PR ld/21375: MIPS: Fix non-zero run-time value for undefined weaks

We have an issue in the MIPS backend, with the handling of undefined
hidden and internal weak symbols.  References to such symbols are
supposed to resolve to 0 according to the ELF gABI[1]:

"Unresolved weak symbols have a zero value."

and the 64-bit MIPS psABI[2]:

"If a symbol with one of these [hidden or internal] attributes has no
definition within the executable/DSO being linked, then it must be
resolved to allocated space if common, resolved to zero if weak, or an
error reported otherwise."

however if a GOT relocation is used, then a local GOT entry is created
and used to satisfy the reference.  Such an entry is then (in DSO and
PIE binaries) subject to the usual load-time relocation, which means a
non-zero value will be returned if the base address is non-zero.  This
will defeat the usual run-time sequence like:

void a (void) __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"), weak));

void
x (void)
{
  if (a)
    a ();
}

This can be reproduced with this simple code:

$ cat libtest.c
extern int a __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"), weak));

int *
x (void)
{
  return &a;
}
$ cat test.c

int *x (void);

int
main (void)
{
  printf ("a: %p\n", x ());

  return 0;
}
$ gcc -shared -fPIC -o libtest.so libtest.c
$ gcc -o test test.c -Wl,-rpath,$(pwd) libtest.so
$ ./test
a: 0x77184000
$

The usual approach targets take is making all the steps required to
assign a GOT entry for the symbol referred, and then leave its contents
at zero with no dynamic relocation attached, therefore ensuring that the
value does not change at load time.  However this is not going to work
with the implicitly relocated GOT the MIPS psABI specifies[3]:

"The dynamic linker relocates the global offset table by first adding
the difference between the base where the shared object is loaded and
the value of the dynamic tag DT_MIPS_BASE_ADDRESS to all local global
offset table entries."

and we cannot therefore use the local GOT part.

And we cannot offhand use the global part either, as the symbol would
then have to be exported and possibly wrongly preempt symbols in other
modules involved in the dynamic load, because as per the ELF gABI[1] we
are not allowed to enter a hidden or internal symbol into the dynamic
symbol table (and then use its associated GOT entry):

"A hidden symbol contained in a relocatable object must be either
removed or converted to STB_LOCAL binding by the link-editor when the
relocatable object is included in an executable file or shared object."

and:

"An internal symbol contained in a relocatable object must be either
removed or converted to STB_LOCAL binding by the link-editor when the
relocatable object is included in an executable file or shared object."

So we have to choose something else.

Our choice is further limited by the need for the reference associated
with the GOT relocation to stay within the signed 16-bit limit from the
GOT pointer base register, while being compliant with the ELF gABI and
the MIPS psABI.  However as Alan Modra has observed[4] one possibility
is to edit (relax) the code such that the GOT reference is removed
altogether.

Based on these observations then modify MIPS BFD linker backend code to:

1. Interpret code associated with GOT relocations and relax the usual LW
   or LD instructions into a corresponding immediate load operation that
   places the value of 0 in the intended register, while leaving the GOT
   entry allocated and initialized as usually.

2. Leave any other instructions associated with GOT relocations in place
   and instead redirect the reference to a global GOT entry associated
   with a special `__gnu_absolute_zero' symbol created for this purpose,
   whose value is 0, SHN_ABS section marks it absolute, binding is
   global and export class protected, ensuring that the locally provided
   value is always used at load time, and that the value is not
   relocated by the dynamic loader.

3. Adjust any high-part GOT relocation used, typically associated with
   a LUI instruction, accordingly, so that run-time consistency is
   maintained, either by resolving to the original entry if the
   instruction associated with the corresponding low-part GOT relocation
   has been relaxed to an immediate load (in which case the value loaded
   with LUI will be overwritten), or by also redirecting the reference
   to `__gnu_absolute_zero' to complete the GOT access sequence if that
   symbol has been used.

4. Add a target `elf_backend_hide_symbol' hook, for the three MIPS ABIs,
   which prevents the `__gnu_absolute_zero' symbol from being forced
   local, to ensure that the redirection works and the symbol remains
   global/protected with existing linker scripts unchanged.

5. Observing the issue with handling SHN_ABS symbols in the GNU dynamic
   loader, covered by glibc PR 19818, set the EI_ABIVERSION field in the
   ELF file header produced to 4 (ABI_ABSOLUTE) if `__gnu_absolute_zero'
   symbol has been produced and the target configured indicates the GNU
   operating system, so that broken versions of the GNU dynamic loader
   gracefully reject the file in loading rather than going astray.  Keep
   EI_ABIVERSION at the original value for other operating systems or if
   no `__gnu_absolute_zero' symbol has been made.

The name of the special `__gnu_absolute_zero' has no meaning other than
how a human reader can interpret it, as it is ignored in dynamic loading
in the handling of the scenarios concerned.  This is because the symbol
resolves locally, and it's only the symbol's attributes that matter so
that the associated GOT entry remains unchanged at load time.

Therefore the name is somewhat arbitrary, observing however the need to
use the name space reserved for the system so that it does not conflict
with a possible user symbol, and hence the leading underscore, and also
the `gnu' infix to denote a GNU feature.  Other implementations wishing
to address the problem in a similar way may choose a different name and
have the solution still work, possibly with a mixture of modules used in
a dynamic having symbols of different names provided, which will however
not interact with each other due to the protected export class.

The symbol can be referred explicitly, however the name is an internal
implementation detail rather than a part of the ABI, and therefore no
specific semantics is guaranteed.

One limitation of this change is that if `__gnu_absolute_zero' has been
already defined, then we do not wipe the old definition and all kinds of
odd behavior can result.  This is however like with other symbols we
internally define, such as `_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_' or `__rld_map', and
therefore left as a possible future enhancement.

As an optimization the relaxation of LW and LD instructions to a load of
immediate zero is always made, even SVR4 PIC code for code that will end
up in a regular (non-PIE) executable, because there is a cache advantage
with the avoidance of a load from the GOT, even if it is otherwise
guaranteed to remain zero.  It does not reliably happen though, due to a
symbol exportation issue affecting executables, covered by PR ld/21805.

One existing test case needs to be updated, as it triggers relaxation
introduced with this change and consequently linker output does not
match expectations anymore.  As we want to keep the original issue
covered with the test case modify it then to use the LWL instruction in
place of LW, and adjust the output expected accordingly.

References:

[1] "System V Application Binary Interface - DRAFT - 19 October 2010",
    The SCO Group, Section "Symbol Table",
    <http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/2012-12-31/ch4.symtab.html>

[2] "64-bit ELF Object File Specification, Draft Version 2.5", MIPS
    Technologies / Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Order Number
    007-4658-001, Section 2.5 "Symbol Table", p. 22,
    <http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/manuals/4000/007-4658-001/pdf/007-4658-001.pdf>

[3] "SYSTEM V APPLICATION BINARY INTERFACE, MIPS RISC Processor
    Supplement, 3rd Edition", Section "Global Offset Table", p. 5-10,
    <http://www.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/doc/ABI/mipsabi.pdf>

[4] "Undo dynamic symbol state after regular object sym type mismatch",
    <https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2017-07/msg00265.html>

	bfd/
	PR ld/21375
	* elfxx-mips.h (_bfd_mips_elf_hide_symbol): New prototype.
	(_bfd_mips_elf_linker_flags): Update prototype.
	* elf32-mips.c (elf_backend_hide_symbol): New macro.
	* elf64-mips.c (elf_backend_hide_symbol): Likewise.
	* elfn32-mips.c (elf_backend_hide_symbol): Likewise.
	* elfxx-mips.c (mips_elf_link_hash_table): Add
	`use_absolute_zero' and `gnu_target' members.
	(mips_elf_record_global_got_symbol): Call
	`_bfd_mips_elf_hide_symbol' rather than
	`_bfd_elf_link_hash_hide_symbol'.
	(mips_use_local_got_p): Return FALSE if the symbol is absolute.
	(mips_elf_obtain_contents): Reorder function.
	(mips_elf_nullify_got_load): New function.
	(mips_elf_calculate_relocation): Add `contents' parameter.
	Nullify GOT loads or if it is not possible, then redirect GOT
	relocations to the `__gnu_absolute_zero' symbol, for references
	that are supposed to resolve to zero.
	(mips_elf_define_absolute_zero): New function.
	(_bfd_mips_elf_check_relocs): Prepare for arrangements made in
	`mips_elf_calculate_relocation' for references made via the GOT
	that are supposed to resolve to zero.
	(_bfd_mips_elf_hide_symbol): New function.
	(_bfd_mips_elf_linker_flags): Add the `gnu_target' parameter,
	set the `gnu_target' member of the MIPS hash table.
	(MIPS_LIBC_ABI_ABSOLUTE): New enumeration constant.
	(_bfd_mips_post_process_headers): Use it.

	ld/
	PR ld/21375
	* emultempl/mipself.em: Set `gnu_target' according to ${target}.
	(mips_create_output_section_statements): Update call to
	`_bfd_mips_elf_linker_flags'.
	* testsuite/ld-mips-elf/pr21334.s: Use LWL rather than LW.
	* testsuite/ld-mips-elf/pr21334.dd: Update accordingly.

1 files changed, 30 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/bfd/ChangeLog b/bfd/ChangeLog
index 776426f..70de004 100644
--- a/bfd/ChangeLog
+++ b/bfd/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,35 @@
 2018-09-14  Maciej W. Rozycki  <macro@mips.com>
 
+	PR ld/21375
+	* elfxx-mips.h (_bfd_mips_elf_hide_symbol): New prototype.
+	(_bfd_mips_elf_linker_flags): Update prototype.
+	* elf32-mips.c (elf_backend_hide_symbol): New macro.
+	* elf64-mips.c (elf_backend_hide_symbol): Likewise.
+	* elfn32-mips.c (elf_backend_hide_symbol): Likewise.
+	* elfxx-mips.c (mips_elf_link_hash_table): Add
+	`use_absolute_zero' and `gnu_target' members.
+	(mips_elf_record_global_got_symbol): Call
+	`_bfd_mips_elf_hide_symbol' rather than
+	`_bfd_elf_link_hash_hide_symbol'.
+	(mips_use_local_got_p): Return FALSE if the symbol is absolute.
+	(mips_elf_obtain_contents): Reorder function.
+	(mips_elf_nullify_got_load): New function.
+	(mips_elf_calculate_relocation): Add `contents' parameter.
+	Nullify GOT loads or if it is not possible, then redirect GOT
+	relocations to the `__gnu_absolute_zero' symbol, for references
+	that are supposed to resolve to zero.
+	(mips_elf_define_absolute_zero): New function.
+	(_bfd_mips_elf_check_relocs): Prepare for arrangements made in
+	`mips_elf_calculate_relocation' for references made via the GOT
+	that are supposed to resolve to zero.
+	(_bfd_mips_elf_hide_symbol): New function.
+	(_bfd_mips_elf_linker_flags): Add the `gnu_target' parameter,
+	set the `gnu_target' member of the MIPS hash table.
+	(MIPS_LIBC_ABI_ABSOLUTE): New enumeration constant.
+	(_bfd_mips_post_process_headers): Use it.
+
+2018-09-14  Maciej W. Rozycki  <macro@mips.com>
+
 	* elfxx-mips.c (mips_elf_store_contents): New function...
 	(mips_elf_perform_relocation): ... factored out from here.