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+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999 Free Software Foundation
+.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
+.TH ld 1 "17 August 1992" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
+.de BP
+.sp
+.ti \-.2i
+\(**
+..
+
+.SH NAME
+ld \- the GNU linker
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.hy 0
+.na
+.TP
+.B ld 
+.RB "[\|" \-o "
+.I output\c
+\&\|] \c
+.I objfile\c
+\&.\|.\|.
+.br
+.RB "[\|" \-A\c
+.I architecture\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" "\-b\ "\c
+.I input-format\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-Bstatic "\|]"  
+.RB "[\|" \-Bdynamic "\|]"  
+.RB "[\|" \-Bsymbolic "\|]"  
+.RB "[\|" "\-c\ "\c
+.I commandfile\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-\-cref "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-d | \-dc | \-dp\c
+\|]
+.br
+.RB "[\|" "\-defsym\ "\c
+.I symbol\c
+\& = \c
+.I expression\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-\-demangle "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-no\-demangle "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-e\ "\c
+.I entry\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-embedded\-relocs "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-E "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-export\-dynamic "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-f\ "\c
+.I name\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-\-auxiliary\ "\c
+.I name\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-F\ "\c
+.I name\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-\-filter\ "\c
+.I name\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-format\ "\c
+.I input-format\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-g "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-G
+.I size\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-h\ "\c
+.I name\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-soname\ "\c
+.I name\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-\-help "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-i "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-l\c
+.I ar\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-L\c
+.I searchdir\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-M "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-Map
+.I mapfile\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-m
+.I emulation\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" \-n | \-N "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-noinhibit-exec "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-no\-keep\-memory "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-no\-warn\-mismatch "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-O\c
+.I level\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-oformat\ "\c
+.I output-format\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" "\-R\ "\c
+.I filename\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-relax "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-r | \-Ur "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" "\-rpath\ "\c
+.I directory\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-rpath\-link\ "\c
+.I directory\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-S "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-s "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-shared "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-sort\-common "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" "\-split\-by\-reloc\ "\c
+.I count\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-split\-by\-file "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" "\-T\ "\c
+.I commandfile\c
+\&\|]  
+.RB "[\|" "\-Ttext\ "\c
+.I textorg\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" "\-Tdata\ "\c
+.I dataorg\c
+\&\|] 
+.RB "[\|" "\-Tbss\ "\c
+.I bssorg\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-t "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" "\-u\ "\c
+.I sym\c
+\&]
+.RB "[\|" \-V "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-v "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-verbose "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-version "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-common "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-constructors "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-multiple\-gp "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-once "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-section\-align "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-\-whole\-archive "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-\-no\-whole\-archive "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" "\-\-wrap\ "\c
+.I symbol\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-X "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-x "\|]" 
+.ad b
+.hy 1
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\c
+.B ld\c
+\& combines a number of object and archive files, relocates
+their data and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in
+building a new compiled program to run is a call to \c
+.B ld\c
+\&.
+
+\c
+.B ld\c
+\& accepts Linker Command Language files 
+to provide explicit and total control over the linking process.
+This man page does not describe the command language; see the `\|\c
+.B ld\c
+\|' entry in `\|\c
+.B info\c
+\|', or the manual
+.I
+ld: the GNU linker
+\&, for full details on the command language and on other aspects of
+the GNU linker. 
+
+This version of \c
+.B ld\c
+\& uses the general purpose BFD libraries
+to operate on object files. This allows \c
+.B ld\c
+\& to read, combine, and
+write object files in many different formats\(em\&for example, COFF or
+\c
+.B a.out\c
+\&.  Different formats may be linked together to produce any
+available kind of object file.  You can use `\|\c
+.B objdump \-i\c
+\|' to get a list of formats supported on various architectures; see 
+.BR objdump ( 1 ).
+
+Aside from its flexibility, the GNU linker is more helpful than other
+linkers in providing diagnostic information.  Many linkers abandon
+execution immediately upon encountering an error; whenever possible,
+\c
+.B ld\c
+\& continues executing, allowing you to identify other errors
+(or, in some cases, to get an output file in spite of the error).
+
+The GNU linker \c
+.B ld\c
+\& is meant to cover a broad range of situations,
+and to be as compatible as possible with other linkers.  As a result,
+you have many choices to control its behavior through the command line,
+and through environment variables.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+The plethora of command-line options may seem intimidating, but in
+actual practice few of them are used in any particular context.
+For instance, a frequent use of \c
+.B ld\c
+\& is to link standard Unix
+object files on a standard, supported Unix system.  On such a system, to
+link a file \c
+.B hello.o\c
+\&:
+.sp
+.br
+$\ ld\ \-o\ output\ /lib/crt0.o\ hello.o\ \-lc
+.br
+.sp
+This tells \c
+.B ld\c
+\& to produce a file called \c
+.B output\c
+\& as the
+result of linking the file \c
+.B /lib/crt0.o\c
+\& with \c
+.B hello.o\c
+\& and
+the library \c
+.B libc.a\c
+\& which will come from the standard search
+directories.
+
+The command-line options to \c
+.B ld\c
+\& may be specified in any order, and
+may be repeated at will.  For the most part, repeating an option with a
+different argument will either have no further effect, or override prior
+occurrences (those further to the left on the command line) of an
+option.  
+
+The exceptions\(em\&which may meaningfully be used more than once\(em\&are
+\c
+.B \-A\c
+\&, \c
+.B \-b\c
+\& (or its synonym \c
+.B \-format\c
+\&), \c
+.B \-defsym\c
+\&,
+\c
+.B \-L\c
+\&, \c
+.B \-l\c
+\&, \c
+.B \-R\c
+\&, and \c
+.B \-u\c
+\&.
+
+The list of object files to be linked together, shown as \c
+.I objfile\c
+\&,
+may follow, precede, or be mixed in with command-line options; save that
+an \c
+.I objfile\c
+\& argument may not be placed between an option flag and
+its argument.
+
+Usually the linker is invoked with at least one object file, but other
+forms of binary input files can also be specified with \c
+.B \-l\c
+\&,
+\c
+.B \-R\c
+\&, and the script command language.  If \c
+.I no\c
+\& binary input
+files at all are specified, the linker does not produce any output, and
+issues the message `\|\c
+.B No input files\c
+\|'.
+
+Option arguments must either follow the option letter without intervening
+whitespace, or be given as separate arguments immediately following the
+option that requires them.
+
+.TP
+.BI "-A" "architecture"
+In the current release of \c
+.B ld\c
+\&, this option is useful only for the
+Intel 960 family of architectures.  In that \c
+.B ld\c
+\& configuration, the
+\c
+.I architecture\c
+\& argument is one of the two-letter names identifying
+members of the 960 family; the option specifies the desired output
+target, and warns of any incompatible instructions in the input files.
+It also modifies the linker's search strategy for archive libraries, to
+support the use of libraries specific to each particular
+architecture, by including in the search loop names suffixed with the
+string identifying the architecture.
+
+For example, if your \c
+.B ld\c
+\& command line included `\|\c
+.B \-ACA\c
+\|' as
+well as `\|\c
+.B \-ltry\c
+\|', the linker would look (in its built-in search
+paths, and in any paths you specify with \c
+.B \-L\c
+\&) for a library with
+the names
+.sp
+.br
+try
+.br
+libtry.a
+.br
+tryca
+.br
+libtryca.a
+.br
+.sp
+
+The first two possibilities would be considered in any event; the last
+two are due to the use of `\|\c
+.B \-ACA\c
+\|'.
+
+Future releases of \c
+.B ld\c
+\& may support similar functionality for
+other architecture families.
+
+You can meaningfully use \c
+.B \-A\c
+\& more than once on a command line, if
+an architecture family allows combination of target architectures; each
+use will add another pair of name variants to search for when \c
+.B \-l
+specifies a library.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-b " "input-format"
+Specify the binary format for input object files that follow this option
+on the command line.  You don't usually need to specify this, as
+\c
+.B ld\c
+\& is configured to expect as a default input format the most
+usual format on each machine.  \c
+.I input-format\c
+\& is a text string, the
+name of a particular format supported by the BFD libraries.  
+\c
+.B \-format \c
+.I input-format\c
+\&\c
+\& has the same effect, as does the script command
+.BR TARGET .
+
+You may want to use this option if you are linking files with an unusual
+binary format.  You can also use \c
+.B \-b\c
+\& to switch formats explicitly (when
+linking object files of different formats), by including
+\c
+.B \-b \c
+.I input-format\c
+\&\c
+\& before each group of object files in a
+particular format.  
+
+The default format is taken from the environment variable
+.B GNUTARGET\c
+\&.  You can also define the input
+format from a script, using the command \c
+.B TARGET\c
+\&.
+
+.TP
+.B \-Bstatic 
+Do not link against shared libraries.  This is only meaningful on
+platforms for which shared libraries are supported.
+
+.TP
+.B \-Bdynamic
+Link against dynamic libraries.  This is only meaningful on platforms
+for which shared libraries are supported.  This option is normally the
+default on such platforms.
+
+.TP
+.B \-Bsymbolic
+When creating a shared library, bind references to global symbols to
+the definition within the shared library, if any.  Normally, it is
+possible for a program linked against a shared library to override the
+definition within the shared library.  This option is only meaningful
+on ELF platforms which support shared libraries.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-c " "commandfile"
+Directs \c
+.B ld\c
+\& to read link commands from the file
+\c
+.I commandfile\c
+\&.  These commands will completely override \c
+.B ld\c
+\&'s
+default link format (rather than adding to it); \c
+.I commandfile\c
+\& must
+specify everything necessary to describe the target format.
+
+
+You may also include a script of link commands directly in the command
+line by bracketing it between `\|\c
+.B {\c
+\|' and `\|\c
+.B }\c
+\|' characters.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-cref
+Output a cross reference table.  If a linker map file is being
+generated, the cross reference table is printed to the map file.
+Otherwise, it is printed on the standard output.
+
+.TP
+.B \-d 
+.TP
+.B \-dc
+.TP
+.B \-dp
+These three options are equivalent; multiple forms are supported for
+compatibility with other linkers.  Use any of them to make \c
+.B ld
+assign space to common symbols even if a relocatable output file is
+specified (\c
+.B \-r\c
+\&).  The script command
+\c
+.B FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION\c
+\& has the same effect.
+
+.TP
+.BI "-defsym " "symbol" "\fR = \fP" expression
+Create a global symbol in the output file, containing the absolute
+address given by \c
+.I expression\c
+\&.  You may use this option as many
+times as necessary to define multiple symbols in the command line.  A
+limited form of arithmetic is supported for the \c
+.I expression\c
+\& in this
+context: you may give a hexadecimal constant or the name of an existing
+symbol, or use \c
+.B +\c
+\& and \c
+.B \-\c
+\& to add or subtract hexadecimal
+constants or symbols.  If you need more elaborate expressions, consider
+using the linker command language from a script.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-demangle
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-demangle
+These options control whether to demangle symbol names in error
+messages and other output.  When the linker is told to demangle, it
+tries to present symbol names in a readable fashion: it strips leading
+underscores if they are used by the object file format, and converts
+C++ mangled symbol names into user readable names.  The linker will
+demangle by default unless the environment variable
+.B COLLECT_NO_DEMANGLE
+is set.  These options may be used to override the default.
+
+.TP
+.BI "-e " "entry"\c
+\& 
+Use \c
+.I entry\c
+\& as the explicit symbol for beginning execution of your
+program, rather than the default entry point.  See the `\|\c
+.B ld\c
+\|' entry in `\|\c
+.B info\c
+\|' for a
+discussion of defaults and other ways of specifying the
+entry point.
+
+.TP
+.B \-embedded\-relocs
+This option is only meaningful when linking MIPS embedded PIC code,
+generated by the
+.B \-membedded\-pic
+option to the GNU compiler and assembler.  It causes the linker to
+create a table which may be used at runtime to relocate any data which
+was statically initialized to pointer values.  See the code in
+testsuite/ld-empic for details.
+
+.TP
+.B \-E
+.TP
+.B \-export\-dynamic
+When creating an ELF file, add all symbols to the dynamic symbol table.
+Normally, the dynamic symbol table contains only symbols which are used
+by a dynamic object.  This option is needed for some uses of
+.I dlopen.
+
+.TP
+.BI "-f " "name"
+.TP
+.BI "--auxiliary " "name"
+When creating an ELF shared object, set the internal DT_AUXILIARY field
+to the specified name.  This tells the dynamic linker that the symbol
+table of the shared object should be used as an auxiliary filter on the
+symbol table of the shared object
+.I name.
+
+.TP
+.BI "-F " "name"
+.TP
+.BI "--filter " "name"
+When creating an ELF shared object, set the internal DT_FILTER field to
+the specified name.  This tells the dynamic linker that the symbol table
+of the shared object should be used as a filter on the symbol table of
+the shared object
+.I name.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-format " "input\-format"
+Synonym for \c
+.B \-b\c
+\& \c
+.I input\-format\c
+\&.
+
+.TP
+.B \-g
+Accepted, but ignored; provided for compatibility with other tools.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-G " "size"\c
+Set the maximum size of objects to be optimized using the GP register
+to
+.I size
+under MIPS ECOFF.  Ignored for other object file formats.
+
+.TP
+.BI "-h " "name"
+.TP
+.BI "-soname " "name"
+When creating an ELF shared object, set the internal DT_SONAME field to
+the specified name.  When an executable is linked with a shared object
+which has a DT_SONAME field, then when the executable is run the dynamic
+linker will attempt to load the shared object specified by the DT_SONAME
+field rather than the using the file name given to the linker.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-help
+Print a summary of the command-line options on the standard output and exit.
+This option and
+.B \-\-version
+begin with two dashes instead of one
+for compatibility with other GNU programs.  The other options start with
+only one dash for compatibility with other linkers.
+
+.TP
+.B \-i
+Perform an incremental link (same as option \c
+.B \-r\c
+\&).
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-l" "ar"\c
+\& 
+Add an archive file \c
+.I ar\c
+\& to the list of files to link.  This 
+option may be used any number of times.  \c
+.B ld\c
+\& will search its
+path-list for occurrences of \c
+.B lib\c
+.I ar\c
+\&.a\c
+\& for every \c
+.I ar
+specified.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-L" "searchdir"
+This command adds path \c
+.I searchdir\c
+\& to the list of paths that
+\c
+.B ld\c
+\& will search for archive libraries.  You may use this option
+any number of times.
+
+The default set of paths searched (without being specified with
+\c
+.B \-L\c
+\&) depends on what emulation mode \c
+.B ld\c
+\& is using, and in
+some cases also on how it was configured.    The
+paths can also be specified in a link script with the \c
+.B SEARCH_DIR
+command.
+
+.TP
+.B \-M 
+Print (to the standard output file) a link map\(em\&diagnostic information
+about where symbols are mapped by \c
+.B ld\c
+\&, and information on global
+common storage allocation.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-Map " "mapfile"\c
+Print to the file
+.I mapfile
+a link map\(em\&diagnostic information
+about where symbols are mapped by \c
+.B ld\c
+\&, and information on global
+common storage allocation.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-m " "emulation"\c
+Emulate the
+.I emulation
+linker.  You can list the available emulations with the
+.I \-\-verbose
+or
+.I \-V
+options.  This option overrides the compiled-in default, which is the
+system for which you configured
+.BR ld .
+
+.TP
+.B \-N 
+specifies readable and writable \c
+.B text\c
+\& and \c
+.B data\c
+\& sections. If
+the output format supports Unix style magic numbers, the output is
+marked as \c
+.B OMAGIC\c
+\&.
+
+When you use the `\|\c
+.B \-N\c
+\&\|' option, the linker does not page-align the
+data segment.
+
+.TP
+.B \-n 
+sets the text segment to be read only, and \c
+.B NMAGIC\c
+\& is written
+if possible.
+
+.TP
+.B \-noinhibit\-exec
+Normally, the linker will not produce an output file if it encounters
+errors during the link process.  With this flag, you can specify that
+you wish the output file retained even after non-fatal errors.
+
+.TP
+.B \-no\-keep\-memory
+The linker normally optimizes for speed over memory usage by caching
+the symbol tables of input files in memory.  This option tells the
+linker to instead optimize for memory usage, by rereading the symbol
+tables as necessary.  This may be required if the linker runs out of
+memory space while linking a large executable.
+
+.TP
+.B \-no\-warn\-mismatch
+Normally the linker will give an error if you try to link together
+input files that are mismatched for some reason, perhaps because they
+have been compiled for different processors or for different
+endiannesses.  This option tells the linker that it should silently
+permit such possible errors.  This option should only be used with
+care, in cases when you have taken some special action that ensures
+that the linker errors are inappropriate.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-o " "output"
+.I output\c
+\& is a name for the program produced by \c
+.B ld\c
+\&; if this
+option is not specified, the name `\|\c
+.B a.out\c
+\|' is used by default.  The
+script command \c
+.B OUTPUT\c
+\& can also specify the output file name.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-O" "level"
+Generate optimized output files.  This might use significantly more
+time and therefore probably should be enabled only for generating the
+final binary.
+\c
+.I level\c
+\& is supposed to be a numeric value.  Any value greater than zero enables
+the optimizations.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-oformat " "output\-format"
+Specify the binary format for the output object file.
+You don't usually need to specify this, as
+\c
+.B ld\c
+\& is configured to produce as a default output format the most
+usual format on each machine.  \c
+.I output-format\c
+\& is a text string, the
+name of a particular format supported by the BFD libraries.  
+The script command
+.B OUTPUT_FORMAT
+can also specify the output format, but this option overrides it.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-R " "filename"
+Read symbol names and their addresses from \c
+.I filename\c
+\&, but do not
+relocate it or include it in the output.  This allows your output file
+to refer symbolically to absolute locations of memory defined in other
+programs.
+
+.TP
+.B \-relax
+An option with machine dependent effects.  Currently this option is only
+supported on the H8/300.
+
+On some platforms, use this option to perform global optimizations that
+become possible when the linker resolves addressing in your program, such
+as relaxing address modes and synthesizing new instructions in the
+output object file.  
+
+On platforms where this is not supported, `\|\c
+.B \-relax\c
+\&\|' is accepted, but has no effect.
+
+.TP
+.B \-r 
+Generates relocatable output\(em\&i.e., generate an output file that can in
+turn serve as input to \c
+.B ld\c
+\&.  This is often called \c
+.I partial
+linking\c
+\&.  As a side effect, in environments that support standard Unix
+magic numbers, this option also sets the output file's magic number to
+\c
+.B OMAGIC\c
+\&.
+If this option is not specified, an absolute file is produced.  When
+linking C++ programs, this option \c
+.I will not\c
+\& resolve references to
+constructors; \c
+.B \-Ur\c
+\& is an alternative. 
+
+This option does the same as \c
+.B \-i\c
+\&.
+
+.TP
+.B \-rpath\ \fIdirectory
+Add a directory to the runtime library search path.  This is used when
+linking an ELF executable with shared objects.  All 
+.B \-rpath
+arguments are concatenated and passed to the runtime linker, which uses
+them to locate shared objects at runtime.  The
+.B \-rpath
+option is also used when locating shared objects which are needed by
+shared objects explicitly included in the link; see the description of
+the
+.B \-rpath\-link
+option.  If
+.B \-rpath
+is not used when linking an ELF executable, the contents of the
+environment variable
+.B LD_RUN_PATH
+will be used if it is defined.
+
+The
+.B \-rpath
+option may also be used on SunOS.  By default, on SunOS, the linker
+will form a runtime search path out of all the
+.B \-L
+options it is given.  If a
+.B \-rpath
+option is used, the runtime search path will be formed exclusively
+using the
+.B \-rpath
+options, ignoring
+the
+.B \-L
+options.  This can be useful when using gcc, which adds many
+.B \-L
+options which may be on NFS mounted filesystems.
+
+.TP
+.B \-rpath\-link\ \fIdirectory
+When using ELF or SunOS, one shared library may require another.  This
+happens when an
+.B ld\ \-shared
+link includes a shared library as one of the input files.
+
+When the linker encounters such a dependency when doing a non-shared,
+non-relocateable link, it will automatically try to locate the required
+shared library and include it in the link, if it is not included
+explicitly.  In such a case, the
+.B \-rpath\-link
+option specifies the first set of directories to search.  The
+.B \-rpath\-link
+option may specify a sequence of directory names either by specifying
+a list of names separated by colons, or by appearing multiple times.
+
+If the required shared library is not found, the linker will issue a
+warning and continue with the link.
+
+.TP
+.B \-S 
+Omits debugger symbol information (but not all symbols) from the output file.
+
+.TP
+.B \-s 
+Omits all symbol information from the output file.
+
+.TP
+.B \-shared
+Create a shared library.  This is currently only supported on ELF and
+SunOS platforms (on SunOS it is not required, as the linker will
+automatically create a shared library when there are undefined symbols
+and the
+.B \-e
+option is not used).
+
+.TP
+.B \-sort\-common
+Normally, when
+.B ld
+places the global common symbols in the appropriate output sections,
+it sorts them by size.  First come all the one byte symbols, then all
+the two bytes, then all the four bytes, and then everything else.
+This is to prevent gaps between symbols due to
+alignment constraints.  This option disables that sorting.
+
+.TP
+.B \-split\-by\-reloc\ \fIcount
+Trys to creates extra sections in the output file so that no single
+output section in the file contains more than
+.I count
+relocations.
+This is useful when generating huge relocatable for downloading into
+certain real time kernels with the COFF object file format; since COFF
+cannot represent more than 65535 relocations in a single section.
+Note that this will fail to work with object file formats which do not
+support arbitrary sections.  The linker will not split up individual
+input sections for redistribution, so if a single input section
+contains more than
+.I count
+relocations one output section will contain that many relocations.
+
+.TP
+.B \-split\-by\-file
+Similar to
+.B \-split\-by\-reloc
+but creates a new output section for each input file.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-Tbss " "org"\c
+.TP
+.BI "\-Tdata " "org"\c
+.TP
+.BI "\-Ttext " "org"\c
+Use \c
+.I org\c
+\& as the starting address for\(em\&respectively\(em\&the
+\c
+.B bss\c
+\&, \c
+.B data\c
+\&, or the \c
+.B text\c
+\& segment of the output file.
+\c
+.I org\c
+\& must be a hexadecimal integer.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-T " "commandfile"
+Equivalent to \c
+.B \-c \c
+.I commandfile\c
+\&\c
+\&; supported for compatibility with
+other tools.  
+
+.TP
+.B \-t 
+Prints names of input files as \c
+.B ld\c
+\& processes them.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-u " "sym"
+Forces \c
+.I sym\c
+\& to be entered in the output file as an undefined symbol.
+This may, for example, trigger linking of additional modules from
+standard libraries.  \c
+.B \-u\c
+\& may be repeated with different option
+arguments to enter additional undefined symbols.
+
+.TP
+.B \-Ur 
+For anything other than C++ programs, this option is equivalent to
+\c
+.B \-r\c
+\&: it generates relocatable output\(em\&i.e., an output file that can in
+turn serve as input to \c
+.B ld\c
+\&.  When linking C++ programs, \c
+.B \-Ur
+.I will\c
+\& resolve references to constructors, unlike \c
+.B \-r\c
+\&.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-verbose
+Display the version number for \c
+.B ld
+and list the supported emulations.
+Display which input files can and can not be opened.
+
+.TP
+.B \-v, \-V
+Display the version number for \c
+.B ld\c
+\&.
+The
+.B \-V
+option also lists the supported emulations.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-version
+Display the version number for \c
+.B ld
+and exit.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-common
+Warn when a common symbol is combined with another common symbol or with
+a symbol definition.  Unix linkers allow this somewhat sloppy practice,
+but linkers on some other operating systems do not.  This option allows
+you to find potential problems from combining global symbols.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-constructors
+Warn if any global constructors are used.  This is only useful for a
+few object file formats.  For formats like COFF or ELF, the linker can
+not detect the use of global constructors.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-multiple\-gp
+Warn if the output file requires multiple global-pointer values.  This
+option is only meaningful for certain processors, such as the Alpha.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-once
+Only warn once for each undefined symbol, rather than once per module
+which refers to it.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-section\-align
+Warn if the address of an output section is changed because of
+alignment.  Typically, the alignment will be set by an input section.
+The address will only be changed if it not explicitly specified; that
+is, if the SECTIONS command does not specify a start address for the
+section.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-whole\-archive
+For each archive mentioned on the command line after the
+.B \-\-whole\-archive
+option, include every object file in the archive in the link, rather
+than searching the archive for the required object files.  This is
+normally used to turn an archive file into a shared library, forcing
+every object to be included in the resulting shared library.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-whole\-archive
+Turn off the effect of the
+.B \-\-whole\-archive
+option for archives which appear later on the command line.
+
+.TP
+.BI "--wrap " "symbol"
+Use a wrapper function for 
+.I symbol.
+Any undefined reference to
+.I symbol
+will be resolved to
+.BI "__wrap_" "symbol".
+Any undefined reference to
+.BI "__real_" "symbol"
+will be resolved to
+.I symbol.
+
+.TP
+.B \-X 
+Delete all temporary local symbols.  For most targets, this is all local
+symbols whose names begin with `\|\c
+.B L\c
+\|'.
+
+.TP
+.B \-x
+Delete all local symbols.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+\c
+You can change the behavior of
+.B ld\c
+\& with the environment variable \c
+.B GNUTARGET\c
+\&.
+
+\c
+.B GNUTARGET\c
+\& determines the input-file object format if you don't
+use \c
+.B \-b\c
+\& (or its synonym \c
+.B \-format\c
+\&).  Its value should be one
+of the BFD names for an input format.  If there is no
+\c
+.B GNUTARGET\c
+\& in the environment, \c
+.B ld\c
+\& uses the natural format
+of the host. If \c
+.B GNUTARGET\c
+\& is set to \c
+.B default\c
+\& then BFD attempts to discover the
+input format by examining binary input files; this method often
+succeeds, but there are potential ambiguities, since there is no method
+of ensuring that the magic number used to flag object-file formats is
+unique.  However, the configuration procedure for BFD on each system
+places the conventional format for that system first in the search-list,
+so ambiguities are resolved in favor of convention.
+
+.PP
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+
+.BR objdump ( 1 )
+.br
+.br
+.RB "`\|" ld "\|' and `\|" binutils "\|'"
+entries in
+.B info\c
+.br
+.I 
+ld: the GNU linker\c
+, Steve Chamberlain and Roland Pesch;
+.I
+The GNU Binary Utilities\c
+, Roland H. Pesch.
+
+.SH COPYING
+Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.PP
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
+this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
+are preserved on all copies.
+.PP
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+.PP
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
+manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
+versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
+translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
+the original English.