{
	  struct tdesc_arch_data *data;

	  data = ((struct tdesc_arch_data *)
		  gdbarch_data (target_gdbarch (), tdesc_data));
	  if (tdesc_has_registers (current_target_desc)
	      && data->arch_regs == NULL)
	    warning (_("Target-supplied registers are not supported "
		       "by the current architecture"));
	}
    }

  /* Now that we know this description is usable, record that we
     fetched it.  */
  target_desc_fetched = 1;
}

/* Discard any description fetched from the current target, and switch
   the current architecture to one with no target description.  */

void
target_clear_description (void)
{
  struct gdbarch_info info;

  if (!target_desc_fetched)
    return;

  target_desc_fetched = 0;
  current_target_desc = NULL;

  gdbarch_info_init (&info);
  if (!gdbarch_update_p (info))
    internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
		    _("Could not remove target-supplied description"));
}

/* Return the global current target description.  This should only be
   used by gdbarch initialization code; most access should be through
   an existing gdbarch.  */

const struct target_desc *
target_current_description (void)
{
  if (target_desc_fetched)
    return current_target_desc;

  return NULL;
}

/* Return non-zero if this target description is compatible
   with the given BFD architecture.  */

int
tdesc_compatible_p (const struct target_desc *target_desc,
		    const struct bfd_arch_info *arch)
{
  const struct bfd_arch_info *compat;
  int ix;

  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (arch_p, target_desc->compatible, ix, compat);
       ix++)
    {
      if (compat == arch
	  || arch->compatible (arch, compat)
	  || compat->compatible (compat, arch))
	return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}


/* Direct accessors for target descriptions.  */

/* Return the string value of a property named KEY, or NULL if the
   property was not specified.  */

const char *
tdesc_property (const struct target_desc *target_desc, const char *key)
{
  struct property *prop;
  int ix;

  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (property_s, target_desc->properties, ix, prop);
       ix++)
    if (strcmp (prop->key, key) == 0)
      return prop->value;

  return NULL;
}

/* Return the BFD architecture associated with this target
   description, or NULL if no architecture was specified.  */

const struct bfd_arch_info *
tdesc_architecture (const struct target_desc *target_desc)
{
  return target_desc->arch;
}

/* Return the OSABI associated with this target description, or
   GDB_OSABI_UNKNOWN if no osabi was specified.  */

enum gdb_osabi
tdesc_osabi (const struct target_desc *target_desc)
{
  return target_desc->osabi;
}



/* Return 1 if this target description includes any registers.  */

int
tdesc_has_registers (const struct target_desc *target_desc)
{
  int ix;
  struct tdesc_feature *feature;

  if (target_desc == NULL)
    return 0;

  for (ix = 0;
       VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, target_desc->features, ix, feature);
       ix++)
    if (! VEC_empty (tdesc_reg_p, feature->registers))
      return 1;

  return 0;
}

/* Return the feature with the given name, if present, or NULL if
   the named feature is not found.  */

const struct tdesc_feature *
tdesc_find_feature (const struct target_desc *target_desc,
		    const char *name)
{
  int ix;
  struct tdesc_feature *feature;

  for (ix = 0;
       VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, target_desc->features, ix, feature);
       ix++)
    if (strcmp (feature->name, name) == 0)
      return feature;

  return NULL;
}

/* Return the name of FEATURE.  */

const char *
tdesc_feature_name (const struct tdesc_feature *feature)
{
  return feature->name;
}

/* Predefined types.  */
static struct tdesc_type tdesc_predefined_types[] =
{
  { "bool", TDESC_TYPE_BOOL },
  { "int8", TDESC_TYPE_INT8 },
  { "int16", TDESC_TYPE_INT16 },
  { "int32", TDESC_TYPE_INT32 },
  { "int64", TDESC_TYPE_INT64 },
  { "int128", TDESC_TYPE_INT128 },
  { "uint8", TDESC_TYPE_UINT8 },
  { "uint16", TDESC_TYPE_UINT16 },
  { "uint32", TDESC_TYPE_UINT32 },
  { "uint64", TDESC_TYPE_UINT64 },
  { "uint128", TDESC_TYPE_UINT128 },
  { "code_ptr", TDESC_TYPE_CODE_PTR },
  { "data_ptr", TDESC_TYPE_DATA_PTR },
  { "ieee_single", TDESC_TYPE_IEEE_SINGLE },
  { "ieee_double", TDESC_TYPE_IEEE_DOUBLE },
  { "arm_fpa_ext", TDESC_TYPE_ARM_FPA_EXT },
  { "i387_ext", TDESC_TYPE_I387_EXT }
};

/* Lookup a predefined type.  */

static struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_predefined_type (enum tdesc_type_kind kind)
{
  int ix;
  struct tdesc_type *type;

  for (ix = 0; ix < ARRAY_SIZE (tdesc_predefined_types); ix++)
    if (tdesc_predefined_types[ix].kind == kind)
      return &tdesc_predefined_types[ix];

  gdb_assert_not_reached ("bad predefined tdesc type");
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_named_type (const struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *id)
{
  int ix;
  struct tdesc_type *type;

  /* First try target-defined types.  */
  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_p, feature->types, ix, type); ix++)
    if (strcmp (type->name, id) == 0)
      return type;

  /* Next try the predefined types.  */
  for (ix = 0; ix < ARRAY_SIZE (tdesc_predefined_types); ix++)
    if (strcmp (tdesc_predefined_types[ix].name, id) == 0)
      return &tdesc_predefined_types[ix];

  return NULL;
}

/* Lookup type associated with ID.  */

struct type *
tdesc_find_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, const char *id)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_reg *reg;
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data;
  int i, num_regs;

  data = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);
  num_regs = VEC_length (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs);
  for (i = 0; i < num_regs; i++)
    {
      reg = VEC_index (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, i);
      if (reg->reg
	  && reg->reg->tdesc_type
	  && reg->type
	  && strcmp (id, reg->reg->tdesc_type->name) == 0)
	return reg->type;
    }

  return NULL;
}

/* Construct, if necessary, and return the GDB type implementing target
   type TDESC_TYPE for architecture GDBARCH.  */

static struct type *
tdesc_gdb_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct tdesc_type *tdesc_type)
{
  struct type *type;

  switch (tdesc_type->kind)
    {
    /* Predefined types.  */
    case TDESC_TYPE_BOOL:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_bool;

    case TDESC_TYPE_INT8:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int8;

    case TDESC_TYPE_INT16:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int16;

    case TDESC_TYPE_INT32:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int32;

    case TDESC_TYPE_INT64:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int64;

    case TDESC_TYPE_INT128:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int128;

    case TDESC_TYPE_UINT8:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint8;

    case TDESC_TYPE_UINT16:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint16;

    case TDESC_TYPE_UINT32:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint32;

    case TDESC_TYPE_UINT64:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint64;

    case TDESC_TYPE_UINT128:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint128;

    case TDESC_TYPE_CODE_PTR:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_func_ptr;

    case TDESC_TYPE_DATA_PTR:
      return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr;

    default:
      break;
    }

  type = tdesc_find_type (gdbarch, tdesc_type->name);
  if (type)
    return type;

  switch (tdesc_type->kind)
    {
    case TDESC_TYPE_IEEE_SINGLE:
      return arch_float_type (gdbarch, -1, "builtin_type_ieee_single",
			      floatformats_ieee_single);

    case TDESC_TYPE_IEEE_DOUBLE:
      return arch_float_type (gdbarch, -1, "builtin_type_ieee_double",
			      floatformats_ieee_double);

    case TDESC_TYPE_ARM_FPA_EXT:
      return arch_float_type (gdbarch, -1, "builtin_type_arm_ext",
			      floatformats_arm_ext);

    case TDESC_TYPE_I387_EXT:
      return arch_float_type (gdbarch, -1, "builtin_type_i387_ext",
			      floatformats_i387_ext);

    /* Types defined by a target feature.  */
    case TDESC_TYPE_VECTOR:
      {
	struct type *type, *field_type;

	field_type = tdesc_gdb_type (gdbarch, tdesc_type->u.v.type);
	type = init_vector_type (field_type, tdesc_type->u.v.count);
	TYPE_NAME (type) = xstrdup (tdesc_type->name);

	return type;
      }

    case TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT:
      {
	struct type *type, *field_type;
	struct tdesc_type_field *f;
	int ix;

	type = arch_composite_type (gdbarch, NULL, TYPE_CODE_STRUCT);
	TYPE_NAME (type) = xstrdup (tdesc_type->name);
	TYPE_TAG_NAME (type) = TYPE_NAME (type);

	for (ix = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, tdesc_type->u.u.fields, ix, f);
	     ix++)
	  {
	    if (f->start != -1 && f->end != -1)
	      {
		/* Bitfield.  */
		struct field *fld;
		struct type *field_type;
		int bitsize, total_size;

		/* This invariant should be preserved while creating types.  */
		gdb_assert (tdesc_type->u.u.size != 0);
		if (f->type != NULL)
		  field_type = tdesc_gdb_type (gdbarch, f->type);
		else if (tdesc_type->u.u.size > 4)
		  field_type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint64;
		else
		  field_type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint32;

		fld = append_composite_type_field_raw (type, xstrdup (f->name),
						       field_type);

		/* For little-endian, BITPOS counts from the LSB of
		   the structure and marks the LSB of the field.  For
		   big-endian, BITPOS counts from the MSB of the
		   structure and marks the MSB of the field.  Either
		   way, it is the number of bits to the "left" of the
		   field.  To calculate this in big-endian, we need
		   the total size of the structure.  */
		bitsize = f->end - f->start + 1;
		total_size = tdesc_type->u.u.size * TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
		if (gdbarch_bits_big_endian (gdbarch))
		  SET_FIELD_BITPOS (fld[0], total_size - f->start - bitsize);
		else
		  SET_FIELD_BITPOS (fld[0], f->start);
		FIELD_BITSIZE (fld[0]) = bitsize;
	      }
	    else
	      {
		gdb_assert (f->start == -1 && f->end == -1);
		field_type = tdesc_gdb_type (gdbarch, f->type);
		append_composite_type_field (type, xstrdup (f->name),
					     field_type);
	      }
	  }

	if (tdesc_type->u.u.size != 0)
	  TYPE_LENGTH (type) = tdesc_type->u.u.size;
	return type;
      }

    case TDESC_TYPE_UNION:
      {
	struct type *type, *field_type;
	struct tdesc_type_field *f;
	int ix;

	type = arch_composite_type (gdbarch, NULL, TYPE_CODE_UNION);
	TYPE_NAME (type) = xstrdup (tdesc_type->name);

	for (ix = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, tdesc_type->u.u.fields, ix, f);
	     ix++)
	  {
	    field_type = tdesc_gdb_type (gdbarch, f->type);
	    append_composite_type_field (type, xstrdup (f->name), field_type);

	    /* If any of the children of a union are vectors, flag the
	       union as a vector also.  This allows e.g. a union of two
	       vector types to show up automatically in "info vector".  */
	    if (TYPE_VECTOR (field_type))
	      TYPE_VECTOR (type) = 1;
	  }
	return type;
      }

    case TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS:
      {
	struct tdesc_type_field *f;
	int ix;

	type = arch_flags_type (gdbarch, tdesc_type->name,
				tdesc_type->u.u.size * TARGET_CHAR_BIT);
	for (ix = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, tdesc_type->u.u.fields, ix, f);
	     ix++)
	  {
	    struct type *field_type;
	    int bitsize = f->end - f->start + 1;

	    gdb_assert (f->type != NULL);
	    field_type = tdesc_gdb_type (gdbarch, f->type);
	    append_flags_type_field (type, f->start, bitsize,
				     field_type, f->name);
	  }

	return type;
      }

    case TDESC_TYPE_ENUM:
      {
	struct tdesc_type_field *f;
	int ix;

	type = arch_type (gdbarch, TYPE_CODE_ENUM,
			  tdesc_type->u.u.size * TARGET_CHAR_BIT,
			  tdesc_type->name);
	TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) = 1;
	for (ix = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, tdesc_type->u.u.fields, ix, f);
	     ix++)
	  {
	    struct field *fld
	      = append_composite_type_field_raw (type, xstrdup (f->name),
						 NULL);

	    SET_FIELD_BITPOS (fld[0], f->start);
	  }

	return type;
      }
    }

  internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
		  "Type \"%s\" has an unknown kind %d",
		  tdesc_type->name, tdesc_type->kind);
}


/* Support for registers from target descriptions.  */

/* Construct the per-gdbarch data.  */

static void *
tdesc_data_init (struct obstack *obstack)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data;

  data = OBSTACK_ZALLOC (obstack, struct tdesc_arch_data);
  return data;
}

/* Similar, but for the temporary copy used during architecture
   initialization.  */

struct tdesc_arch_data *
tdesc_data_alloc (void)
{
  return XCNEW (struct tdesc_arch_data);
}

/* Free something allocated by tdesc_data_alloc, if it is not going
   to be used (for instance if it was unsuitable for the
   architecture).  */

void
tdesc_data_cleanup (void *data_untyped)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) data_untyped;

  VEC_free (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs);
  xfree (data);
}

/* Search FEATURE for a register named NAME.  */

static struct tdesc_reg *
tdesc_find_register_early (const struct tdesc_feature *feature,
			   const char *name)
{
  int ixr;
  struct tdesc_reg *reg;

  for (ixr = 0;
       VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, feature->registers, ixr, reg);
       ixr++)
    if (strcasecmp (reg->name, name) == 0)
      return reg;

  return NULL;
}

/* Search FEATURE for a register named NAME.  Assign REGNO to it.  */

int
tdesc_numbered_register (const struct tdesc_feature *feature,
			 struct tdesc_arch_data *data,
			 int regno, const char *name)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_reg arch_reg = { 0 };
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = tdesc_find_register_early (feature, name);

  if (reg == NULL)
    return 0;

  /* Make sure the vector includes a REGNO'th element.  */
  while (regno >= VEC_length (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs))
    VEC_safe_push (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, &arch_reg);

  arch_reg.reg = reg;
  VEC_replace (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, regno, &arch_reg);
  return 1;
}

/* Search FEATURE for a register named NAME, but do not assign a fixed
   register number to it.  */

int
tdesc_unnumbered_register (const struct tdesc_feature *feature,
			   const char *name)
{
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = tdesc_find_register_early (feature, name);

  if (reg == NULL)
    return 0;

  return 1;
}

/* Search FEATURE for a register whose name is in NAMES and assign
   REGNO to it.  */

int
tdesc_numbered_register_choices (const struct tdesc_feature *feature,
				 struct tdesc_arch_data *data,
				 int regno, const char *const names[])
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; names[i] != NULL; i++)
    if (tdesc_numbered_register (feature, data, regno, names[i]))
      return 1;

  return 0;
}

/* Search FEATURE for a register named NAME, and return its size in
   bits.  The register must exist.  */

int
tdesc_register_size (const struct tdesc_feature *feature,
		     const char *name)
{
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = tdesc_find_register_early (feature, name);

  gdb_assert (reg != NULL);
  return reg->bitsize;
}

/* Look up a register by its GDB internal register number.  */

static struct tdesc_arch_reg *
tdesc_find_arch_register (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data;

  data = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);
  if (regno < VEC_length (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs))
    return VEC_index (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, regno);
  else
    return NULL;
}

static struct tdesc_reg *
tdesc_find_register (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_reg *reg = tdesc_find_arch_register (gdbarch, regno);

  return reg? reg->reg : NULL;
}

/* Return the name of register REGNO, from the target description or
   from an architecture-provided pseudo_register_name method.  */

const char *
tdesc_register_name (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno)
{
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = tdesc_find_register (gdbarch, regno);
  int num_regs = gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch);
  int num_pseudo_regs = gdbarch_num_pseudo_regs (gdbarch);

  if (reg != NULL)
    return reg->name;

  if (regno >= num_regs && regno < num_regs + num_pseudo_regs)
    {
      struct tdesc_arch_data *data
	= (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);

      gdb_assert (data->pseudo_register_name != NULL);
      return data->pseudo_register_name (gdbarch, regno);
    }

  return "";
}

struct type *
tdesc_register_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_reg *arch_reg = tdesc_find_arch_register (gdbarch, regno);
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = arch_reg? arch_reg->reg : NULL;
  int num_regs = gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch);
  int num_pseudo_regs = gdbarch_num_pseudo_regs (gdbarch);

  if (reg == NULL && regno >= num_regs && regno < num_regs + num_pseudo_regs)
    {
      struct tdesc_arch_data *data
	= (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);

      gdb_assert (data->pseudo_register_type != NULL);
      return data->pseudo_register_type (gdbarch, regno);
    }

  if (reg == NULL)
    /* Return "int0_t", since "void" has a misleading size of one.  */
    return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int0;

  if (arch_reg->type == NULL)
    {
      /* First check for a predefined or target defined type.  */
      if (reg->tdesc_type)
        arch_reg->type = tdesc_gdb_type (gdbarch, reg->tdesc_type);

      /* Next try size-sensitive type shortcuts.  */
      else if (strcmp (reg->type, "float") == 0)
	{
	  if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_float_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_float;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_double_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_double;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_long_double_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_long_double;
	  else
	    {
	      warning (_("Register \"%s\" has an unsupported size (%d bits)"),
		       reg->name, reg->bitsize);
	      arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_double;
	    }
	}
      else if (strcmp (reg->type, "int") == 0)
	{
	  if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_long_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_long;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == TARGET_CHAR_BIT)
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_char;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_short_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_short;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_int_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_int;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_long_long_bit (gdbarch))
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_long_long;
	  else if (reg->bitsize == gdbarch_ptr_bit (gdbarch))
	  /* A bit desperate by this point...  */
	    arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr;
	  else
	    {
	      warning (_("Register \"%s\" has an unsupported size (%d bits)"),
		       reg->name, reg->bitsize);
	      arch_reg->type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_long;
	    }
	}

      if (arch_reg->type == NULL)
	internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
			"Register \"%s\" has an unknown type \"%s\"",
			reg->name, reg->type);
    }

  return arch_reg->type;
}

static int
tdesc_remote_register_number (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno)
{
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = tdesc_find_register (gdbarch, regno);

  if (reg != NULL)
    return reg->target_regnum;
  else
    return -1;
}

/* Check whether REGNUM is a member of REGGROUP.  Registers from the
   target description may be classified as general, float, or vector.
   Unlike a gdbarch register_reggroup_p method, this function will
   return -1 if it does not know; the caller should handle registers
   with no specified group.

   Arbitrary strings (other than "general", "float", and "vector")
   from the description are not used; they cause the register to be
   displayed in "info all-registers" but excluded from "info
   registers" et al.  The names of containing features are also not
   used.  This might be extended to display registers in some more
   useful groupings.

   The save-restore flag is also implemented here.  */

int
tdesc_register_in_reggroup_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno,
			      struct reggroup *reggroup)
{
  struct tdesc_reg *reg = tdesc_find_register (gdbarch, regno);

  if (reg != NULL && reg->group != NULL)
    {
      int general_p = 0, float_p = 0, vector_p = 0;

      if (strcmp (reg->group, "general") == 0)
	general_p = 1;
      else if (strcmp (reg->group, "float") == 0)
	float_p = 1;
      else if (strcmp (reg->group, "vector") == 0)
	vector_p = 1;

      if (reggroup == float_reggroup)
	return float_p;

      if (reggroup == vector_reggroup)
	return vector_p;

      if (reggroup == general_reggroup)
	return general_p;
    }

  if (reg != NULL
      && (reggroup == save_reggroup || reggroup == restore_reggroup))
    return reg->save_restore;

  return -1;
}

/* Check whether REGNUM is a member of REGGROUP.  Registers with no
   group specified go to the default reggroup function and are handled
   by type.  */

static int
tdesc_register_reggroup_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regno,
			   struct reggroup *reggroup)
{
  int num_regs = gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch);
  int num_pseudo_regs = gdbarch_num_pseudo_regs (gdbarch);
  int ret;

  if (regno >= num_regs && regno < num_regs + num_pseudo_regs)
    {
      struct tdesc_arch_data *data
	= (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);

      if (data->pseudo_register_reggroup_p != NULL)
	return data->pseudo_register_reggroup_p (gdbarch, regno, reggroup);
      /* Otherwise fall through to the default reggroup_p.  */
    }

  ret = tdesc_register_in_reggroup_p (gdbarch, regno, reggroup);
  if (ret != -1)
    return ret;

  return default_register_reggroup_p (gdbarch, regno, reggroup);
}

/* Record architecture-specific functions to call for pseudo-register
   support.  */

void
set_tdesc_pseudo_register_name (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
				gdbarch_register_name_ftype *pseudo_name)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data
    = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);

  data->pseudo_register_name = pseudo_name;
}

void
set_tdesc_pseudo_register_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
				gdbarch_register_type_ftype *pseudo_type)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data
    = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);

  data->pseudo_register_type = pseudo_type;
}

void
set_tdesc_pseudo_register_reggroup_p
  (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
   gdbarch_register_reggroup_p_ftype *pseudo_reggroup_p)
{
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data
    = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);

  data->pseudo_register_reggroup_p = pseudo_reggroup_p;
}

/* Update GDBARCH to use the target description for registers.  */

void
tdesc_use_registers (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
		     const struct target_desc *target_desc,
		     struct tdesc_arch_data *early_data)
{
  int num_regs = gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch);
  int ixf, ixr;
  struct tdesc_feature *feature;
  struct tdesc_reg *reg;
  struct tdesc_arch_data *data;
  struct tdesc_arch_reg *arch_reg, new_arch_reg = { 0 };
  htab_t reg_hash;

  /* We can't use the description for registers if it doesn't describe
     any.  This function should only be called after validating
     registers, so the caller should know that registers are
     included.  */
  gdb_assert (tdesc_has_registers (target_desc));

  data = (struct tdesc_arch_data *) gdbarch_data (gdbarch, tdesc_data);
  data->arch_regs = early_data->arch_regs;
  xfree (early_data);

  /* Build up a set of all registers, so that we can assign register
     numbers where needed.  The hash table expands as necessary, so
     the initial size is arbitrary.  */
  reg_hash = htab_create (37, htab_hash_pointer, htab_eq_pointer, NULL);
  for (ixf = 0;
       VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, target_desc->features, ixf, feature);
       ixf++)
    for (ixr = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, feature->registers, ixr, reg);
	 ixr++)
      {
	void **slot = htab_find_slot (reg_hash, reg, INSERT);

	*slot = reg;
      }

  /* Remove any registers which were assigned numbers by the
     architecture.  */
  for (ixr = 0;
       VEC_iterate (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, ixr, arch_reg);
       ixr++)
    if (arch_reg->reg)
      htab_remove_elt (reg_hash, arch_reg->reg);

  /* Assign numbers to the remaining registers and add them to the
     list of registers.  The new numbers are always above gdbarch_num_regs.
     Iterate over the features, not the hash table, so that the order
     matches that in the target description.  */

  gdb_assert (VEC_length (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs) <= num_regs);
  while (VEC_length (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs) < num_regs)
    VEC_safe_push (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, &new_arch_reg);
  for (ixf = 0;
       VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, target_desc->features, ixf, feature);
       ixf++)
    for (ixr = 0;
	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, feature->registers, ixr, reg);
	 ixr++)
      if (htab_find (reg_hash, reg) != NULL)
	{
	  new_arch_reg.reg = reg;
	  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_arch_reg, data->arch_regs, &new_arch_reg);
	  num_regs++;
	}

  htab_delete (reg_hash);

  /* Update the architecture.  */
  set_gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch, num_regs);
  set_gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, tdesc_register_name);
  set_gdbarch_register_type (gdbarch, tdesc_register_type);
  set_gdbarch_remote_register_number (gdbarch,
				      tdesc_remote_register_number);
  set_gdbarch_register_reggroup_p (gdbarch, tdesc_register_reggroup_p);
}


/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
tdesc_create_reg (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name,
		  int regnum, int save_restore, const char *group,
		  int bitsize, const char *type)
{
  tdesc_reg *reg = new tdesc_reg (feature, name, regnum, save_restore,
				  group, bitsize, type);

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_reg_p, feature->registers, reg);
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_create_vector (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name,
		     struct tdesc_type *field_type, int count)
{
  struct tdesc_type *type = new tdesc_type (name, TDESC_TYPE_VECTOR);

  type->u.v.type = field_type;
  type->u.v.count = count;

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_p, feature->types, type);
  return type;
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_create_struct (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name)
{
  struct tdesc_type *type = new tdesc_type (name, TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT);

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_p, feature->types, type);
  return type;
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
tdesc_set_struct_size (struct tdesc_type *type, int size)
{
  gdb_assert (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT);
  gdb_assert (size > 0);
  type->u.u.size = size;
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_create_union (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name)
{
  struct tdesc_type *type = new tdesc_type (name, TDESC_TYPE_UNION);

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_p, feature->types, type);
  return type;
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_create_flags (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name,
		    int size)
{
  struct tdesc_type *type = new tdesc_type (name, TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS);

  gdb_assert (size > 0);

  type->u.u.size = size;

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_p, feature->types, type);
  return type;
}

struct tdesc_type *
tdesc_create_enum (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name,
		   int size)
{
  struct tdesc_type *type = new tdesc_type (name, TDESC_TYPE_ENUM);

  gdb_assert (size > 0);

  type->u.u.size = size;

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_p, feature->types, type);
  return type;
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
tdesc_add_field (struct tdesc_type *type, const char *field_name,
		 struct tdesc_type *field_type)
{
  struct tdesc_type_field f = { 0 };

  gdb_assert (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_UNION
	      || type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT);

  f.name = xstrdup (field_name);
  f.type = field_type;
  /* Initialize these values so we know this is not a bit-field
     when we print-c-tdesc.  */
  f.start = -1;
  f.end = -1;

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, &f);
}

void
tdesc_add_typed_bitfield (struct tdesc_type *type, const char *field_name,
			  int start, int end, struct tdesc_type *field_type)
{
  struct tdesc_type_field f = { 0 };

  gdb_assert (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT
	      || type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS);
  gdb_assert (start >= 0 && end >= start);

  f.name = xstrdup (field_name);
  f.start = start;
  f.end = end;
  f.type = field_type;

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, &f);
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
tdesc_add_bitfield (struct tdesc_type *type, const char *field_name,
		    int start, int end)
{
  struct tdesc_type *field_type;

  gdb_assert (start >= 0 && end >= start);

  if (type->u.u.size > 4)
    field_type = tdesc_predefined_type (TDESC_TYPE_UINT64);
  else
    field_type = tdesc_predefined_type (TDESC_TYPE_UINT32);

  tdesc_add_typed_bitfield (type, field_name, start, end, field_type);
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
tdesc_add_flag (struct tdesc_type *type, int start,
		const char *flag_name)
{
  struct tdesc_type_field f = { 0 };

  gdb_assert (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS
	      || type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT);

  f.name = xstrdup (flag_name);
  f.start = start;
  f.end = start;
  f.type = tdesc_predefined_type (TDESC_TYPE_BOOL);

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, &f);
}

void
tdesc_add_enum_value (struct tdesc_type *type, int value,
		      const char *name)
{
  struct tdesc_type_field f = { 0 };

  gdb_assert (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_ENUM);

  f.name = xstrdup (name);
  f.start = value;
  f.end = -1;
  f.type = tdesc_predefined_type (TDESC_TYPE_INT32);

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, &f);
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

struct tdesc_feature *
tdesc_create_feature (struct target_desc *tdesc, const char *name,
		      const char *xml)
{
  struct tdesc_feature *new_feature = new tdesc_feature (name);

  VEC_safe_push (tdesc_feature_p, tdesc->features, new_feature);
  return new_feature;
}

struct target_desc *
allocate_target_description (void)
{
  return new target_desc ();
}

static void
free_target_description (void *arg)
{
  struct target_desc *target_desc = (struct target_desc *) arg;

  delete target_desc;
}

struct cleanup *
make_cleanup_free_target_description (struct target_desc *target_desc)
{
  return make_cleanup (free_target_description, target_desc);
}

void
tdesc_add_compatible (struct target_desc *target_desc,
		      const struct bfd_arch_info *compatible)
{
  const struct bfd_arch_info *compat;
  int ix;

  /* If this instance of GDB is compiled without BFD support for the
     compatible architecture, simply ignore it -- we would not be able
     to handle it anyway.  */
  if (compatible == NULL)
    return;

  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (arch_p, target_desc->compatible, ix, compat);
       ix++)
    if (compat == compatible)
      internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
		      _("Attempted to add duplicate "
			"compatible architecture \"%s\""),
		      compatible->printable_name);

  VEC_safe_push (arch_p, target_desc->compatible, compatible);
}

void
set_tdesc_property (struct target_desc *target_desc,
		    const char *key, const char *value)
{
  struct property *prop, new_prop;
  int ix;

  gdb_assert (key != NULL && value != NULL);

  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (property_s, target_desc->properties, ix, prop);
       ix++)
    if (strcmp (prop->key, key) == 0)
      internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
		      _("Attempted to add duplicate property \"%s\""), key);

  new_prop.key = xstrdup (key);
  new_prop.value = xstrdup (value);
  VEC_safe_push (property_s, target_desc->properties, &new_prop);
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
set_tdesc_architecture (struct target_desc *target_desc,
			const char *name)
{
  set_tdesc_architecture (target_desc, bfd_scan_arch (name));
}

void
set_tdesc_architecture (struct target_desc *target_desc,
			const struct bfd_arch_info *arch)
{
  target_desc->arch = arch;
}

/* See arch/tdesc.h.  */

void
set_tdesc_osabi (struct target_desc *target_desc, const char *name)
{
  set_tdesc_osabi (target_desc, osabi_from_tdesc_string (name));
}

void
set_tdesc_osabi (struct target_desc *target_desc, enum gdb_osabi osabi)
{
  target_desc->osabi = osabi;
}


static struct cmd_list_element *tdesc_set_cmdlist, *tdesc_show_cmdlist;
static struct cmd_list_element *tdesc_unset_cmdlist;

/* Helper functions for the CLI commands.  */

static void
set_tdesc_cmd (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
  help_list (tdesc_set_cmdlist, "set tdesc ", all_commands, gdb_stdout);
}

static void
show_tdesc_cmd (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
  cmd_show_list (tdesc_show_cmdlist, from_tty, "");
}

static void
unset_tdesc_cmd (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
  help_list (tdesc_unset_cmdlist, "unset tdesc ", all_commands, gdb_stdout);
}

static void
set_tdesc_filename_cmd (const char *args, int from_tty,
			struct cmd_list_element *c)
{
  xfree (target_description_filename);
  target_description_filename = xstrdup (tdesc_filename_cmd_string);

  target_clear_description ();
  target_find_description ();
}

static void
show_tdesc_filename_cmd (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
			 struct cmd_list_element *c,
			 const char *value)
{
  value = target_description_filename;

  if (value != NULL && *value != '\0')
    printf_filtered (_("The target description will be read from \"%s\".\n"),
		     value);
  else
    printf_filtered (_("The target description will be "
		       "read from the target.\n"));
}

static void
unset_tdesc_filename_cmd (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
  xfree (target_description_filename);
  target_description_filename = NULL;
  target_clear_description ();
  target_find_description ();
}

/* Print target description in C.  */

class print_c_tdesc : public tdesc_element_visitor
{
public:
  print_c_tdesc (std::string &filename_after_features)
    : m_filename_after_features (filename_after_features)
  {
    const char *inp;
    char *outp;
    const char *filename = lbasename (m_filename_after_features.c_str ());

    m_function = (char *) xmalloc (strlen (filename) + 1);
    for (inp = filename, outp = m_function; *inp != '\0'; inp++)
      if (*inp == '.')
	break;
      else if (*inp == '-')
	*outp++ = '_';
      else
	*outp++ = *inp;
    *outp = '\0';

    /* Standard boilerplate.  */
    printf_unfiltered ("/* THIS FILE IS GENERATED.  "
		       "-*- buffer-read-only: t -*- vi"
		       ":set ro:\n");
  }

  ~print_c_tdesc ()
  {
    xfree (m_function);
  }

  void visit_pre (const target_desc *e) override
  {
    printf_unfiltered ("  Original: %s */\n\n",
		       lbasename (m_filename_after_features.c_str ()));

    printf_unfiltered ("#include \"defs.h\"\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("#include \"osabi.h\"\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("#include \"target-descriptions.h\"\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("\n");

    printf_unfiltered ("struct target_desc *tdesc_%s;\n", m_function);
    printf_unfiltered ("static void\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("initialize_tdesc_%s (void)\n", m_function);
    printf_unfiltered ("{\n");
    printf_unfiltered
      ("  struct target_desc *result = allocate_target_description ();\n");

    if (tdesc_architecture (e) != NULL)
      {
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  set_tdesc_architecture (result, bfd_scan_arch (\"%s\"));\n",
	   tdesc_architecture (e)->printable_name);
	printf_unfiltered ("\n");
      }
    if (tdesc_osabi (e) > GDB_OSABI_UNKNOWN
	&& tdesc_osabi (e) < GDB_OSABI_INVALID)
      {
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  set_tdesc_osabi (result, osabi_from_tdesc_string (\"%s\"));\n",
	   gdbarch_osabi_name (tdesc_osabi (e)));
	printf_unfiltered ("\n");
      }

    int ix;
    const struct bfd_arch_info *compatible;
    struct property *prop;

    for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (arch_p, e->compatible, ix, compatible);
	 ix++)
      {
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  tdesc_add_compatible (result, bfd_scan_arch (\"%s\"));\n",
	   compatible->printable_name);
      }

    if (ix)
      printf_unfiltered ("\n");

    for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (property_s, e->properties, ix, prop);
	 ix++)
      {
	printf_unfiltered ("  set_tdesc_property (result, \"%s\", \"%s\");\n",
			   prop->key, prop->value);
      }
    printf_unfiltered ("  struct tdesc_feature *feature;\n");
  }

  void visit_pre (const tdesc_feature *e) override
  {
    printf_unfiltered ("\n  feature = tdesc_create_feature (result, \"%s\");\n",
		       e->name);
  }

  void visit_post (const tdesc_feature *e) override
  {}

  void visit_post (const target_desc *e) override
  {
    printf_unfiltered ("\n  tdesc_%s = result;\n", m_function);
    printf_unfiltered ("}\n");
  }

  void visit (const tdesc_type *type) override
  {
    struct tdesc_type_field *f;

    /* Now we do some "filtering" in order to know which variables to
       declare.  This is needed because otherwise we would declare unused
       variables `field_type' and `type'.  */
    if (!m_printed_field_type)
      {
	printf_unfiltered ("  struct tdesc_type *field_type;\n");
	m_printed_field_type = true;
      }

    if ((type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_UNION
	 || type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT
	 || type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS
	 || type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_ENUM)
	&& VEC_length (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields) > 0
	&& !m_printed_type)
      {
	printf_unfiltered ("  struct tdesc_type *type;\n");
	m_printed_type = true;
      }

    switch (type->kind)
      {
      case TDESC_TYPE_VECTOR:
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  field_type = tdesc_named_type (feature, \"%s\");\n",
	   type->u.v.type->name);
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  tdesc_create_vector (feature, \"%s\", field_type, %d);\n",
	   type->name, type->u.v.count);
	break;
      case TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT:
      case TDESC_TYPE_FLAGS:
	if (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT)
	  {
	    printf_unfiltered
	      ("  type = tdesc_create_struct (feature, \"%s\");\n",
	       type->name);
	    if (type->u.u.size != 0)
	      printf_unfiltered
		("  tdesc_set_struct_size (type, %d);\n",
		 type->u.u.size);
	  }
	else
	  {
	    printf_unfiltered
	      ("  type = tdesc_create_flags (feature, \"%s\", %d);\n",
	       type->name, type->u.u.size);
	  }
	for (int ix3 = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, ix3, f);
	     ix3++)
	  {
	    const char *type_name;

	    gdb_assert (f->type != NULL);
	    type_name = f->type->name;

	    /* To minimize changes to generated files, don't emit type
	       info for fields that have defaulted types.  */
	    if (f->start != -1)
	      {
		gdb_assert (f->end != -1);
		if (f->type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_BOOL)
		  {
		    gdb_assert (f->start == f->end);
		    printf_unfiltered
		      ("  tdesc_add_flag (type, %d, \"%s\");\n",
		       f->start, f->name);
		  }
		else if ((type->u.u.size == 4
			  && f->type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_UINT32)
			 || (type->u.u.size == 8
			     && f->type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_UINT64))
		  {
		    printf_unfiltered
		      ("  tdesc_add_bitfield (type, \"%s\", %d, %d);\n",
		       f->name, f->start, f->end);
		  }
		else
		  {
		    printf_unfiltered
		      ("  field_type = tdesc_named_type (feature,"
		       " \"%s\");\n",
		       type_name);
		    printf_unfiltered
		      ("  tdesc_add_typed_bitfield (type, \"%s\","
		       " %d, %d, field_type);\n",
		       f->name, f->start, f->end);
		  }
	      }
	    else /* Not a bitfield.  */
	      {
		gdb_assert (f->end == -1);
		gdb_assert (type->kind == TDESC_TYPE_STRUCT);
		printf_unfiltered
		  ("  field_type = tdesc_named_type (feature,"
		   " \"%s\");\n",
		   type_name);
		printf_unfiltered
		  ("  tdesc_add_field (type, \"%s\", field_type);\n",
		   f->name);
	      }
	  }
	break;
      case TDESC_TYPE_UNION:
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  type = tdesc_create_union (feature, \"%s\");\n",
	   type->name);
	for (int ix3 = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, ix3, f);
	     ix3++)
	  {
	    printf_unfiltered
	      ("  field_type = tdesc_named_type (feature, \"%s\");\n",
	       f->type->name);
	    printf_unfiltered
	      ("  tdesc_add_field (type, \"%s\", field_type);\n",
	       f->name);
	  }
	break;
      case TDESC_TYPE_ENUM:
	printf_unfiltered
	  ("  type = tdesc_create_enum (feature, \"%s\", %d);\n",
	   type->name, type->u.u.size);
	for (int ix3 = 0;
	     VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_field, type->u.u.fields, ix3, f);
	     ix3++)
	  printf_unfiltered
	    ("  tdesc_add_enum_value (type, %d, \"%s\");\n",
	     f->start, f->name);
	break;
      default:
	error (_("C output is not supported type \"%s\"."), type->name);
      }
    printf_unfiltered ("\n");
  }

  void visit (const tdesc_reg *reg) override
  {
    printf_unfiltered ("  tdesc_create_reg (feature, \"%s\", %ld, %d, ",
		       reg->name, reg->target_regnum, reg->save_restore);
    if (reg->group)
      printf_unfiltered ("\"%s\", ", reg->group);
    else
      printf_unfiltered ("NULL, ");
    printf_unfiltered ("%d, \"%s\");\n", reg->bitsize, reg->type);
  }

protected:
  std::string m_filename_after_features;

private:
  char *m_function;
  bool m_printed_field_type = false;
  bool m_printed_type = false;
};

/* Print target description feature in C.  */

class print_c_feature : public print_c_tdesc
{
public:
  print_c_feature (std::string &file)
    : print_c_tdesc (file)
  {
    /* Trim ".tmp".  */
    auto const pos = m_filename_after_features.find_last_of ('.');

    m_filename_after_features = m_filename_after_features.substr (0, pos);
  }

  void visit_pre (const target_desc *e) override
  {
    printf_unfiltered ("  Original: %s */\n\n",
		       lbasename (m_filename_after_features.c_str ()));

    printf_unfiltered ("#include \"arch/tdesc.h\"\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("\n");
  }

  void visit_post (const target_desc *e) override
  {}

  void visit_pre (const tdesc_feature *e) override
  {
    std::string name (m_filename_after_features);

    auto pos = name.find_first_of ('.');

    name = name.substr (0, pos);
    std::replace (name.begin (), name.end (), '/', '_');
    std::replace (name.begin (), name.end (), '-', '_');

    printf_unfiltered ("static int\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("create_feature_%s ", name.c_str ());
    printf_unfiltered ("(struct target_desc *result, long regnum)\n");

    printf_unfiltered ("{\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("  struct tdesc_feature *feature;\n");

    printf_unfiltered
      ("\n  feature = tdesc_create_feature (result, \"%s\", \"%s\");\n",
       e->name, lbasename (m_filename_after_features.c_str ()));
  }

  void visit_post (const tdesc_feature *e) override
  {
    printf_unfiltered ("  return regnum;\n");
    printf_unfiltered ("}\n");
  }

  void visit (const tdesc_reg *reg) override
  {
    /* Most "reg" in XML target descriptions don't have "regnum"
       attribute, so the register number is allocated sequentially.
       In case that reg has "regnum" attribute, register number
       should be set by that explicitly.  */

    if (reg->target_regnum < m_next_regnum)
      {
	/* The integrity check, it can catch some errors on register
	   number collision, like this,

	  <reg name="x0" bitsize="32"/>
	  <reg name="x1" bitsize="32"/>
	  <reg name="x2" bitsize="32"/>
	  <reg name="x3" bitsize="32"/>
	  <reg name="ps" bitsize="32" regnum="3"/>

	  but it also has false negatives.  The target description
	  below is correct,

	  <reg name="x1" bitsize="32" regnum="1"/>
	  <reg name="x3" bitsize="32" regnum="3"/>
	  <reg name="x2" bitsize="32" regnum="2"/>
	  <reg name="x4" bitsize="32" regnum="4"/>

	  but it is not a good practice, so still error on this,
	  and also print the message so that it can be saved in the
	  generated c file.  */

	printf_unfiltered ("ERROR: \"regnum\" attribute %ld ",
			   reg->target_regnum);
	printf_unfiltered ("is not the largest number (%d).\n",
			   m_next_regnum);
	error (_("\"regnum\" attribute %ld is not the largest number (%d)."),
	       reg->target_regnum, m_next_regnum);
      }

    if (reg->target_regnum > m_next_regnum)
      {
	printf_unfiltered ("  regnum = %ld;\n", reg->target_regnum);
	m_next_regnum = reg->target_regnum;
      }

    printf_unfiltered ("  tdesc_create_reg (feature, \"%s\", regnum++, %d, ",
		       reg->name, reg->save_restore);
    if (reg->group)
      printf_unfiltered ("\"%s\", ", reg->group);
    else
      printf_unfiltered ("NULL, ");
    printf_unfiltered ("%d, \"%s\");\n", reg->bitsize, reg->type);

    m_next_regnum++;
  }

private:
  /* The register number to use for the next register we see.  */
  int m_next_regnum = 0;
};

static void
maint_print_c_tdesc_cmd (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
  const struct target_desc *tdesc;
  const char *filename;

  if (args == NULL)
    {
      /* Use the global target-supplied description, not the current
	 architecture's.  This lets a GDB for one architecture generate C
	 for another architecture's description, even though the gdbarch
	 initialization code will reject the new description.  */
      tdesc = current_target_desc;
      filename = target_description_filename;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Use the target description from the XML file.  */
      filename = args;
      tdesc = file_read_description_xml (filename);
    }

  if (tdesc == NULL)
    error (_("There is no target description to print."));

  if (filename == NULL)
    error (_("The current target description did not come from an XML file."));

  std::string filename_after_features (filename);
  auto loc = filename_after_features.rfind ("/features/");

  if (loc != std::string::npos)
    filename_after_features = filename_after_features.substr (loc + 10);

  /* Print c files for target features instead of target descriptions,
     because c files got from target features are more flexible than the
     counterparts.  */
  if (startswith (filename_after_features.c_str (), "i386/32bit-")
      || startswith (filename_after_features.c_str (), "i386/64bit-")
      || startswith (filename_after_features.c_str (), "i386/x32-core.xml"))
    {
      print_c_feature v (filename_after_features);

      tdesc->accept (v);
    }
  else
    {
      print_c_tdesc v (filename_after_features);

      tdesc->accept (v);
    }
}

namespace selftests {

static std::vector<std::pair<const char*, const target_desc *>> xml_tdesc;

#if GDB_SELF_TEST

/* See target-descritpions.h.  */

void
record_xml_tdesc (const char *xml_file, const struct target_desc *tdesc)
{
  xml_tdesc.emplace_back (xml_file, tdesc);
}
#endif

}

/* Check that the target descriptions created dynamically by
   architecture-specific code equal the descriptions created from XML files
   found in the specified directory DIR.  */

static void
maintenance_check_xml_descriptions (const char *dir, int from_tty)
{
  if (dir == NULL)
    error (_("Missing dir name"));

  gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<char> dir1 (tilde_expand (dir));
  std::string feature_dir (dir1.get ());
  unsigned int failed = 0;

  for (auto const &e : selftests::xml_tdesc)
    {
      std::string tdesc_xml = (feature_dir + SLASH_STRING + e.first);
      const target_desc *tdesc
	= file_read_description_xml (tdesc_xml.data ());

      if (tdesc == NULL || *tdesc != *e.second)
	failed++;
    }
  printf_filtered (_("Tested %lu XML files, %d failed\n"),
		   (long) selftests::xml_tdesc.size (), failed);
}

void
_initialize_target_descriptions (void)
{
  tdesc_data = gdbarch_data_register_pre_init (tdesc_data_init);

  add_prefix_cmd ("tdesc", class_maintenance, set_tdesc_cmd, _("\
Set target description specific variables."),
		  &tdesc_set_cmdlist, "set tdesc ",
		  0 /* allow-unknown */, &setlist);
  add_prefix_cmd ("tdesc", class_maintenance, show_tdesc_cmd, _("\
Show target description specific variables."),
		  &tdesc_show_cmdlist, "show tdesc ",
		  0 /* allow-unknown */, &showlist);
  add_prefix_cmd ("tdesc", class_maintenance, unset_tdesc_cmd, _("\
Unset target description specific variables."),
		  &tdesc_unset_cmdlist, "unset tdesc ",
		  0 /* allow-unknown */, &unsetlist);

  add_setshow_filename_cmd ("filename", class_obscure,
			    &tdesc_filename_cmd_string,
			    _("\
Set the file to read for an XML target description"), _("\
Show the file to read for an XML target description"), _("\
When set, GDB will read the target description from a local\n\
file instead of querying the remote target."),
			    set_tdesc_filename_cmd,
			    show_tdesc_filename_cmd,
			    &tdesc_set_cmdlist, &tdesc_show_cmdlist);

  add_cmd ("filename", class_obscure, unset_tdesc_filename_cmd, _("\
Unset the file to read for an XML target description.  When unset,\n\
GDB will read the description from the target."),
	   &tdesc_unset_cmdlist);

  add_cmd ("c-tdesc", class_maintenance, maint_print_c_tdesc_cmd, _("\
Print the current target description as a C source file."),
	   &maintenanceprintlist);

  cmd_list_element *cmd;

  cmd = add_cmd ("xml-descriptions", class_maintenance,
		 maintenance_check_xml_descriptions, _("\
Check the target descriptions created in GDB equal the descriptions\n\
created from XML files in the directory.\n\
The parameter is the directory name."),
		 &maintenancechecklist);
  set_cmd_completer (cmd, filename_completer);
}