path: root/doc/README.odroid

 U-Boot for Odroid X2/U3/XU3/XU4/HC1
========================

1. Summary
==========
This is a quick instruction for setup Odroid boards.
Board config: odroid_config for X2/U3
Board config: odroid-xu3_config for XU3/XU4/HC1

2. Supported devices
====================
This U-BOOT config can be used on three boards:
- Odroid U3
- Odroid X2
with CPU Exynos 4412 rev 2.0 and 2GB of RAM
- Odroid XU3
- Odroid XU4
- Odroid HC1
with CPU Exynos5422 and 2GB of RAM

3. Boot sequence
================
iROM->BL1->(BL2 + TrustZone)->U-BOOT

This version of U-BOOT doesn't implement SPL. So, BL1, BL2, and TrustZone
binaries are needed to boot up.

<< X2/U3 >>
It can be found in "boot.tar.gz" from here:
http://dev.odroid.com/projects/4412boot/wiki/FrontPage?action=download&value=boot.tar.gz
or here:
http://odroid.in/guides/ubuntu-lfs/boot.tar.gz

<< XU3/XU4 >>
It can be downloaded from:
https://github.com/hardkernel/u-boot/tree/odroidxu3-v2012.07/sd_fuse/hardkernel_1mb_uboot


4. Boot media layout
====================
The table below shows SD/eMMC cards layout for U-Boot.
The block offset is starting from 0 and the block size is 512B.
 -------------------------------------
|  Binary   | Block offset| part type |
|   name    | SD   | eMMC |(eMMC only)|
 -------------------------------------
| Bl1       | 1    | 0    |  1 (boot) |
| Bl2       | 31   | 30   |  1 (boot) |
| U-Boot    | 63   | 62   |  1 (boot) |
| Tzsw      | 2111 | 2110 |  1 (boot) |
| Uboot Env | 2560 | 2560 |  0 (user) |
 -------------------------------------

5. Prepare the SD boot card - with SD card reader
=================================================
To prepare bootable media you need boot binaries provided by hardkernel.
From the downloaded files, You can find:
- bl1.bin
- tzsw.bin
- bl2.bin
- sd_fusing.sh
- u-boot.bin
(The file names can be slightly different, but you can distinguish what they are
without problem)

This is all you need to boot this board. But if you want to use your custom
U-Boot then you need to change u-boot.bin with your own U-Boot binary*
and run the script "sd_fusing.sh" - this script is valid only for SD card.

*note:
The proper binary file of current U-Boot is u-boot-dtb.bin.

quick steps for Linux:
- Download all files from the link at point 3 and extract it if needed.
- put any SD card into the SD reader
- check the device with "dmesg"
- run ./sd_fusing.sh /dev/sdX - where X is SD card device (but not a partition)
Check if Hardkernel U-Boot is booting, and next do the same with your U-Boot.

6. Prepare the eMMC boot card
   with a eMMC card reader (boot from eMMC card slot)
=====================================================
To boot the device from the eMMC slot you should use a special card reader
which supports eMMC partition switch. All of the boot binaries are stored
on the eMMC boot partition which is normally hidden.

The "sd_fusing.sh" script can be used after updating offsets of binaries
according to the table from point 4. Be sure that you are working on the right
eMMC partition - its size is usually very small, about 1-4 MiB.

7. Prepare the eMMC boot card
   with a SD card reader (boot from SD card slot)
=================================================
If you have an eMMC->microSD adapter you can prepare the card as in point 5.
But then the device can boot only from the SD card slot.

8. Prepare the boot media using Hardkernel U-Boot
=================================================
You can update the U-Boot to the custom one if you have a working bootloader
delivered with the board on the eMMC/SD card. Then follow the steps:
- install the android fastboot tool
- connect a micro usb cable to the board
- on the U-Boot prompt, run command: fastboot (as a root)
- on the host, run command: "fastboot flash bootloader u-boot-dtb.bin"
- the custom U-Boot should start after the board resets.

9. Partition layout
====================
Default U-Boot environment is setup for fixed partition layout.

Partition table: MSDOS. Disk layout and files as listed in the table below.
 ----- ------ ------ ------ -------- ---------------------------------
| Num | Name |  FS  | Size | Offset |         Reguired files          |
|     |      | Type |  MiB |  MiB   |                                 |
 ----- ------ ------ ------ -------- ---------------------------------
|  1  | BOOT | fat  |  100 |   2    |  kernel, fdt**                  |
|  2  | ROOT | ext4 |   -  |        |  any Linux system               |
 ----- ------ ------ ------ -------- ---------------------------------

**note:
Supported fdt files are:
- exynos4412-odroidx2.dtb
- exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb
- exynos5422-odroidxu3.dtb
- exynos5422-odroidxu3-lite.dtb
- exynos5422-odroidxu4.dtb
- exynos5422-odroidhc1.dtb

Supported kernel files are:
- Image.itb
- zImage
- uImage

The default environmental variable "dfu_alt_info" is set* for above layout.
Each partition size is just an example, dfu_alt_info tries init two partitions.
The size of each is not important.

*note:
$dfu_alt_info is set on a boot time and it is concatenated using two variables:
- $dfu_alt_boot(set dynamically)
- $dfu_alt_system(from current env).

To add any changes to dfu_alt_info - please modify $dfu_alt_system only.
Changes are visible after board reset.

10. The environment and booting the kernel
==========================================
There are three macros defined in config for various boot options:
Two for both, kernel with device tree support and also without it:
- boot_uimg - load uImage
- boot_zimg - load zImage
If proper fdt file exists then it will be automatically loaded,
so for old kernel types, please remove fdt file from boot partition.

The third boot option for multi image support (more info: doc/uImage.FIT/)
- boot_fit - for binary file: "Image.itb"

Default boot command: "autoboot"
And the boot sequence is:
- boot_fit - if "Image.itb" exists
- boot_zimg - if "zImage" exists
- boot_uimg - if "uImage" exists

11. USB host support
====================
NOTE: This section is only for Odroid X2/U3.

The ethernet can be accessed after starting the USB subsystem in U-Boot.
The adapter does not come with a preconfigured MAC address, and hence it needs
to be set before starting USB.
setenv usbethaddr 02:DE:AD:BE:EF:FF

Note that in this example a locally managed MAC address is chosen. Care should
be taken to make these MAC addresses unique within the same subnet.

Start the USB subsystem:
Odroid # setenv usbethaddr 02:DE:AD:BE:EF:FF
Odroid # usb start
(Re)start USB...
USB0:   USB EHCI 1.00
scanning bus 0 for devices... 4 USB Device(s) found
       scanning usb for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found
       scanning usb for ethernet devices... 1 Ethernet Device(s) found
Odroid #

Automatic IP assignment:
------------------------
If the ethernet is connected to a DHCP server (router maybe with DHCP enabled),
then the below will automatically assign an ip address through DHCP.
setenv autoload no
dhcp

Odroid # setenv autoload no
Odroid # dhcp
Waiting for Ethernet connection... done.
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.10 (524 ms)
Odroid #

Note that this automatically sets the many IP address related variables in
U-Boot that is obtained from the DHCP server.

Odroid # printenv ipaddr netmask gatewayip dnsip
ipaddr=192.168.1.10
netmask=255.255.255.0
gatewayip=192.168.1.1
dnsip=192.168.1.1

Ping example:
The ping command can be used a test to check connectivity. In this example,
192.168.1.27 is a pingable server in the network.
Odroid # ping 192.168.1.27
Waiting for Ethernet connection... done.
Using sms0 device
host 192.168.1.27 is alive
Odroid #

Static IP assignment:
---------------------
In the case where there are no DHCP servers in the network, or you want to
set the IP address statically, it can be done by:
Odroid # setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.10
Odroid # ping 192.168.1.27
Waiting for Ethernet connection... done.
Using sms0 device
host 192.168.1.27 is alive

TFTP booting:
-------------
Say there exists a tftp server in the network with address 192.168.1.27 and
it serves a kernel image (zImage.3.17) and a DTB blob (exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb)
that needs to be loaded and booted. It can be accomplished as below:
(Assumes that you have setenv usbethaddr, and have not set autoload to no)

Odroid # setenv serverip 192.168.1.27
Odroid # tftpboot 0x40080000 zImage.3.17
Waiting for Ethernet connection... done.
Using sms0 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.27; our IP address is 192.168.1.10
Filename 'zImage.3.17'.
Load address: 0x40080000
Loading: #################################################################
	 #################################################################
	 #################################################################
	 #######################
	 52.7 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 3194200 (30bd58 hex)
Odroid # tftpboot 0x42000000 exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb
Waiting for Ethernet connection... done.
Using sms0 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.27; our IP address is 192.168.1.10
Filename 'exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb'.
Load address: 0x42000000
Loading: ####
	 40 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 46935 (b757 hex)
Odroid # printenv bootargs
bootargs=Please use defined boot
Odroid # setenv bootargs console=ttySAC1,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait
Odroid # bootz 40080000 - 42000000
Kernel image @ 0x40080000 [ 0x000000 - 0x30bd58 ]
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 42000000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x42000000
   Loading Device Tree to 4fff1000, end 4ffff756 ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0xa00
... etc ...

In the above example you can substitute 'dhcp' for 'tftpboot' as well.

USB Storage booting:
--------------------
Similarly we can use the USB storage to load the kernel image/initrd/fdt etc
and boot. For this example, there is a USB drive plugged in. It has a FAT
1st partition and an EXT 2nd partition. Using the generic FS (ls/load) makes
it even easier to work with FAT/EXT file systems.
For this example the second EXT partition is used for booting and as rootfs.
The boot files - kernel and the dtb are present in the /boot directory of the
second partition.

Odroid # usb start
(Re)start USB...
USB0:   USB EHCI 1.00
scanning bus 0 for devices... 4 USB Device(s) found
       scanning usb for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found
       scanning usb for ethernet devices...
Error: sms0 address not set.		<----- Note the error as usbethaddr
Warning: failed to set MAC address	<----- is not set.
1 Ethernet Device(s) found
Odroid # usb part 0

Partition Map for USB device 0  --   Partition Type: DOS

Part	Start Sector	Num Sectors	UUID		Type
  1	3072      	263168    	000c4046-01	06
  2	266240    	13457408  	000c4046-02	83

Odroid # ls usb 0:2 /boot
<DIR>       4096 .
<DIR>       4096 ..
             353 boot.scr
             281 boot.txt
          101420 config-3.8.13.23
         2127254 initrd.img-3.8.13.23
         2194825 uInitrd
         2194825 uInitrd-3.8.13.23
         2453112 zImage
          101448 config-3.8.13.26
         2127670 uInitrd-3.8.13.26
         2127606 initrd.img-3.8.13.26
         3194200 zImage.3.17                    <--- Kernel
           46935 exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb        <--- DTB
Odroid # load usb 0:2 40080000 /boot/zImage.3.17
3194200 bytes read in 471 ms (6.5 MiB/s)
Odroid # load usb 0:2 42000000 /boot/exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb
46935 bytes read in 233 ms (196.3 KiB/s)
Odroid # setenv bootargs console=ttySAC1,115200n8 root=/dev/sda2 rootwait
Odroid # bootz 40080000 - 42000000
Kernel image @ 0x40080000 [ 0x000000 - 0x30bd58 ]
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 42000000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x42000000
   Loading Device Tree to 4fff1000, end 4ffff756 ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0xa00

Please refer to README.usb for additional information.