PR target/32803: Add -Oz option for improved clang compatibility.

This patch adds support for an -Oz command line option, aggressively
optimizing for size at the expense of performance.  GCC's current -Os
provides a reasonable balance of size and performance, whereas -Oz is
probably only useful for code size benchmarks such as CSiBE.  Or so I
thought until I read in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25408853
that clang's -Oz sometimes outperforms -O[23s]; I suspect modern instruction
decode stages can treat "pushq $1; popq %rax" as a short uop encoding.

Instead of introducing a new global variable, this patch simply abuses
the existing optimize_size by setting its value to 2.  The only change
in behaviour is the tweak to the i386 backend implementing the suggestion
in PR target/32803 to use a short push/pop sequence for loading small
immediate values (-128..127) on x86, matching the behaviour of LLVM.

On x86_64, the simple function:
int foo() { return 25; }

currently generates with -Os:
foo:    movl    $25, %eax       // 5 bytes
        ret

With the proposed -Oz, it generates:
foo:    pushq   $25             // 2 bytes
        popq    %rax            // 1 byte
        ret

On CSiBE, this results in a 0.94% improvement (3703513 bytes total
down to 3668516 bytes).

2021-12-18  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
	PR target/32803
	* common.opt (Oz): New command line option.
	* doc/invoke.texi: Document the new -Oz option.
	* lto-wrapper.c (merge_and_complain, append_compiler_options):
	Treat OPT_Oz as synonymous with OPT_Os.
	* optc-save-gen.awk: Increase maximum value of optimize_size to 2.
	* opts.c (default_options_optimization) [OPT_Oz]: Handle OPT_Oz
	just like OPT_Os, except set opt->x_optimize_size to 2.
	(common_handle_option): Skip OPT_Oz just like OPT_Os.

	* config/i386/i386.md (*movdi_internal): Use a push/pop sequence
	for suitable SImode TYPE_IMOV moves when optimize_size > 1.
	(*movsi_internal): Likewise.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	PR target/32803
	* gcc.target/i386/pr32803.c: New test case.

1 files changed, 16 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/gcc/config/i386/i386.md b/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
index f6d9c4b..862d933 100644
--- a/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
+++ b/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
@@ -2213,7 +2213,14 @@
     case TYPE_IMOV:
       gcc_assert (!flag_pic || LEGITIMATE_PIC_OPERAND_P (operands[1]));
       if (get_attr_mode (insn) == MODE_SI)
-	return "mov{l}\t{%k1, %k0|%k0, %k1}";
+	{
+	  if (optimize_size > 1
+	      && TARGET_64BIT
+	      && CONST_INT_P (operands[1])
+	      && IN_RANGE (INTVAL (operands[1]), -128, 127))
+	    return "push{q}\t%1\n\tpop{q}\t%0";
+	  return "mov{l}\t{%k1, %k0|%k0, %k1}";
+	}
       else if (which_alternative == 4)
 	return "movabs{q}\t{%1, %0|%0, %1}";
       else if (ix86_use_lea_for_mov (insn, operands))
@@ -2431,6 +2438,14 @@
       gcc_assert (!flag_pic || LEGITIMATE_PIC_OPERAND_P (operands[1]));
       if (ix86_use_lea_for_mov (insn, operands))
 	return "lea{l}\t{%E1, %0|%0, %E1}";
+      else if (optimize_size > 1
+	       && CONST_INT_P (operands[1])
+	       && IN_RANGE (INTVAL (operands[1]), -128, 127))
+	{
+	  if (TARGET_64BIT)
+	    return "push{q}\t%1\n\tpop{q}\t%q0";
+	  return "push{l}\t%1\n\tpop{l}\t%0";
+	}
       else
 	return "mov{l}\t{%1, %0|%0, %1}";