libstdc++: container erasure overloads (P2077) [PR117404]

Remaining to do:
 * Add new declarations in debug headers too.

Implement C++23 P2077R3 "Heterogeneous erasure overloads for
associative containers". Adds template overloads for members
erase and extract to address elements using an alternative key
type, such as string_view for a container of strings, without
need to construct an actual key object.

The new overloads enforce concept __heterogeneous_tree_key or
__heterogeneous_hash_key to verify the function objects provided
meet requirements, and that the key supplied is not an iterator
or the native key.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
	PR libstdc++/117404
	* include/bits/version.def (associative_heterogeneous_erasure):
	Define.
	* include/bits/version.h: Regenerate.
	* include/std/map: Request new feature from version.h.
	* include/std/set: Same.
	* include/std/unordered_map: Same.
	* include/std/unordered_set: Same.
	* include/bits/stl_map.h (extract, erase): Define overloads.
	* include/bits/stl_set.h: Same.
	* include/bits/stl_multimap.h: Same.
	* include/bits/stl_multiset.h: Same.
	* include/bits/unordered_map.h: Same, 2x.
	* include/bits/unordered_set.h: Same, 2x.
	* include/bits/stl_function.h (concepts __not_container_iterator,
	__heterogeneous_key): Define.
	* include/bits/hashtable.h (_M_find_before_node, _M_locate, extract):
	Delegate to more-general _tr version.
	(_M_find_before_node_tr, _M_locate_tr, _M_extract_tr, _M_erase_tr):
	Add new members to support a heterogeneous key argument.
	(_M_erase_some): Add new helper function.
	(concept __heterogeneous_hash_key): Define.
	* include/bits/stl_tree.h (_M_lower_bound_tr, _M_upper_bound_tr,
	_M_erase_tr, _M_extract_tr): Add new members to support a
	heterogeneous key argument.
	(concept __heterogeneous_tree_key): Define.
	* testsuite/23_containers/map/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc: New test.
	* testsuite/23_containers/multimap/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/multiset/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/set/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/unordered_map/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/unordered_multimap/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc:
	Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/unordered_multiset/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc:
	Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/unordered_set/modifiers/hetero/erase.cc: Same.

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