c++: naming a dependently-scoped template for CTAD [PR104641]

In order to be able to perform CTAD for a dependently-scoped template
(such as A<T>::B in the testcase below), we need to permit a
typename-specifier to resolve to a template as per [dcl.type.simple]/3,
at least when it appears in a CTAD-enabled context.

This patch implements this using a new tsubst flag tf_tst_ok to control
when a TYPENAME_TYPE is allowed to name a template, and sets this flag
when substituting into the type of a CAST_EXPR, CONSTRUCTOR or VAR_DECL
(each of which is a CTAD-enabled context).

	PR c++/104641

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

	* cp-tree.h (tsubst_flags::tf_tst_ok): New flag.
	* decl.cc (make_typename_type): Allow a typename-specifier to
	resolve to a template when tf_tst_ok, in which case return
	a CTAD placeholder for the template.
	* pt.cc (tsubst_decl) <case VAR_DECL>: Set tf_tst_ok when
	substituting the type.
	(tsubst): Clear tf_tst_ok and remember if it was set.
	<case TYPENAME_TYPE>: Pass tf_tst_ok to make_typename_type
	appropriately.
	(tsubst_copy) <case CAST_EXPR>: Set tf_tst_ok when substituting
	the type.
	(tsubst_copy_and_build) <case CAST_EXPR>: Likewise.
	<case CONSTRUCTOR>: Likewise.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction107.C: New test.

4 files changed, 63 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index 0205414..a4bc48a 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -5563,6 +5563,8 @@ enum tsubst_flags {
 				(build_target_expr and friends) */
   tf_norm = 1 << 11,		 /* Build diagnostic information during
 				    constraint normalization.  */
+  tf_tst_ok = 1 << 12,		 /* Allow a typename-specifier to name
+				    a template (C++17 or later).  */
   /* Convenient substitution flags combinations.  */
   tf_warning_or_error = tf_warning | tf_error
 };
diff --git a/gcc/cp/decl.cc b/gcc/cp/decl.cc
index c42be60..8afda826 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/decl.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/decl.cc
@@ -4204,16 +4204,26 @@ make_typename_type (tree context, tree name, enum tag_types tag_type,
     }
   if (!want_template && TREE_CODE (t) != TYPE_DECL)
     {
-      if (complain & tf_error)
-	error ("%<typename %T::%D%> names %q#T, which is not a type",
-	       context, name, t);
-      return error_mark_node;
+      if ((complain & tf_tst_ok) && cxx_dialect >= cxx17
+	  && DECL_TYPE_TEMPLATE_P (t))
+	/* The caller permits this typename-specifier to name a template
+	   (because it appears in a CTAD-enabled context).  */;
+      else
+	{
+	  if (complain & tf_error)
+	    error ("%<typename %T::%D%> names %q#T, which is not a type",
+		   context, name, t);
+	  return error_mark_node;
+	}
     }
 
   if (!check_accessibility_of_qualified_id (t, /*object_type=*/NULL_TREE,
 					    context, complain))
     return error_mark_node;
 
+  if (!want_template && DECL_TYPE_TEMPLATE_P (t))
+    return make_template_placeholder (t);
+
   if (want_template)
     {
       t = lookup_template_class (t, TREE_OPERAND (fullname, 1),
diff --git a/gcc/cp/pt.cc b/gcc/cp/pt.cc
index 67a49c7..715eea2 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/pt.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/pt.cc
@@ -14896,7 +14896,10 @@ tsubst_decl (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
 		&& VAR_HAD_UNKNOWN_BOUND (t)
 		&& type != error_mark_node)
 	      type = strip_array_domain (type);
-	    type = tsubst (type, args, complain, in_decl);
+	    tsubst_flags_t tcomplain = complain;
+	    if (VAR_P (t))
+	      tcomplain |= tf_tst_ok;
+	    type = tsubst (type, args, tcomplain, in_decl);
 	    /* Substituting the type might have recursively instantiated this
 	       same alias (c++/86171).  */
 	    if (gen_tmpl && DECL_ALIAS_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl)
@@ -15582,6 +15585,9 @@ tsubst (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
   bool fndecl_type = (complain & tf_fndecl_type);
   complain &= ~tf_fndecl_type;
 
+  bool tst_ok = (complain & tf_tst_ok);
+  complain &= ~tf_tst_ok;
+
   if (type
       && code != TYPENAME_TYPE
       && code != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
@@ -16169,8 +16175,10 @@ tsubst (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
 	      return error_mark_node;
 	  }
 
-	f = make_typename_type (ctx, f, typename_type,
-				complain | tf_keep_type_decl);
+	tsubst_flags_t tcomplain = complain | tf_keep_type_decl;
+	if (tst_ok)
+	  tcomplain |= tf_tst_ok;
+	f = make_typename_type (ctx, f, typename_type, tcomplain);
 	if (f == error_mark_node)
 	  return f;
 	if (TREE_CODE (f) == TYPE_DECL)
@@ -17077,7 +17085,10 @@ tsubst_copy (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
     case CONVERT_EXPR:
     case NOP_EXPR:
       {
-	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
+	tsubst_flags_t tcomplain = complain;
+	if (code == CAST_EXPR)
+	  tcomplain |= tf_tst_ok;
+	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, tcomplain, in_decl);
 	tree op0 = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl);
 	return build1 (code, type, op0);
       }
@@ -20100,7 +20111,10 @@ tsubst_copy_and_build (tree t,
 	tree type;
 	tree op, r = NULL_TREE;
 
-	type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
+	tsubst_flags_t tcomplain = complain;
+	if (TREE_CODE (t) == CAST_EXPR)
+	  tcomplain |= tf_tst_ok;
+	type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, tcomplain, in_decl);
 	if (integral_constant_expression_p
 	    && !cast_valid_in_integral_constant_expression_p (type))
 	  {
@@ -21060,12 +21074,15 @@ tsubst_copy_and_build (tree t,
 	vec<constructor_elt, va_gc> *n;
 	constructor_elt *ce;
 	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT idx;
-	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
 	bool process_index_p;
         int newlen;
         bool need_copy_p = false;
 	tree r;
 
+	tsubst_flags_t tcomplain = complain;
+	if (COMPOUND_LITERAL_P (t))
+	  tcomplain |= tf_tst_ok;
+	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, tcomplain, in_decl);
 	if (type == error_mark_node)
 	  RETURN (error_mark_node);
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction107.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction107.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1492f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction107.C
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// PR c++/104641
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+template<class T>
+struct A {
+  template<class U> struct B { B(U); };
+private:
+  template<class U> struct C { C(U); };
+};
+
+template<class T>
+void f() {
+  typename A<T>::B x = 0;
+  auto y = typename A<T>::B(0);
+  auto z = typename A<T>::B{0};
+  typename A<T>::C w(0); // { dg-error "private" "" { target c++17 } }
+}
+
+template void f<void>();
+
+// { dg-error "not a type" "" { target c++14_down } 13 }
+// { dg-error "not a type" "" { target c++14_down } 14 }
+// { dg-error "not a type" "" { target c++14_down } 15 }
+// { dg-error "not a type" "" { target c++14_down } 16 }