tree-sra: Avoid returns of references to SRA candidates

The enhancement to address PR 109849 contained an importsnt thinko,
and that any reference that is passed to a function and does not
escape, must also not happen to be aliased by the return value of the
function.  This has quickly transpired as bugs PR 112711 and PR
112721.

Just as IPA-modref does a good enough job to allow us to rely on the
escaped set of variables, it sems to be doing well also on updating
EAF_NOT_RETURNED_DIRECTLY call argument flag which happens to address
exactly the situation we need to avoid.  Of course, if a call
statement ignores any returned value, we also do not need to check the
flag.

Hopefully this does not pessimize things too much, I have verified
that the PR 109849 testcae remains quick and so should also the
benchmark it is derived from.

gcc/ChangeLog:

2023-11-27  Martin Jambor  <mjambor@suse.cz>

	PR tree-optimization/112711
	PR tree-optimization/112721
	* tree-sra.cc (build_access_from_call_arg): New parameter
	CAN_BE_RETURNED, disqualify any candidate passed by reference if it is
	true.  Adjust leading comment.
	(scan_function): Pass appropriate value to CAN_BE_RETURNED of
	build_access_from_call_arg.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

2023-11-29  Martin Jambor  <mjambor@suse.cz>

	PR tree-optimization/112711
	PR tree-optimization/112721
	* g++.dg/tree-ssa/pr112711.C: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr112721.c: Likewise.

3 files changed, 88 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/tree-ssa/pr112711.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/tree-ssa/pr112711.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13bc48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/tree-ssa/pr112711.C
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* { dg-do run { target i?86-*-* x86_64-*-* } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O1" } */
+
+typedef          int i32;
+typedef unsigned int u32;
+
+static inline void write_i32(void *memory, i32 value) {
+  // swap i32 bytes as if it was u32:
+  u32 u_value = value;
+  value = __builtin_bswap32(u_value);
+
+  // llvm infers '1' alignment from destination type
+  __builtin_memcpy(__builtin_assume_aligned(memory, 1), &value, sizeof(value));
+}
+
+__attribute__((noipa))
+static void bug (void) {
+  #define assert_eq(lhs, rhs) if (lhs != rhs) __builtin_trap()
+
+  unsigned char data[5];
+  write_i32(data, -1362446643);
+  assert_eq(data[0], 0xAE);
+  assert_eq(data[1], 0xCA);
+  write_i32(data + 1, -1362446643);
+  assert_eq(data[1], 0xAE);
+}
+
+int main() {
+    bug();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr112721.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr112721.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adf6261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr112721.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-O1" } */
+
+unsigned * volatile gv;
+
+struct a {
+  int b;
+};
+int c, e;
+long d;
+unsigned * __attribute__((noinline))
+f(unsigned *g) {
+  for (; c;)
+    e = d;
+  return gv ? gv : g;
+}
+int main() {
+  int *h;
+  struct a i = {8};
+  int *j = &i.b;
+  h = (unsigned *) f(j);
+  *h = 0;
+  if (i.b != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/tree-sra.cc b/gcc/tree-sra.cc
index 0349410..3bd0c7a 100644
--- a/gcc/tree-sra.cc
+++ b/gcc/tree-sra.cc
@@ -1268,18 +1268,27 @@ abnormal_edge_after_stmt_p (gimple *stmt, enum out_edge_check *oe_check)
 }
 
 /* Scan expression EXPR which is an argument of a call and create access
-   structures for all accesses to candidates for scalarization.  Return true if
-   any access has been inserted.  STMT must be the statement from which the
-   expression is taken.  */
+   structures for all accesses to candidates for scalarization.  Return true
+   if any access has been inserted.  STMT must be the statement from which the
+   expression is taken.  CAN_BE_RETURNED must be true if call argument flags
+   do not rule out that the argument is directly returned.  OE_CHECK is used
+   to remember result of a test for abnormal outgoing edges after this
+   statement.  */
 
 static bool
-build_access_from_call_arg (tree expr, gimple *stmt,
+build_access_from_call_arg (tree expr, gimple *stmt, bool can_be_returned,
 			    enum out_edge_check *oe_check)
 {
   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == ADDR_EXPR)
     {
       tree base = get_base_address (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0));
 
+      if (can_be_returned)
+	{
+	  disqualify_base_of_expr (base, "Address possibly returned, "
+				   "leading to an alis SRA may not know.");
+	  return false;
+	}
       if (abnormal_edge_after_stmt_p (stmt, oe_check))
 	{
 	  disqualify_base_of_expr (base, "May lead to need to add statements "
@@ -1508,12 +1517,25 @@ scan_function (void)
 	    case GIMPLE_CALL:
 	      {
 		enum out_edge_check oe_check = SRA_OUTGOING_EDGES_UNCHECKED;
-		for (i = 0; i < gimple_call_num_args (stmt); i++)
-		  ret |= build_access_from_call_arg (gimple_call_arg (stmt, i),
-						     stmt, &oe_check);
+		gcall *call = as_a <gcall *> (stmt);
+		for (i = 0; i < gimple_call_num_args (call); i++)
+		  {
+		    bool can_be_returned;
+		    if (gimple_call_lhs (call))
+		      {
+			int af = gimple_call_arg_flags (call, i);
+			can_be_returned = !(af & EAF_NOT_RETURNED_DIRECTLY);
+		      }
+		    else
+		      can_be_returned = false;
+		    ret |= build_access_from_call_arg (gimple_call_arg (call,
+									i),
+						       stmt, can_be_returned,
+						       &oe_check);
+		  }
 		if (gimple_call_chain(stmt))
-		  ret |= build_access_from_call_arg (gimple_call_chain(stmt),
-						     stmt, &oe_check);
+		  ret |= build_access_from_call_arg (gimple_call_chain(call),
+						     stmt, false,  &oe_check);
 	      }
 
 	      t = gimple_call_lhs (stmt);