path: root/spike_main/spike.cc

// See LICENSE for license details.

#include "config.h"
#include "cfg.h"
#include "sim.h"
#include "mmu.h"
#include "arith.h"
#include "remote_bitbang.h"
#include "cachesim.h"
#include "extension.h"
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <fesvr/option_parser.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <fstream>
#include <limits>
#include <cinttypes>
#include "../VERSION"

static void help(int exit_code = 1)
{
  fprintf(stderr, "Spike RISC-V ISA Simulator " SPIKE_VERSION "\n\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "usage: spike [host options] <target program> [target options]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "Host Options:\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -p<n>                 Simulate <n> processors [default 1]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -m<n>                 Provide <n> MiB of target memory [default 2048]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -m<a:m,b:n,...>       Provide memory regions of size m and n bytes\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          at base addresses a and b (with 4 KiB alignment)\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -d                    Interactive debug mode\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -g                    Track histogram of PCs\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -l                    Generate a log of execution\n");
#ifdef HAVE_BOOST_ASIO
  fprintf(stderr, "  -s                    Command I/O via socket (use with -d)\n");
#endif
  fprintf(stderr, "  -h, --help            Print this help message\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  -H                    Start halted, allowing a debugger to connect\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --log=<name>          File name for option -l\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --debug-cmd=<name>    Read commands from file (use with -d)\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --isa=<name>          RISC-V ISA string [default %s]\n", DEFAULT_ISA);
  fprintf(stderr, "  --pmpregions=<n>      Number of PMP regions [default 16]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --priv=<m|mu|msu>     RISC-V privilege modes supported [default %s]\n", DEFAULT_PRIV);
  fprintf(stderr, "  --varch=<name>        RISC-V Vector uArch string [default %s]\n", DEFAULT_VARCH);
  fprintf(stderr, "  --pc=<address>        Override ELF entry point\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --hartids=<a,b,...>   Explicitly specify hartids, default is 0,1,...\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --ic=<S>:<W>:<B>      Instantiate a cache model with S sets,\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dc=<S>:<W>:<B>        W ways, and B-byte blocks (with S and\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --l2=<S>:<W>:<B>        B both powers of 2).\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --big-endian          Use a big-endian memory system.\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --misaligned          Support misaligned memory accesses\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --device=<P,B,A>      Attach MMIO plugin device from an --extlib library\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          P -- Name of the MMIO plugin\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          B -- Base memory address of the device\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          A -- String arguments to pass to the plugin\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          This flag can be used multiple times.\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          The extlib flag for the library must come first.\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --log-cache-miss      Generate a log of cache miss\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --log-commits         Generate a log of commits info\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --extension=<name>    Specify RoCC Extension\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                          This flag can be used multiple times.\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --extlib=<name>       Shared library to load\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "                        This flag can be used multiple times.\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --rbb-port=<port>     Listen on <port> for remote bitbang connection\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dump-dts            Print device tree string and exit\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dtb=<path>          Use specified device tree blob [default: auto-generate]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --disable-dtb         Don't write the device tree blob into memory\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --kernel=<path>       Load kernel flat image into memory\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --initrd=<path>       Load kernel initrd into memory\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --bootargs=<args>     Provide custom bootargs for kernel [default: console=hvc0 earlycon=sbi]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --real-time-clint     Increment clint time at real-time rate\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-progsize=<words> Progsize for the debug module [default 2]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-sba=<bits>       Debug system bus access supports up to "
      "<bits> wide accesses [default 0]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-auth             Debug module requires debugger to authenticate\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dmi-rti=<n>         Number of Run-Test/Idle cycles "
      "required for a DMI access [default 0]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-abstract-rti=<n> Number of Run-Test/Idle cycles "
      "required for an abstract command to execute [default 0]\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-no-hasel         Debug module supports hasel\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-no-abstract-csr  Debug module won't support abstract CSR access\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-no-abstract-fpr  Debug module won't support abstract FPR access\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-no-halt-groups   Debug module won't support halt groups\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --dm-no-impebreak     Debug module won't support implicit ebreak in program buffer\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "  --blocksz=<size>      Cache block size (B) for CMO operations(powers of 2) [default 64]\n");

  exit(exit_code);
}

static void suggest_help()
{
  fprintf(stderr, "Try 'spike --help' for more information.\n");
  exit(1);
}

static bool check_file_exists(const char *fileName)
{
  std::ifstream infile(fileName);
  return infile.good();
}

static std::ifstream::pos_type get_file_size(const char *filename)
{
  std::ifstream in(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
  return in.tellg();
}

static void read_file_bytes(const char *filename,size_t fileoff,
                            mem_t* mem, size_t memoff, size_t read_sz)
{
  std::ifstream in(filename, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
  in.seekg(fileoff, std::ios::beg);

  std::vector<char> read_buf(read_sz, 0);
  in.read(&read_buf[0], read_sz);
  mem->store(memoff, read_sz, (uint8_t*)&read_buf[0]);
}

bool sort_mem_region(const mem_cfg_t &a, const mem_cfg_t &b)
{
  if (a.base == b.base)
    return (a.size < b.size);
  else
    return (a.base < b.base);
}

static bool check_mem_overlap(const mem_cfg_t& L, const mem_cfg_t& R)
{
  const reg_t L_end   = L.base + L.size - 1;
  const reg_t R_end   = R.base + R.size - 1;

  return std::max(L.base, R.base) <= std::min(L_end, R_end);
}

static mem_cfg_t merge_mem_regions(const mem_cfg_t& L, const mem_cfg_t& R)
{
  // one can merge only intersecting regions
  assert(check_mem_overlap(L, R));

  const reg_t merged_base = std::min(L.base, R.base);
  const reg_t merged_end_incl = std::max(L.base + L.size - 1, R.base + R.size - 1);
  const reg_t merged_size = merged_end_incl - merged_base + 1;

  return mem_cfg_t(merged_base, merged_size);
}

// check the user specified memory regions and merge the overlapping or
// eliminate the containing parts
static std::vector<mem_cfg_t>
merge_overlapping_memory_regions(std::vector<mem_cfg_t> mems)
{
  if (mems.empty())
    return {};

  std::sort(mems.begin(), mems.end(), sort_mem_region);

  std::vector<mem_cfg_t> merged_mem;
  merged_mem.push_back(mems.front());

  for (auto mem_it = std::next(mems.begin()); mem_it != mems.end(); ++mem_it) {
    const auto& mem_int = *mem_it;
    if (!check_mem_overlap(merged_mem.back(), mem_int)) {
      merged_mem.push_back(mem_int);
      continue;
    }
    merged_mem.back() = merge_mem_regions(merged_mem.back(), mem_int);
  }

  return merged_mem;
}

static std::vector<mem_cfg_t> parse_mem_layout(const char* arg)
{
  std::vector<mem_cfg_t> res;

  // handle legacy mem argument
  char* p;
  auto mb = strtoull(arg, &p, 0);
  if (*p == 0) {
    reg_t size = reg_t(mb) << 20;
    if (size != (size_t)size)
      throw std::runtime_error("Size would overflow size_t");
    res.push_back(mem_cfg_t(reg_t(DRAM_BASE), size));
    return res;
  }

  // handle base/size tuples
  while (true) {
    auto base = strtoull(arg, &p, 0);
    if (!*p || *p != ':')
      help();
    auto size = strtoull(p + 1, &p, 0);

    // page-align base and size
    auto base0 = base, size0 = size;
    size += base0 % PGSIZE;
    base -= base0 % PGSIZE;
    if (size % PGSIZE != 0)
      size += PGSIZE - size % PGSIZE;

    if (size != size0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Warning: the memory at [0x%llX, 0x%llX] has been realigned\n"
                      "to the %ld KiB page size: [0x%llX, 0x%llX]\n",
              base0, base0 + size0 - 1, long(PGSIZE / 1024), base, base + size - 1);
    }

    if (!mem_cfg_t::check_if_supported(base, size)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported memory region "
                      "{base = 0x%llX, size = 0x%llX} specified\n",
              base, size);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    const unsigned long long max_allowed_pa = (1ull << MAX_PADDR_BITS) - 1ull;
    assert(max_allowed_pa <= std::numeric_limits<reg_t>::max());
    mem_cfg_t mem_region(base, size);
    auto last_pa_region = mem_region.base + mem_region.size - 1;
    if (last_pa_region > max_allowed_pa) {
      int bits_required = 64 - clz(last_pa_region);
      fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported memory region "
                      "{base = 0x%" PRIX64 ", size = 0x%" PRIX64 "} specified,"
                      " which requires %d bits of physical address\n"
                      "    The largest accessible physical address "
                      "is 0x%llX (defined by MAX_PADDR_BITS constant, which is %d)\n",
              mem_region.base, mem_region.size, bits_required,
              max_allowed_pa, MAX_PADDR_BITS);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    res.push_back(mem_region);

    if (!*p)
      break;
    if (*p != ',')
      help();
    arg = p + 1;
  }

  auto merged_mem = merge_overlapping_memory_regions(res);

  assert(!merged_mem.empty());
  return merged_mem;
}

static std::vector<std::pair<reg_t, mem_t*>> make_mems(const std::vector<mem_cfg_t> &layout)
{
  std::vector<std::pair<reg_t, mem_t*>> mems;
  mems.reserve(layout.size());
  for (const auto &cfg : layout) {
    mems.push_back(std::make_pair(cfg.base, new mem_t(cfg.size)));
  }
  return mems;
}

static unsigned long atoul_safe(const char* s)
{
  char* e;
  auto res = strtoul(s, &e, 10);
  if (*e)
    help();
  return res;
}

static unsigned long atoul_nonzero_safe(const char* s)
{
  auto res = atoul_safe(s);
  if (!res)
    help();
  return res;
}

static std::vector<int> parse_hartids(const char *s)
{
  std::string const str(s);
  std::stringstream stream(str);
  std::vector<int> hartids;

  int n;
  while (stream >> n) {
    hartids.push_back(n);
    if (stream.peek() == ',') stream.ignore();
  }

  return hartids;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  bool debug = false;
  bool halted = false;
  bool histogram = false;
  bool log = false;
  bool UNUSED socket = false;  // command line option -s
  bool dump_dts = false;
  bool dtb_enabled = true;
  const char* kernel = NULL;
  reg_t kernel_offset, kernel_size;
  std::vector<std::pair<reg_t, abstract_device_t*>> plugin_devices;
  std::unique_ptr<icache_sim_t> ic;
  std::unique_ptr<dcache_sim_t> dc;
  std::unique_ptr<cache_sim_t> l2;
  bool log_cache = false;
  bool log_commits = false;
  const char *log_path = nullptr;
  std::vector<std::function<extension_t*()>> extensions;
  const char* initrd = NULL;
  const char* dtb_file = NULL;
  uint16_t rbb_port = 0;
  bool use_rbb = false;
  unsigned dmi_rti = 0;
  reg_t blocksz = 64;
  debug_module_config_t dm_config = {
    .progbufsize = 2,
    .max_sba_data_width = 0,
    .require_authentication = false,
    .abstract_rti = 0,
    .support_hasel = true,
    .support_abstract_csr_access = true,
    .support_abstract_fpr_access = true,
    .support_haltgroups = true,
    .support_impebreak = true
  };
  cfg_arg_t<size_t> nprocs(1);

  cfg_t cfg(/*default_initrd_bounds=*/std::make_pair((reg_t)0, (reg_t)0),
            /*default_bootargs=*/nullptr,
            /*default_isa=*/DEFAULT_ISA,
            /*default_priv=*/DEFAULT_PRIV,
            /*default_varch=*/DEFAULT_VARCH,
            /*default_misaligned=*/false,
            /*default_endianness*/endianness_little,
            /*default_pmpregions=*/16,
            /*default_mem_layout=*/parse_mem_layout("2048"),
            /*default_hartids=*/std::vector<int>(),
            /*default_real_time_clint=*/false);

  auto const device_parser = [&plugin_devices](const char *s) {
    const std::string str(s);
    std::istringstream stream(str);

    // We are parsing a string like name,base,args.

    // Parse the name, which is simply all of the characters leading up to the
    // first comma. The validity of the plugin name will be checked later.
    std::string name;
    std::getline(stream, name, ',');
    if (name.empty()) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Plugin name is empty.");
    }

    // Parse the base address. First, get all of the characters up to the next
    // comma (or up to the end of the string if there is no comma). Then try to
    // parse that string as an integer according to the rules of strtoull. It
    // could be in decimal, hex, or octal. Fail if we were able to parse a
    // number but there were garbage characters after the valid number. We must
    // consume the entire string between the commas.
    std::string base_str;
    std::getline(stream, base_str, ',');
    if (base_str.empty()) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Device base address is empty.");
    }
    char* end;
    reg_t base = static_cast<reg_t>(strtoull(base_str.c_str(), &end, 0));
    if (end != &*base_str.cend()) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Error parsing device base address.");
    }

    // The remainder of the string is the arguments. We could use getline, but
    // that could ignore newline characters in the arguments. That should be
    // rare and discouraged, but handle it here anyway with this weird in_avail
    // technique. The arguments are optional, so if there were no arguments
    // specified we could end up with an empty string here. That's okay.
    auto avail = stream.rdbuf()->in_avail();
    std::string args(avail, '\0');
    stream.readsome(&args[0], avail);

    plugin_devices.emplace_back(base, new mmio_plugin_device_t(name, args));
  };

  option_parser_t parser;
  parser.help(&suggest_help);
  parser.option('h', "help", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){help(0);});
  parser.option('d', 0, 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){debug = true;});
  parser.option('g', 0, 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){histogram = true;});
  parser.option('l', 0, 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){log = true;});
#ifdef HAVE_BOOST_ASIO
  parser.option('s', 0, 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){socket = true;});
#endif
  parser.option('p', 0, 1, [&](const char* s){nprocs = atoul_nonzero_safe(s);});
  parser.option('m', 0, 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.mem_layout = parse_mem_layout(s);});
  // I wanted to use --halted, but for some reason that doesn't work.
  parser.option('H', 0, 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){halted = true;});
  parser.option(0, "rbb-port", 1, [&](const char* s){use_rbb = true; rbb_port = atoul_safe(s);});
  parser.option(0, "pc", 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.start_pc = strtoull(s, 0, 0);});
  parser.option(0, "hartids", 1, [&](const char* s){
    cfg.hartids = parse_hartids(s);
    cfg.explicit_hartids = true;
  });
  parser.option(0, "ic", 1, [&](const char* s){ic.reset(new icache_sim_t(s));});
  parser.option(0, "dc", 1, [&](const char* s){dc.reset(new dcache_sim_t(s));});
  parser.option(0, "l2", 1, [&](const char* s){l2.reset(cache_sim_t::construct(s, "L2$"));});
  parser.option(0, "big-endian", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){cfg.endianness = endianness_big;});
  parser.option(0, "misaligned", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){cfg.misaligned = true;});
  parser.option(0, "log-cache-miss", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){log_cache = true;});
  parser.option(0, "isa", 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.isa = s;});
  parser.option(0, "pmpregions", 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.pmpregions = atoul_safe(s);});
  parser.option(0, "priv", 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.priv = s;});
  parser.option(0, "varch", 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.varch = s;});
  parser.option(0, "device", 1, device_parser);
  parser.option(0, "extension", 1, [&](const char* s){extensions.push_back(find_extension(s));});
  parser.option(0, "dump-dts", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){dump_dts = true;});
  parser.option(0, "disable-dtb", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){dtb_enabled = false;});
  parser.option(0, "dtb", 1, [&](const char *s){dtb_file = s;});
  parser.option(0, "kernel", 1, [&](const char* s){kernel = s;});
  parser.option(0, "initrd", 1, [&](const char* s){initrd = s;});
  parser.option(0, "bootargs", 1, [&](const char* s){cfg.bootargs = s;});
  parser.option(0, "real-time-clint", 0, [&](const char UNUSED *s){cfg.real_time_clint = true;});
  parser.option(0, "extlib", 1, [&](const char *s){
    void *lib = dlopen(s, RTLD_NOW | RTLD_GLOBAL);
    if (lib == NULL) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Unable to load extlib '%s': %s\n", s, dlerror());
      exit(-1);
    }
  });
  parser.option(0, "dm-progsize", 1,
      [&](const char* s){dm_config.progbufsize = atoul_safe(s);});
  parser.option(0, "dm-no-impebreak", 0,
      [&](const char UNUSED *s){dm_config.support_impebreak = false;});
  parser.option(0, "dm-sba", 1,
      [&](const char* s){dm_config.max_sba_data_width = atoul_safe(s);});
  parser.option(0, "dm-auth", 0,
      [&](const char UNUSED *s){dm_config.require_authentication = true;});
  parser.option(0, "dmi-rti", 1,
      [&](const char* s){dmi_rti = atoul_safe(s);});
  parser.option(0, "dm-abstract-rti", 1,
      [&](const char* s){dm_config.abstract_rti = atoul_safe(s);});
  parser.option(0, "dm-no-hasel", 0,
      [&](const char UNUSED *s){dm_config.support_hasel = false;});
  parser.option(0, "dm-no-abstract-csr", 0,
      [&](const char UNUSED *s){dm_config.support_abstract_csr_access = false;});
  parser.option(0, "dm-no-abstract-fpr", 0,
      [&](const char UNUSED *s){dm_config.support_abstract_fpr_access = false;});
  parser.option(0, "dm-no-halt-groups", 0,
      [&](const char UNUSED *s){dm_config.support_haltgroups = false;});
  parser.option(0, "log-commits", 0,
                [&](const char UNUSED *s){log_commits = true;});
  parser.option(0, "log", 1,
                [&](const char* s){log_path = s;});
  FILE *cmd_file = NULL;
  parser.option(0, "debug-cmd", 1, [&](const char* s){
     if ((cmd_file = fopen(s, "r"))==NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open command file '%s'\n", s);
        exit(-1);
     }
  });
  parser.option(0, "blocksz", 1, [&](const char* s){
    blocksz = strtoull(s, 0, 0);
    const unsigned min_blocksz = 16;
    const unsigned max_blocksz = PGSIZE;
    if (blocksz < min_blocksz || blocksz > max_blocksz || ((blocksz & (blocksz - 1))) != 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "--blocksz must be a power of 2 between %u and %u\n",
        min_blocksz, max_blocksz);
      exit(-1);
    }
  });

  auto argv1 = parser.parse(argv);
  std::vector<std::string> htif_args(argv1, (const char*const*)argv + argc);

  if (!*argv1)
    help();

  std::vector<std::pair<reg_t, mem_t*>> mems = make_mems(cfg.mem_layout());

  if (kernel && check_file_exists(kernel)) {
    const char *isa = cfg.isa();
    kernel_size = get_file_size(kernel);
    if (isa[2] == '6' && isa[3] == '4')
      kernel_offset = 0x200000;
    else
      kernel_offset = 0x400000;
    for (auto& m : mems) {
      if (kernel_size && (kernel_offset + kernel_size) < m.second->size()) {
         read_file_bytes(kernel, 0, m.second, kernel_offset, kernel_size);
         break;
      }
    }
  }

  if (initrd && check_file_exists(initrd)) {
    size_t initrd_size = get_file_size(initrd);
    for (auto& m : mems) {
      if (initrd_size && (initrd_size + 0x1000) < m.second->size()) {
         reg_t initrd_end = m.first + m.second->size() - 0x1000;
         reg_t initrd_start = initrd_end - initrd_size;
         cfg.initrd_bounds = std::make_pair(initrd_start, initrd_end);
         read_file_bytes(initrd, 0, m.second, initrd_start - m.first, initrd_size);
         break;
      }
    }
  }

  if (cfg.explicit_hartids) {
    if (nprocs.overridden() && (nprocs() != cfg.nprocs())) {
      std::cerr << "Number of specified hartids ("
                << cfg.nprocs()
                << ") doesn't match specified number of processors ("
                << nprocs() << ").\n";
      exit(1);
    }
  } else {
    // Set default set of hartids based on nprocs, but don't set the
    // explicit_hartids flag (which means that downstream code can know that
    // we've only set the number of harts, not explicitly chosen their IDs).
    std::vector<int> default_hartids;
    default_hartids.reserve(nprocs());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < nprocs(); ++i) {
      default_hartids.push_back(i);
    }
    cfg.hartids = default_hartids;
  }

  sim_t s(&cfg, halted,
      mems, plugin_devices, htif_args, dm_config, log_path, dtb_enabled, dtb_file,
      socket,
      cmd_file);
  std::unique_ptr<remote_bitbang_t> remote_bitbang((remote_bitbang_t *) NULL);
  std::unique_ptr<jtag_dtm_t> jtag_dtm(
      new jtag_dtm_t(&s.debug_module, dmi_rti));
  if (use_rbb) {
    remote_bitbang.reset(new remote_bitbang_t(rbb_port, &(*jtag_dtm)));
    s.set_remote_bitbang(&(*remote_bitbang));
  }

  if (dump_dts) {
    printf("%s", s.get_dts());
    return 0;
  }

  if (ic && l2) ic->set_miss_handler(&*l2);
  if (dc && l2) dc->set_miss_handler(&*l2);
  if (ic) ic->set_log(log_cache);
  if (dc) dc->set_log(log_cache);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < cfg.nprocs(); i++)
  {
    if (ic) s.get_core(i)->get_mmu()->register_memtracer(&*ic);
    if (dc) s.get_core(i)->get_mmu()->register_memtracer(&*dc);
    for (auto e : extensions)
      s.get_core(i)->register_extension(e());
    s.get_core(i)->get_mmu()->set_cache_blocksz(blocksz);
  }

  s.set_debug(debug);
  s.configure_log(log, log_commits);
  s.set_histogram(histogram);

  auto return_code = s.run();

  for (auto& mem : mems)
    delete mem.second;

  for (auto& plugin_device : plugin_devices)
    delete plugin_device.second;

  return return_code;
}