Implement P0732R2, class types in non-type template parameters.

There is one significant piece of this that is not implemented yet: the
reliance on defaulted operator<=>, which someone else has been working on.
So, for the moment those lines are commented out of the testcases.

One tricky bit was treating template parameters of classtype as const
lvalues without making their decltype const; for this I used a
VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR wrapper, which previously could only appear in templates
as location wrappers.

The user-defined literal parts of P0732R2 are in the next patch.

gcc/cp/
	* error.c (dump_simple_decl): Look through a template parm object.
	* mangle.c (write_template_arg): Likewise.
	(mangle_template_parm_object): New.
	* pt.c (template_parm_object_p, get_template_parm_object): New.
	(invalid_tparm_referent_p): Factor from convert_nontype_argument.
	(convert_nontype_argument, invalid_nontype_parm_type_p): Handle
	class-type template arguments.
	* tree.c (lvalue_kind): Likewise.
gcc/c-family/
	* c-cppbuiltin.c (c_cpp_builtins): Add
	__cpp_nontype_template_parameter_class.
libiberty/
	* cp-demangle.c (d_dump, d_make_comp, d_count_templates_scopes)
	(d_print_comp_inner): Handle DEMANGLE_COMPONENT_TPARM_OBJ.
	(d_special_name): Handle TA.
	(d_expresion_1): Fix demangling of brace-enclosed initializer list.
include/
	* demangle.h (enum demangle_component_type): Add
	DEMANGLE_COMPONENT_TPARM_OBJ.

From-SVN: r265789

7 files changed, 291 insertions, 115 deletions

diff --git a/gcc/cp/ChangeLog b/gcc/cp/ChangeLog
index 4f40627..95149b1 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/ChangeLog
+++ b/gcc/cp/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 2018-11-04  Jason Merrill  <jason@redhat.com>
 
+	Implement P0732R2, class types in non-type template parameters.
+	* error.c (dump_simple_decl): Look through a template parm object.
+	* mangle.c (write_template_arg): Likewise.
+	(mangle_template_parm_object): New.
+	* pt.c (template_parm_object_p, get_template_parm_object): New.
+	(invalid_tparm_referent_p): Factor from convert_nontype_argument.
+	(convert_nontype_argument, invalid_nontype_parm_type_p): Handle
+	class-type template arguments.
+	* tree.c (lvalue_kind): Likewise.
+
 	* cvt.c (ocp_convert): Don't wrap a CONSTRUCTOR in a NOP_EXPR.
 	* constexpr.c (initialized_type): Fix AGGR_INIT_EXPR handling.
 	(cxx_eval_vec_init_1): Correct type of AGGR_INIT_EXPR.
diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index 6d49744..61b431e 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -6746,6 +6746,7 @@ extern bool variable_template_specialization_p  (tree);
 extern bool alias_type_or_template_p            (tree);
 extern bool alias_template_specialization_p     (const_tree);
 extern bool dependent_alias_template_spec_p     (const_tree);
+extern bool template_parm_object_p		(const_tree);
 extern bool explicit_class_specialization_p     (tree);
 extern bool push_tinst_level                    (tree);
 extern bool push_tinst_level_loc                (tree, location_t);
@@ -7446,6 +7447,7 @@ extern tree mangle_tls_init_fn			(tree);
 extern tree mangle_tls_wrapper_fn		(tree);
 extern bool decl_tls_wrapper_p			(tree);
 extern tree mangle_ref_init_variable		(tree);
+extern tree mangle_template_parm_object		(tree);
 extern char * get_mangled_vtable_map_var_name   (tree);
 extern bool mangle_return_type_p		(tree);
 extern tree mangle_decomp			(tree, vec<tree> &);
diff --git a/gcc/cp/error.c b/gcc/cp/error.c
index fa115aa..72b42bd 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/error.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/error.c
@@ -1006,6 +1006,9 @@ dump_global_iord (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 static void
 dump_simple_decl (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t, tree type, int flags)
 {
+  if (template_parm_object_p (t))
+    return dump_expr (pp, DECL_INITIAL (t), flags);
+
   if (flags & TFF_DECL_SPECIFIERS)
     {
       if (VAR_P (t) && DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (t))
diff --git a/gcc/cp/mangle.c b/gcc/cp/mangle.c
index 690d0bb..1b32301 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/mangle.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/mangle.c
@@ -3437,6 +3437,10 @@ write_template_arg (tree node)
 	}
     }
 
+  if (template_parm_object_p (node))
+    /* We want to mangle the argument, not the var we stored it in.  */
+    node = DECL_INITIAL (node);
+
   /* Strip a conversion added by convert_nontype_argument.  */
   if (TREE_CODE (node) == IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR)
     node = TREE_OPERAND (node, 0);
@@ -4257,6 +4261,19 @@ mangle_ref_init_variable (const tree variable)
   write_unsigned_number (temp_count++);
   return finish_mangling_get_identifier ();
 }
+
+/* Return an identifier for the mangled name of a C++20 template parameter
+   object for template argument EXPR.  */
+
+tree
+mangle_template_parm_object (tree expr)
+{
+  start_mangling (expr);
+  write_string ("_ZTAX");
+  write_expression (expr);
+  write_char ('E');
+  return finish_mangling_get_identifier ();
+}
 
 /* Given a CLASS_TYPE, such as a record for std::bad_exception this
    function generates a mangled name for the vtable map variable of
diff --git a/gcc/cp/pt.c b/gcc/cp/pt.c
index 4226d4d..80b4eec 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/pt.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/pt.c
@@ -6584,6 +6584,169 @@ unify_template_argument_mismatch (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
   return unify_invalid (explain_p);
 }
 
+/* True if T is a C++20 template parameter object to store the argument for a
+   template parameter of class type.  */
+
+bool
+template_parm_object_p (const_tree t)
+{
+  return (TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL && DECL_ARTIFICIAL (t) && DECL_NAME (t)
+	  && !strncmp (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (t)), "_ZTA", 4));
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of convert_nontype_argument, to check whether EXPR, as an
+   argument for TYPE, points to an unsuitable object.  */
+
+static bool
+invalid_tparm_referent_p (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (expr))
+    {
+    CASE_CONVERT:
+      return invalid_tparm_referent_p (type, TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0),
+				       complain);
+
+    case TARGET_EXPR:
+      return invalid_tparm_referent_p (type, TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (expr),
+				       complain);
+
+    case CONSTRUCTOR:
+      {
+	unsigned i; tree elt;
+	FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expr), i, elt)
+	  if (invalid_tparm_referent_p (TREE_TYPE (elt), elt, complain))
+	    return true;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case ADDR_EXPR:
+      {
+	tree decl = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
+
+	if (!VAR_P (decl))
+	  {
+	    if (complain & tf_error)
+	      error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
+		     "because %qE is not a variable", expr, type, decl);
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	else if (cxx_dialect < cxx11 && !DECL_EXTERNAL_LINKAGE_P (decl))
+	  {
+	    if (complain & tf_error)
+	      error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
+		     "in C++98 because %qD does not have external linkage",
+		     expr, type, decl);
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	else if ((cxx_dialect >= cxx11 && cxx_dialect < cxx17)
+		 && decl_linkage (decl) == lk_none)
+	  {
+	    if (complain & tf_error)
+	      error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
+		     "because %qD has no linkage", expr, type, decl);
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	/* C++17: For a non-type template-parameter of reference or pointer
+	   type, the value of the constant expression shall not refer to (or
+	   for a pointer type, shall not be the address of):
+	   * a subobject (4.5),
+	   * a temporary object (15.2),
+	   * a string literal (5.13.5),
+	   * the result of a typeid expression (8.2.8), or
+	   * a predefined __func__ variable (11.4.1).  */
+	else if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl))
+	  {
+	    if (complain & tf_error)
+	      error ("the address of %qD is not a valid template argument",
+		     decl);
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	else if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p
+		 (strip_array_types (TREE_TYPE (type)),
+		  strip_array_types (TREE_TYPE (decl))))
+	  {
+	    if (complain & tf_error)
+	      error ("the address of the %qT subobject of %qD is not a "
+		     "valid template argument", TREE_TYPE (type), decl);
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	else if (!TREE_STATIC (decl) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
+	  {
+	    if (complain & tf_error)
+	      error ("the address of %qD is not a valid template argument "
+		     "because it does not have static storage duration",
+		     decl);
+	    return true;
+	  }
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      if (!INDIRECT_TYPE_P (type))
+	/* We're only concerned about pointers and references here.  */;
+      else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx11 && integer_zerop (expr))
+	/* Null pointer values are OK in C++11.  */;
+      else
+	{
+	  if (VAR_P (expr))
+	    {
+	      if (complain & tf_error)
+		error ("%qD is not a valid template argument "
+		       "because %qD is a variable, not the address of "
+		       "a variable", expr, expr);
+	      return true;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      if (complain & tf_error)
+		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for %qT "
+		       "because it is not the address of a variable",
+		       expr, type);
+	      return true;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  return false;
+
+}
+
+/* Return a VAR_DECL for the C++20 template parameter object corresponding to
+   template argument EXPR.  */
+
+static tree
+get_template_parm_object (tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == TARGET_EXPR)
+    expr = TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (expr);
+
+  if (!TREE_CONSTANT (expr))
+    {
+      if ((complain & tf_error)
+	  && require_rvalue_constant_expression (expr))
+	cxx_constant_value (expr);
+      return error_mark_node;
+    }
+  if (invalid_tparm_referent_p (TREE_TYPE (expr), expr, complain))
+    return error_mark_node;
+
+  tree name = mangle_template_parm_object (expr);
+  tree decl = get_global_binding (name);
+  if (decl)
+    return decl;
+
+  tree type = cp_build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (expr), TYPE_QUAL_CONST);
+  decl = create_temporary_var (type);
+  TREE_STATIC (decl) = true;
+  DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (decl) = true;
+  TREE_READONLY (decl) = true;
+  DECL_NAME (decl) = name;
+  SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl, name);
+  DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = global_namespace;
+  comdat_linkage (decl);
+  pushdecl_top_level_and_finish (decl, expr);
+  return decl;
+}
+
 /* Attempt to convert the non-type template parameter EXPR to the
    indicated TYPE.  If the conversion is successful, return the
    converted value.  If the conversion is unsuccessful, return
@@ -6609,15 +6772,13 @@ convert_nontype_argument (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
 {
   tree expr_type;
   location_t loc = cp_expr_loc_or_loc (expr, input_location);
-  tree orig_expr = expr;
 
   /* Detect immediately string literals as invalid non-type argument.
      This special-case is not needed for correctness (we would easily
      catch this later), but only to provide better diagnostic for this
      common user mistake. As suggested by DR 100, we do not mention
      linkage issues in the diagnostic as this is not the point.  */
-  /* FIXME we're making this OK.  */
-  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == STRING_CST)
+  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == STRING_CST && !CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
     {
       if (complain & tf_error)
 	error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
@@ -6841,88 +7002,13 @@ convert_nontype_argument (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
 	;
       else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx11 && integer_zerop (expr))
 	/* Null pointer values are OK in C++11.  */;
-      else if (TREE_CODE (expr) != ADDR_EXPR)
-	{
-	  if (VAR_P (expr))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qD is not a valid template argument "
-		       "because %qD is a variable, not the address of "
-		       "a variable", orig_expr, expr);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  if (INDIRECT_TYPE_P (expr_type))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for %qT "
-		       "because it is not the address of a variable",
-		       orig_expr, type);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  /* Other values, like integer constants, might be valid
-	     non-type arguments of some other type.  */
-	  return error_mark_node;
-	}
-      else
-	{
-	  tree decl = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
-
-	  if (!VAR_P (decl))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
-		       "because %qE is not a variable", orig_expr, type, decl);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  else if (cxx_dialect < cxx11 && !DECL_EXTERNAL_LINKAGE_P (decl))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
-		       "because %qD does not have external linkage",
-		       orig_expr, type, decl);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  else if ((cxx_dialect >= cxx11 && cxx_dialect < cxx17)
-		   && decl_linkage (decl) == lk_none)
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
-		       "because %qD has no linkage", orig_expr, type, decl);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  /* C++17: For a non-type template-parameter of reference or pointer
-	     type, the value of the constant expression shall not refer to (or
-	     for a pointer type, shall not be the address of):
-	       * a subobject (4.5),
-	       * a temporary object (15.2),
-	       * a string literal (5.13.5),
-	       * the result of a typeid expression (8.2.8), or
-	       * a predefined __func__ variable (11.4.1).  */
-	  else if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("the address of %qD is not a valid template argument",
-		       decl);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  else if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p
-		   (strip_array_types (TREE_TYPE (type)),
-		    strip_array_types (TREE_TYPE (decl))))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("the address of the %qT subobject of %qD is not a "
-		       "valid template argument", TREE_TYPE (type), decl);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	  else if (!TREE_STATIC (decl) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("the address of %qD is not a valid template argument "
-		       "because it does not have static storage duration",
-		       decl);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-	}
+      else if (TREE_CODE (expr) != ADDR_EXPR
+	       && !INDIRECT_TYPE_P (expr_type))
+	/* Other values, like integer constants, might be valid
+	   non-type arguments of some other type.  */
+	return error_mark_node;
+      else if (invalid_tparm_referent_p (type, expr, complain))
+	return NULL_TREE;
 
       expr = decayed;
 
@@ -6985,27 +7071,10 @@ convert_nontype_argument (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
 	   itself value-dependent, since what we want here is its address.  */;
       else
 	{
-	  if (!DECL_P (expr))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
-		       "because it is not an object with linkage",
-		       expr, type);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-
-	  /* DR 1155 allows internal linkage in C++11 and up.  */
-	  linkage_kind linkage = decl_linkage (expr);
-	  if (linkage < (cxx_dialect >= cxx11 ? lk_internal : lk_external))
-	    {
-	      if (complain & tf_error)
-		error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
-		       "because object %qD does not have linkage",
-		       expr, type, expr);
-	      return NULL_TREE;
-	    }
-
 	  expr = build_address (expr);
+
+	  if (invalid_tparm_referent_p (type, expr, complain))
+	    return NULL_TREE;
 	}
 
       if (!same_type_p (type, TREE_TYPE (expr)))
@@ -7111,6 +7180,14 @@ convert_nontype_argument (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
 	}
       return expr;
     }
+  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
+    {
+      /* Replace the argument with a reference to the corresponding template
+	 parameter object.  */
+      expr = get_template_parm_object (expr, complain);
+      if (expr == error_mark_node)
+	return NULL_TREE;
+    }
   /* A template non-type parameter must be one of the above.  */
   else
     gcc_unreachable ();
@@ -15593,9 +15670,31 @@ tsubst_copy (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
 	     first, *then* reusing the resulting type.  Doing the type
 	     first ensures that we handle template parameters and
 	     parameter pack expansions.  */
-	  gcc_assert (location_wrapper_p (t));
-	  tree op0 = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl);
-	  return maybe_wrap_with_location (op0, EXPR_LOCATION (t));
+	  if (location_wrapper_p (t))
+	    {
+	      tree op0 = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args,
+				      complain, in_decl);
+	      return maybe_wrap_with_location (op0, EXPR_LOCATION (t));
+	    }
+	  tree op = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
+	  if (code == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
+	      && TREE_CODE (op) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
+	    {
+	      /* Wrapper to make a C++20 template parameter object const.  */
+	      op = tsubst_copy (op, args, complain, in_decl);
+	      if (TREE_CODE (op) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
+		{
+		  tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
+		  return build1 (code, type, op);
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  gcc_assert (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (op)));
+		  return op;
+		}
+	    }
+	  /* We shouldn't see any other uses of these in templates.  */
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
 	}
 
     case CAST_EXPR:
@@ -19042,10 +19141,9 @@ tsubst_copy_and_build (tree t,
 
     case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
     case VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR:
-      /* We should only see these for location wrapper nodes, or within
-	 instantiate_non_dependent_expr (when args is NULL_TREE).  */
-      gcc_assert (location_wrapper_p (t) || args == NULL_TREE);
       if (location_wrapper_p (t))
+	/* We need to do this here as well as in tsubst_copy so we get the
+	   other tsubst_copy_and_build semantics for a PARM_DECL operand.  */
 	RETURN (maybe_wrap_with_location (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
 					  EXPR_LOCATION (t)));
       /* fallthrough.  */
@@ -24566,6 +24664,33 @@ invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (tree type, tsubst_flags_t complain)
   else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx11
 	   && TREE_CODE (type) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
     return false;
+  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
+    {
+      if (cxx_dialect < cxx2a)
+	{
+	  error ("non-type template parameters of class type only available "
+		 "with -std=c++2a or -std=gnu++2a");
+	  return true;
+	}
+      if (!complete_type_or_else (type, NULL_TREE))
+	return true;
+      if (!literal_type_p (type))
+	{
+	  error ("%qT is not a valid type for a template non-type parameter "
+		 "because it is not literal", type);
+	  explain_non_literal_class (type);
+	  return true;
+	}
+      if (cp_has_mutable_p (type))
+	{
+	  error ("%qT is not a valid type for a template non-type parameter "
+		 "because it has a mutable member", type);
+	  return true;
+	}
+      /* FIXME check op<=> and strong structural equality once spaceship is
+	 implemented.  */
+      return false;
+    }
 
   if (complain & tf_error)
     {
@@ -25361,7 +25486,10 @@ instantiation_dependent_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees,
       return NULL_TREE;
 
     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
-      return *tp;
+      if (dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (*tp)))
+	return *tp;
+      /* We'll check value-dependence separately.  */
+      return NULL_TREE;
 
       /* Handle expressions with type operands.  */
     case SIZEOF_EXPR:
diff --git a/gcc/cp/semantics.c b/gcc/cp/semantics.c
index 0d9673d..b54ecb0 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/semantics.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/semantics.c
@@ -3648,8 +3648,17 @@ finish_id_expression (tree id_expression,
       *idk = CP_ID_KIND_NONE;
       if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
 	decl = TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (decl);
-      r = convert_from_reference (DECL_INITIAL (decl));
-
+      r = DECL_INITIAL (decl);
+      if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (r)) && !CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (r)))
+	{
+	  /* If the entity is a template parameter object for a template
+	     parameter of type T, the type of the expression is const T.  */
+	  tree ctype = TREE_TYPE (r);
+	  ctype = cp_build_qualified_type (ctype, (cp_type_quals (ctype)
+						   | TYPE_QUAL_CONST));
+	  r = build1 (VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR, ctype, r);
+	}
+      r = convert_from_reference (r);
       if (integral_constant_expression_p
 	  && !dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl))
 	  && !(INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (r))))
@@ -8802,7 +8811,8 @@ finish_decltype_type (tree expr, bool id_expression_or_member_access_p,
       if (identifier_p (expr))
         expr = lookup_name (expr);
 
-      if (INDIRECT_REF_P (expr))
+      if (INDIRECT_REF_P (expr)
+	  || TREE_CODE (expr) == VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR)
         /* This can happen when the expression is, e.g., "a.b". Just
            look at the underlying operand.  */
         expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
diff --git a/gcc/cp/tree.c b/gcc/cp/tree.c
index 51af9f2..e9db3ea 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/tree.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/tree.c
@@ -280,6 +280,12 @@ lvalue_kind (const_tree ref)
     case PAREN_EXPR:
       return lvalue_kind (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0));
 
+    case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
+      if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (ref)))
+	/* A template parameter object is an lvalue.  */
+	return clk_ordinary;
+      return clk_none;
+
     default:
     default_:
       if (!TREE_TYPE (ref))