1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
|
/* Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GCC.
GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
any later version.
GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/* This file is part of the vtable security feature implementation.
The vtable security feature is designed to detect when a virtual
call is about to be made through an invalid vtable pointer
(possibly due to data corruption or malicious attacks).
This file also contains the failure functions that get called when
a vtable pointer is not found in the data set. Two particularly
important functions are __vtv_verify_fail and __vtv_really_fail.
They are both externally visible. __vtv_verify_fail is defined in
such a way that it can be replaced by a programmer, if desired. It
is the function that __VLTVerifyVtablePointer calls if it can't
find the pointer in the data set. Allowing the programmer to
overwrite this function means that he/she can do some alternate
verification, including NOT failing in certain specific cases, if
desired. This may be the case if the programmer has to deal wtih
unverified third party software, for example. __vtv_really_fail is
available for the programmer to call from his version of
__vtv_verify_fail, if he decides the failure is real.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#if !defined (__CYGWIN__) && !defined (__MINGW32__)
#include <execinfo.h>
#endif
#include <unistd.h>
#include "vtv_utils.h"
#include "vtv_fail.h"
/* This is used to disable aborts for debugging purposes. */
bool vtv_no_abort = false;
extern "C" {
/* __fortify_fail is a function in glibc that calls __libc_message,
causing it to print out a program termination error message
(including the name of the binary being terminated), a stack
trace where the error occurred, and a memory map dump. Ideally
we would have called __libc_message directly, but that function
does not appear to be accessible to functions outside glibc,
whereas __fortify_fail is. We call __fortify_fail from
__vtv_really_fail. We looked at calling __libc_fatal, which is
externally accessible, but it does not do the back trace and
memory dump. */
extern void __fortify_fail (const char *) __attribute__((noreturn));
} /* extern "C" */
const unsigned long SET_HANDLE_HANDLE_BIT = 0x2;
/* Instantiate the template classes (in vtv_set.h) for our particular
hash table needs. */
typedef void * vtv_set_handle;
typedef vtv_set_handle * vtv_set_handle_handle;
static int vtv_failures_log_fd = -1;
/* Open error logging file, if not already open, and write vtable
verification failure messages (LOG_MSG) to the log file. Also
generate a backtrace in the log file, if GENERATE_BACKTRACE is
set. */
static void
log_error_message (const char *log_msg, bool generate_backtrace)
{
if (vtv_failures_log_fd == -1)
vtv_failures_log_fd = vtv_open_log ("vtable_verification_failures.log");
if (vtv_failures_log_fd == -1)
return;
vtv_add_to_log (vtv_failures_log_fd, "%s", log_msg);
if (generate_backtrace)
{
#define STACK_DEPTH 20
void *callers[STACK_DEPTH];
#if !defined (__CYGWIN__) && !defined (__MINGW32__)
int actual_depth = backtrace (callers, STACK_DEPTH);
backtrace_symbols_fd (callers, actual_depth, vtv_failures_log_fd);
#endif
}
}
/* In the case where a vtable map variable is the only instance of the
variable we have seen, it points directly to the set of valid
vtable pointers. All subsequent instances of the 'same' vtable map
variable point to the first vtable map variable. This function,
given a vtable map variable PTR, checks a bit to see whether it's
pointing directly to the data set or to the first vtable map
variable. */
static inline bool
is_set_handle_handle (void * ptr)
{
return ((unsigned long) ptr & SET_HANDLE_HANDLE_BIT)
== SET_HANDLE_HANDLE_BIT;
}
/* Returns the actual pointer value of a vtable map variable, PTR (see
comments for is_set_handle_handle for more details). */
static inline vtv_set_handle *
ptr_from_set_handle_handle (void * ptr)
{
return (vtv_set_handle *) ((unsigned long) ptr & ~SET_HANDLE_HANDLE_BIT);
}
/* Given a vtable map variable, PTR, this function sets the bit that
says this is the second (or later) instance of a vtable map
variable. */
static inline vtv_set_handle_handle
set_handle_handle (vtv_set_handle * ptr)
{
return (vtv_set_handle_handle) ((unsigned long) ptr | SET_HANDLE_HANDLE_BIT);
}
/* This function is called from __VLTVerifyVtablePointerDebug; it
sends as much debugging information as it can to the error log
file, then calls __vtv_verify_fail. SET_HANDLE_PTR is the pointer
to the set of valid vtable pointers, VTBL_PTR is the pointer that
was not found in the set, and DEBUG_MSG is the message to be
written to the log file before failing. n */
void
__vtv_verify_fail_debug (void **set_handle_ptr, const void *vtbl_ptr,
const char *debug_msg)
{
log_error_message (debug_msg, false);
/* Call the public interface in case it has been overwritten by
user. */
__vtv_verify_fail (set_handle_ptr, vtbl_ptr);
log_error_message ("Returned from __vtv_verify_fail."
" Secondary verification succeeded.\n", false);
}
/* This function calls __fortify_fail with a FAILURE_MSG and then
calls abort. */
void
__vtv_really_fail (const char *failure_msg)
{
__fortify_fail (failure_msg);
/* We should never get this far; __fortify_fail calls __libc_message
which prints out a back trace and a memory dump and then is
supposed to call abort, but let's play it safe anyway and call abort
ourselves. */
abort ();
}
/* This function takes an error MSG, a vtable map variable
(DATA_SET_PTR) and a vtable pointer (VTBL_PTR). It is called when
an attempt to verify VTBL_PTR with the set pointed to by
DATA_SET_PTR failed. It outputs a failure message with the
addresses involved, and calls __vtv_really_fail. */
static void
vtv_fail (const char *msg, void **data_set_ptr, const void *vtbl_ptr)
{
char buffer[128];
int buf_len;
const char *format_str =
"*** Unable to verify vtable pointer (%p) in set (%p) *** \n";
snprintf (buffer, sizeof (buffer), format_str, vtbl_ptr,
is_set_handle_handle(*data_set_ptr) ?
ptr_from_set_handle_handle (*data_set_ptr) :
*data_set_ptr);
buf_len = strlen (buffer);
/* Send this to to stderr. */
write (2, buffer, buf_len);
if (!vtv_no_abort)
__vtv_really_fail (msg);
}
/* Send information about what we were trying to do when verification
failed to the error log, then call vtv_fail. This function can be
overwritten/replaced by the user, to implement a secondary
verification function instead. DATA_SET_PTR is the vtable map
variable used for the failed verification, and VTBL_PTR is the
vtable pointer that was not found in the set. */
void
__vtv_verify_fail (void **data_set_ptr, const void *vtbl_ptr)
{
char log_msg[256];
snprintf (log_msg, sizeof (log_msg), "Looking for vtable %p in set %p.\n",
vtbl_ptr,
is_set_handle_handle (*data_set_ptr) ?
ptr_from_set_handle_handle (*data_set_ptr) :
*data_set_ptr);
log_error_message (log_msg, false);
const char *format_str =
"*** Unable to verify vtable pointer (%p) in set (%p) *** \n";
snprintf (log_msg, sizeof (log_msg), format_str, vtbl_ptr, *data_set_ptr);
log_error_message (log_msg, false);
log_error_message (" Backtrace: \n", true);
const char *fail_msg = "Potential vtable pointer corruption detected!!\n";
vtv_fail (fail_msg, data_set_ptr, vtbl_ptr);
}
|
