path: root/gcc/fortran/trans-common.c

/* Common block and equivalence list handling
   Copyright (C) 2000, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Canqun Yang <canqun@nudt.edu.cn>

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA.  */     

/* The core algorithm is based on Andy Vaught's g95 tree.  Also the
   way to build UNION_TYPE is borrowed from Richard Henderson.
 
   Transform common blocks.  An integral part of this is processing
   equvalence variables.  Equivalenced variables that are not in a
   common block end up in a private block of their own.

   Each common block or local equivalence list is declared as a union.
   Variables within the block are represented as a field within the
   block with the proper offset. 
 
   So if two variables are equivalenced, they just point to a common
   area in memory.
 
   Mathematically, laying out an equivalence block is equivalent to
   solving a linear system of equations.  The matrix is usually a
   sparse matrix in which each row contains all zero elements except
   for a +1 and a -1, a sort of a generalized Vandermonde matrix.  The
   matrix is usually block diagonal.  The system can be
   overdetermined, underdetermined or have a unique solution.  If the
   system is inconsistent, the program is not standard conforming.
   The solution vector is integral, since all of the pivots are +1 or -1.
 
   How we lay out an equivalence block is a little less complicated.
   In an equivalence list with n elements, there are n-1 conditions to
   be satisfied.  The conditions partition the variables into what we
   will call segments.  If A and B are equivalenced then A and B are
   in the same segment.  If B and C are equivalenced as well, then A,
   B and C are in a segment and so on.  Each segment is a block of
   memory that has one or more variables equivalenced in some way.  A
   common block is made up of a series of segments that are joined one
   after the other.  In the linear system, a segment is a block
   diagonal.
 
   To lay out a segment we first start with some variable and
   determine its length.  The first variable is assumed to start at
   offset one and extends to however long it is.  We then traverse the
   list of equivalences to find an unused condition that involves at
   least one of the variables currently in the segment.
 
   Each equivalence condition amounts to the condition B+b=C+c where B
   and C are the offsets of the B and C variables, and b and c are
   constants which are nonzero for array elements, substrings or
   structure components.  So for
 
     EQUIVALENCE(B(2), C(3))
   we have
     B + 2*size of B's elements = C + 3*size of C's elements.
 
   If B and C are known we check to see if the condition already
   holds.  If B is known we can solve for C.  Since we know the length
   of C, we can see if the minimum and maximum extents of the segment
   are affected.  Eventually, we make a full pass through the
   equivalence list without finding any new conditions and the segment
   is fully specified.
 
   At this point, the segment is added to the current common block.
   Since we know the minimum extent of the segment, everything in the
   segment is translated to its position in the common block.  The
   usual case here is that there are no equivalence statements and the
   common block is series of segments with one variable each, which is
   a diagonal matrix in the matrix formulation.
 
   Each segment is described by a chain of segment_info structures.  Each
   segment_info structure describes the extents of a single varible within
   the segment.  This list is maintained in the order the elements are
   positioned withing the segment.  If two elements have the same starting
   offset the smaller will come first.  If they also have the same size their
   ordering is undefined. 
   
   Once all common blocks have been created, the list of equivalences
   is examined for still-unused equivalence conditions.  We create a
   block for each merged equivalence list.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "gfortran.h"
#include "trans.h"
#include "trans-types.h"
#include "trans-const.h"
#include <assert.h>


/* Holds a single variable in a equivalence set.  */
typedef struct segment_info
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  HOST_WIDE_INT offset;
  HOST_WIDE_INT length;
  /* This will contain the field type until the field is created.  */
  tree field;
  struct segment_info *next;
} segment_info;

static segment_info *current_segment, *current_common;
static HOST_WIDE_INT current_offset;
static gfc_namespace *gfc_common_ns = NULL;

#define BLANK_COMMON_NAME "__BLNK__"

/* Make a segment_info based on a symbol.  */

static segment_info *
get_segment_info (gfc_symbol * sym, HOST_WIDE_INT offset)
{
  segment_info *s;

  /* Make sure we've got the character length.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
    gfc_conv_const_charlen (sym->ts.cl);

  /* Create the segment_info and fill it in.  */
  s = (segment_info *) gfc_getmem (sizeof (segment_info));
  s->sym = sym;
  /* We will use this type when building the segment aggreagate type.  */
  s->field = gfc_sym_type (sym);
  s->length = int_size_in_bytes (s->field);
  s->offset = offset;

  return s;
}

/* Add combine segment V and segment LIST.  */

static segment_info *
add_segments (segment_info *list, segment_info *v)
{
  segment_info *s;
  segment_info *p;
  segment_info *next;

  p = NULL;
  s = list;

  while (v)
    {
      /* Find the location of the new element.  */
      while (s)
	{
	  if (v->offset < s->offset)
	    break;
	  if (v->offset == s->offset
	      && v->length <= s->length)
	    break;

	  p = s;
	  s = s->next;
	}

      /* Insert the new element in between p and s.  */
      next = v->next;
      v->next = s;
      if (p == NULL)
	list = v;
      else
	p->next = v;

      p = v;
      v = next;
    }

  return list;
}

/* Construct mangled common block name from symbol name.  */

static tree
gfc_sym_mangled_common_id (const char  *name)
{
  int has_underscore;
  char mangled_name[GFC_MAX_MANGLED_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];

  if (strcmp (name, BLANK_COMMON_NAME) == 0)
    return get_identifier (name);

  if (gfc_option.flag_underscoring)
    {
      has_underscore = strchr (name, '_') != 0;
      if (gfc_option.flag_second_underscore && has_underscore)
        snprintf (mangled_name, sizeof mangled_name, "%s__", name);
      else
        snprintf (mangled_name, sizeof mangled_name, "%s_", name);

      return get_identifier (mangled_name);
    }
  else
    return get_identifier (name);
}


/* Build a field declaration for a common variable or a local equivalence
   object.  */

static void
build_field (segment_info *h, tree union_type, record_layout_info rli)
{
  tree field;
  tree name;
  HOST_WIDE_INT offset = h->offset;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT desired_align, known_align;

  name = get_identifier (h->sym->name);
  field = build_decl (FIELD_DECL, name, h->field);
  known_align = (offset & -offset) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
  if (known_align == 0 || known_align > BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT)
    known_align = BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT;

  desired_align = update_alignment_for_field (rli, field, known_align);
  if (desired_align > known_align)
    DECL_PACKED (field) = 1;

  DECL_FIELD_CONTEXT (field) = union_type;
  DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field) = size_int (offset);
  DECL_FIELD_BIT_OFFSET (field) = bitsize_zero_node;
  SET_DECL_OFFSET_ALIGN (field, known_align);

  rli->offset = size_binop (MAX_EXPR, rli->offset,
                            size_binop (PLUS_EXPR,
                                        DECL_FIELD_OFFSET (field),
                                        DECL_SIZE_UNIT (field)));
  h->field = field;
}


/* Get storage for local equivalence.  */

static tree
build_equiv_decl (tree union_type, bool is_init)
{
  tree decl;

  if (is_init)
    {
      decl = gfc_create_var (union_type, "equiv");
      TREE_STATIC (decl) = 1;
      return decl;
    }

  decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, NULL, union_type);
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;

  DECL_COMMON (decl) = 1;

  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (decl) = 1;
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  gfc_add_decl_to_function (decl);

  return decl;
}


/* Get storage for common block.  */

static tree
build_common_decl (gfc_common_head *com, tree union_type, bool is_init)
{
  gfc_symbol *common_sym;
  tree decl;

  /* Create a namespace to store symbols for common blocks.  */
  if (gfc_common_ns == NULL)
    gfc_common_ns = gfc_get_namespace (NULL);

  gfc_get_symbol (com->name, gfc_common_ns, &common_sym);
  decl = common_sym->backend_decl;

  /* Update the size of this common block as needed.  */
  if (decl != NULL_TREE)
    {
      tree size = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (union_type);
      if (tree_int_cst_lt (DECL_SIZE_UNIT (decl), size))
        {
          /* Named common blocks of the same name shall be of the same size
             in all scoping units of a program in which they appear, but
             blank common blocks may be of different sizes.  */
          if (strcmp (com->name, BLANK_COMMON_NAME))
	    gfc_warning ("Named COMMON block '%s' at %L shall be of the "
			 "same size", com->name, &com->where);
          DECL_SIZE_UNIT (decl) = size;
        }
     }

  /* If this common block has been declared in a previous program unit,
     and either it is already initialized or there is no new initialization
     for it, just return.  */
  if ((decl != NULL_TREE) && (!is_init || DECL_INITIAL (decl)))
    return decl;

  /* If there is no backend_decl for the common block, build it.  */
  if (decl == NULL_TREE)
    {
      decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, get_identifier (com->name), union_type);
      SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl, gfc_sym_mangled_common_id (com->name));
      TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
      TREE_STATIC (decl) = 1;
      DECL_ALIGN (decl) = BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT;
      DECL_USER_ALIGN (decl) = 0;

      /* Place the back end declaration for this common block in
         GLOBAL_BINDING_LEVEL.  */
      common_sym->backend_decl = pushdecl_top_level (decl);
    }

  /* Has no initial values.  */
  if (!is_init)
    {
      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = NULL_TREE;
      DECL_COMMON (decl) = 1;
      DECL_DEFER_OUTPUT (decl) = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
      DECL_COMMON (decl) = 0;
      DECL_DEFER_OUTPUT (decl) = 0;
    }
  return decl;
}


/* Declare memory for the common block or local equivalence, and create
   backend declarations for all of the elements.  */

static void
create_common (gfc_common_head *com)
{
  segment_info *s, *next_s;
  tree union_type;
  tree *field_link;
  record_layout_info rli;
  tree decl;
  bool is_init = false;

  /* Declare the variables inside the common block.  */
  union_type = make_node (UNION_TYPE);
  rli = start_record_layout (union_type);
  field_link = &TYPE_FIELDS (union_type);

  for (s = current_common; s; s = s->next)
    {
      build_field (s, union_type, rli);

      /* Link the field into the type.  */
      *field_link = s->field;
      field_link = &TREE_CHAIN (s->field);

      /* Has initial value.  */
      if (s->sym->value)
        is_init = true;
    }
  finish_record_layout (rli, true);

  if (com)
    decl = build_common_decl (com, union_type, is_init);
  else
    decl = build_equiv_decl (union_type, is_init);

  if (is_init)
    {
      tree list, ctor, tmp;
      HOST_WIDE_INT offset = 0;

      list = NULL_TREE;
      for (s = current_common; s; s = s->next)
        {
          if (s->sym->value)
            {
              if (s->offset < offset)
                {
		    /* We have overlapping initializers.  It could either be
		       partially initilalized arrays (legal), or the user
		       specified multiple initial values (illegal).
		       We don't implement this yet, so bail out.  */
                  gfc_todo_error ("Initialization of overlapping variables");
                }
	      /* Add the initializer for this field.  */
	      tmp = gfc_conv_initializer (s->sym->value, &s->sym->ts,
		  TREE_TYPE (s->field), s->sym->attr.dimension,
		  s->sym->attr.pointer || s->sym->attr.allocatable);
	      list = tree_cons (s->field, tmp, list);
              offset = s->offset + s->length;
            }
        }
      assert (list);
      ctor = build1 (CONSTRUCTOR, union_type, nreverse(list));
      TREE_CONSTANT (ctor) = 1;
      TREE_INVARIANT (ctor) = 1;
      TREE_STATIC (ctor) = 1;
      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = ctor;

#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
      for (tmp = CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (ctor); tmp; tmp = TREE_CHAIN (tmp))
	assert (TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (tmp)) == FIELD_DECL);
#endif
    }

  /* Build component reference for each variable.  */
  for (s = current_common; s; s = next_s)
    {
      s->sym->backend_decl = build (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (s->field),
                                    decl, s->field, NULL_TREE);

      next_s = s->next;
      gfc_free (s);
    }
}


/* Given a symbol, find it in the current segment list. Returns NULL if
   not found.  */

static segment_info *
find_segment_info (gfc_symbol *symbol)
{
  segment_info *n;

  for (n = current_segment; n; n = n->next)
    {
      if (n->sym == symbol)
	return n;
    }

  return NULL;
}


/* Given an expression node, make sure it is a constant integer and return
   the mpz_t value.  */

static mpz_t *
get_mpz (gfc_expr *e)
{

  if (e->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    gfc_internal_error ("get_mpz(): Not an integer constant");

  return &e->value.integer;
}


/* Given an array specification and an array reference, figure out the
   array element number (zero based). Bounds and elements are guaranteed
   to be constants.  If something goes wrong we generate an error and
   return zero.  */
 
static HOST_WIDE_INT
element_number (gfc_array_ref *ar)
{
  mpz_t multiplier, offset, extent, n;
  gfc_array_spec *as;
  HOST_WIDE_INT i, rank;

  as = ar->as;
  rank = as->rank;
  mpz_init_set_ui (multiplier, 1);
  mpz_init_set_ui (offset, 0);
  mpz_init (extent);
  mpz_init (n);

  for (i = 0; i < rank; i++)
    { 
      if (ar->dimen_type[i] != DIMEN_ELEMENT)
        gfc_internal_error ("element_number(): Bad dimension type");

      mpz_sub (n, *get_mpz (ar->start[i]), *get_mpz (as->lower[i]));
 
      mpz_mul (n, n, multiplier);
      mpz_add (offset, offset, n);
 
      mpz_sub (extent, *get_mpz (as->upper[i]), *get_mpz (as->lower[i]));
      mpz_add_ui (extent, extent, 1);
 
      if (mpz_sgn (extent) < 0)
        mpz_set_ui (extent, 0);
 
      mpz_mul (multiplier, multiplier, extent);
    } 
 
  i = mpz_get_ui (offset);
 
  mpz_clear (multiplier);
  mpz_clear (offset);
  mpz_clear (extent);
  mpz_clear (n);
 
  return i;
}


/* Given a single element of an equivalence list, figure out the offset
   from the base symbol.  For simple variables or full arrays, this is
   simply zero.  For an array element we have to calculate the array
   element number and multiply by the element size. For a substring we
   have to calculate the further reference.  */

static HOST_WIDE_INT
calculate_offset (gfc_expr *e)
{
  HOST_WIDE_INT n, element_size, offset;
  gfc_typespec *element_type;
  gfc_ref *reference;

  offset = 0;
  element_type = &e->symtree->n.sym->ts;

  for (reference = e->ref; reference; reference = reference->next)
    switch (reference->type)
      {
      case REF_ARRAY:
        switch (reference->u.ar.type)
          {
          case AR_FULL:
	    break;

          case AR_ELEMENT:
	    n = element_number (&reference->u.ar);
	    if (element_type->type == BT_CHARACTER)
	      gfc_conv_const_charlen (element_type->cl);
	    element_size =
              int_size_in_bytes (gfc_typenode_for_spec (element_type));
	    offset += n * element_size;
	    break;

          default:
	    gfc_error ("Bad array reference at %L", &e->where);
          }
        break;
      case REF_SUBSTRING:
        if (reference->u.ss.start != NULL)
	  offset += mpz_get_ui (*get_mpz (reference->u.ss.start)) - 1;
        break;
      default:
        gfc_error ("Illegal reference type at %L as EQUIVALENCE object",
                   &e->where);
    }
  return offset;
}


/* Add a new segment_info structure to the current segment.  eq1 is already
   in the list, eq2 is not.  */

static void
new_condition (segment_info *v, gfc_equiv *eq1, gfc_equiv *eq2)
{
  HOST_WIDE_INT offset1, offset2;
  segment_info *a;

  offset1 = calculate_offset (eq1->expr);
  offset2 = calculate_offset (eq2->expr);

  a = get_segment_info (eq2->expr->symtree->n.sym,
			v->offset + offset1 - offset2);
 
  current_segment = add_segments (current_segment, a);
}


/* Given two equivalence structures that are both already in the list, make
   sure that this new condition is not violated, generating an error if it
   is.  */

static void
confirm_condition (segment_info *s1, gfc_equiv *eq1, segment_info *s2,
                   gfc_equiv *eq2)
{
  HOST_WIDE_INT offset1, offset2;

  offset1 = calculate_offset (eq1->expr);
  offset2 = calculate_offset (eq2->expr);

  if (s1->offset + offset1 != s2->offset + offset2)
    gfc_error ("Inconsistent equivalence rules involving '%s' at %L and "
	       "'%s' at %L", s1->sym->name, &s1->sym->declared_at,
	       s2->sym->name, &s2->sym->declared_at);
}


/* Process a new equivalence condition. eq1 is know to be in segment f.
   If eq2 is also present then confirm that the condition holds.
   Otherwise add a new variable to the segment list.  */

static void
add_condition (segment_info *f, gfc_equiv *eq1, gfc_equiv *eq2)
{
  segment_info *n;

  n = find_segment_info (eq2->expr->symtree->n.sym);

  if (n == NULL)
    new_condition (f, eq1, eq2);
  else
    confirm_condition (f, eq1, n, eq2);
}


/* Given a segment element, search through the equivalence lists for unused
   conditions that involve the symbol.  Add these rules to the segment.  Only
   checks for rules involving the first symbol in the equivalence set.  */
 
static bool
find_equivalence (segment_info *n)
{
  gfc_equiv *e1, *e2, *eq, *other;
  bool found;
 
  found = FALSE;
  for (e1 = n->sym->ns->equiv; e1; e1 = e1->next)
    {
      other = NULL;
      for (e2 = e1->eq; e2; e2 = e2->eq)
	{
	  if (e2->used)
	    continue;

	  if (e1->expr->symtree->n.sym == n->sym)
	    {
	      eq = e1;
	      other = e2;
	    }
	  else if (e2->expr->symtree->n.sym == n->sym)
	    {
	      eq = e2;
	      other = e1;
	    }
	  else
	    eq = NULL;
	  
	  if (eq)
	    {
	      add_condition (n, eq, other);
	      eq->used = 1;
	      found = TRUE;
	      /* If this symbol is the first in the chain we may find other
		 matches. Otherwise we can skip to the next equivalence.  */
	      if (eq == e2)
		break;
	    }
	}
    }
  return found;
}


/* Add all symbols equivalenced within a segment.  We need to scan the
   segment list multiple times to include indirect equivalences.  */

static void
add_equivalences (void)
{
  segment_info *f;
  bool more;

  more = TRUE;
  while (more)
    {
      more = FALSE;
      for (f = current_segment; f; f = f->next)
	{
	  if (!f->sym->equiv_built)
	    {
	      f->sym->equiv_built = 1;
	      more = find_equivalence (f);
	    }
	}
    }
}


/* Given a seed symbol, create a new segment consisting of that symbol
   and all of the symbols equivalenced with that symbol.  */

static void
new_segment (gfc_common_head *common, gfc_symbol *sym)
{

  current_segment = get_segment_info (sym, current_offset);

  /* The offset of the next common variable.  */
  current_offset += current_segment->length;

  /* Add all object directly or indirectly equivalenced with this common
     variable.  */
  add_equivalences ();

  if (current_segment->offset < 0)
    gfc_error ("The equivalence set for '%s' cause an invalid "
	       "extension to COMMON '%s' at %L", sym->name,
	       common->name, &common->where);

  /* Add these to the common block.  */
  current_common = add_segments (current_common, current_segment);
}


/* Create a new block for each merged equivalence list.  */

static void
finish_equivalences (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_equiv *z, *y;
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  segment_info *v;
  HOST_WIDE_INT min_offset;

  for (z = ns->equiv; z; z = z->next)
    for (y = z->eq; y; y = y->eq)
      {
        if (y->used) 
	  continue;
        sym = z->expr->symtree->n.sym;
        current_segment = get_segment_info (sym, 0);

        /* All objects directly or indrectly equivalenced with this symbol.  */
        add_equivalences ();

        /* Calculate the minimal offset.  */
        min_offset = current_segment->offset;

        /* Adjust the offset of each equivalence object.  */
        for (v = current_segment; v; v = v->next)
	  v->offset -= min_offset;

        current_common = current_segment;
        create_common (NULL);
        break;
      }
}


/* Translate a single common block.  */

static void
translate_common (gfc_common_head *common, gfc_symbol *var_list)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;

  current_common = NULL;
  current_offset = 0;

  /* Add symbols to the segment.  */
  for (sym = var_list; sym; sym = sym->common_next)
    {
      if (! sym->equiv_built)
	new_segment (common, sym);
    }

  create_common (common);
}


/* Work function for translating a named common block.  */

static void
named_common (gfc_symtree *st)
{

  translate_common (st->n.common, st->n.common->head);
}


/* Translate the common blocks in a namespace. Unlike other variables,
   these have to be created before code, because the backend_decl depends
   on the rest of the common block.  */

void
gfc_trans_common (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_common_head *c;

  /* Translate the blank common block.  */
  if (ns->blank_common.head != NULL)
    {
      c = gfc_get_common_head ();
      strcpy (c->name, BLANK_COMMON_NAME);
      translate_common (c, ns->blank_common.head);
    }
 
  /* Translate all named common blocks.  */
  gfc_traverse_symtree (ns->common_root, named_common);

  /* Commit the newly created symbols for common blocks.  */
  gfc_commit_symbols ();

  /* Translate local equivalence.  */
  finish_equivalences (ns);
}