Add Visual Studio 2012/2013 backends (#8803)

* backends: Add a Visual Studio 2013 backend

This is more-or-less a quick port from the VS2015 backend, except that
we update the Visual Studio version strings and toolset versions
accordingly.  Also correct the generator string for Visual Studio 2015
in mesonbuild/cmake/common.py.

* backend: Add VS2012 backend

Similar to what we did for Visual Studio 2013, add a Visual Studio 2012
backend.

* vs2010backend.py: Implement `link_whole:` if needed

We actually need Visual Studio 2015 Update 2 to use `/WHOLEARCHIVE:`,
which is what we are currently using for `link_whole:` on Visual Studio.
For Visual Studio versions before that, we need to expand from the
static targets that were indicated by `link_whole:`, and any of the
sub-dependent targets that were pulled in via the dependent target's
`link_whole:`.  This wil ensure `link_whole:` would actually work in
such cases.

* vs2010backend.py: Handle objects from generated sources

Unforunately, we can't use backends.determine_ext_objs() reliably, as
the Visual Studio backends handle this differently.

* vs2010backend.py: Fix generating VS2010 projects

Visual Studio 2010 (at least the Express Edition) does not set the envvar
%VisualStudioVersion% in its command prompt, so fix generating VS2010
projects by taking account into this, so that we can determine the location
of vcvarsall.bat correctly.

* whole archive test: Disable on vs2012/2013 backends too

The Visual Studio 2012/2013 IDE has problems handling the items that would be
generated from this test case, so skip this test when using
--backend=vs[2012|2013].  This test does work for the Ninja backend when
VS2012 or VS2013 is used, though.

Consolidate this error message with XCode along with the vs2010 backend.

* docs: Add the new vs2012 and vs2013 backends

Let people know that we have backends for vs2012 and 2013.  Also let
people know that generating Visual Studio 2010 projects have been fixed
and the pre-vs2015 backends now handle the `link_whole:` project option.

10 files changed, 144 insertions, 16 deletions

diff --git a/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md b/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md
index ce33fce..0536e77 100644
--- a/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md
+++ b/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ machine](#specifying-options-per-machine) section for details.
 | Option                               | Default value | Description                                                    | Is per machine | Is per subproject |
 | ------                               | ------------- | -----------                                                    | -------------- | ----------------- |
 | auto_features {enabled, disabled, auto} | auto       | Override value of all 'auto' features                          | no             | no                |
-| backend {ninja, vs,<br>vs2010, vs2015, vs2017, vs2019, xcode} | ninja | Backend to use                                | no             | no                |
+| backend {ninja, vs,<br>vs2010, vs2012, vs2013, vs2015, vs2017, vs2019, xcode} | ninja | Backend to use                | no             | no                |
 | buildtype {plain, debug,<br>debugoptimized, release, minsize, custom} | debug |  Build type to use                    | no             | no                |
 | debug                                | true          | Debug                                                          | no             | no                |
 | default_library {shared, static, both} | shared      | Default library type                                           | no             | yes               |
diff --git a/docs/markdown/Reference-manual.md b/docs/markdown/Reference-manual.md
index de7f9f2..388c975 100644
--- a/docs/markdown/Reference-manual.md
+++ b/docs/markdown/Reference-manual.md
@@ -1984,8 +1984,8 @@ the following methods.
   *used as the `script_name` parameter.
 
 - `backend()` *(since 0.37.0)*: returns a string representing the
-  current backend: `ninja`, `vs2010`, `vs2015`, `vs2017`, `vs2019`,
-  or `xcode`.
+  current backend: `ninja`, `vs2010`, `vs2012`, `vs2013`, `vs2015`,
+  `vs2017`, `vs2019`, or `xcode`.
 
 - `build_root()`: returns a string with the absolute path to the build
   root directory. *(deprecated since 0.56.0)*: this function will return the
diff --git a/docs/markdown/snippets/newvsbackends.md b/docs/markdown/snippets/newvsbackends.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb7437a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/markdown/snippets/newvsbackends.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+## New `vs2012` and `vs2013` backend options
+
+Adds the ability to generate Visual Studio 2012 and 2013 projects.  This is an
+extension to the existing Visual Studio 2010 projects so that it is no longer
+required to manually upgrade the generated Visual Studio 2010 projects.
+
+Generating Visual Studio 2010 projects has also been fixed since its developer
+command prompt does not provide a `%VisualStudioVersion%` envvar.
+
+## Developer environment
+
+Expand the support for the `link_whole:` project option for pre-Visual Studio 2015
+Update 2, where previously Visual Studio 2015 Update 2 or later was required for
+this, for the Ninja backend as well as the vs2010 (as well as the newly-added
+vs2012 and vs2013 backends).
diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py b/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py
index 2652ae6..2239fdd 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py
@@ -199,6 +199,12 @@ def get_backend_from_name(backend: str, build: T.Optional[build.Build] = None, i
     elif backend == 'vs2010':
         from . import vs2010backend
         return vs2010backend.Vs2010Backend(build, interpreter)
+    elif backend == 'vs2012':
+        from . import vs2012backend
+        return vs2012backend.Vs2012Backend(build, interpreter)
+    elif backend == 'vs2013':
+        from . import vs2013backend
+        return vs2013backend.Vs2013Backend(build, interpreter)
     elif backend == 'vs2015':
         from . import vs2015backend
         return vs2015backend.Vs2015Backend(build, interpreter)
diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
index 2d3197a..5595fd0 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from .. import mlog
 from .. import compilers
 from ..interpreter import Interpreter
 from ..mesonlib import (
-    MesonException, python_command, replace_if_different, OptionKey,
+    File, MesonException, python_command, replace_if_different, OptionKey, version_compare,
 )
 from ..environment import Environment, build_filename
 
@@ -37,8 +37,14 @@ def autodetect_vs_version(build: T.Optional[build.Build], interpreter: T.Optiona
     if not vs_install_dir:
         raise MesonException('Could not detect Visual Studio: Environment variable VSINSTALLDIR is not set!\n'
                              'Are you running meson from the Visual Studio Developer Command Prompt?')
-    # VisualStudioVersion is set since Visual Studio 12.0, but sometimes
+    # VisualStudioVersion is set since Visual Studio 11.0, but sometimes
     # vcvarsall.bat doesn't set it, so also use VSINSTALLDIR
+    if vs_version == '11.0' or 'Visual Studio 11' in vs_install_dir:
+        from mesonbuild.backend.vs2012backend import Vs2012Backend
+        return Vs2012Backend(build, interpreter)
+    if vs_version == '12.0' or 'Visual Studio 12' in vs_install_dir:
+        from mesonbuild.backend.vs2013backend import Vs2013Backend
+        return Vs2013Backend(build, interpreter)
     if vs_version == '14.0' or 'Visual Studio 14' in vs_install_dir:
         from mesonbuild.backend.vs2015backend import Vs2015Backend
         return Vs2015Backend(build, interpreter)
@@ -210,7 +216,7 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
         if 'VCINSTALLDIR' in os.environ:
             vs_version = os.environ['VisualStudioVersion'] \
                 if 'VisualStudioVersion' in os.environ else None
-            relative_path = 'Auxiliary\\Build\\' if vs_version >= '15.0' else ''
+            relative_path = 'Auxiliary\\Build\\' if vs_version is not None and vs_version >= '15.0' else ''
             script_path = os.environ['VCINSTALLDIR'] + relative_path + 'vcvarsall.bat'
             if os.path.exists(script_path):
                 if has_arch_values:
@@ -1149,8 +1155,32 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
                 lobj = self.build.targets[t.get_id()]
             linkname = os.path.join(down, self.get_target_filename_for_linking(lobj))
             if t in target.link_whole_targets:
-                # /WHOLEARCHIVE:foo must go into AdditionalOptions
-                extra_link_args += compiler.get_link_whole_for(linkname)
+                if compiler.id == 'msvc' and version_compare(compiler.version, '<19.00.23918'):
+                    # Expand our object lists manually if we are on pre-Visual Studio 2015 Update 2
+                    l = t.extract_all_objects(False)
+
+                    # Unforunately, we can't use self.object_filename_from_source()
+                    gensrclist: T.List[File] = []
+                    for gen in l.genlist:
+                        for src in gen.get_outputs():
+                            if self.environment.is_source(src) and not self.environment.is_header(src):
+                                path = self.get_target_generated_dir(t, gen, src)
+                                gen_src_ext = '.' + os.path.splitext(path)[1][1:]
+                                extra_link_args.append(path[:-len(gen_src_ext)] + '.obj')
+
+                    for src in l.srclist:
+                        obj_basename = None
+                        if self.environment.is_source(src) and not self.environment.is_header(src):
+                            obj_basename = self.object_filename_from_source(t, src)
+                            target_private_dir = self.relpath(self.get_target_private_dir(t),
+                                                              self.get_target_dir(t))
+                            rel_obj = os.path.join(target_private_dir, obj_basename)
+                            extra_link_args.append(rel_obj)
+
+                    extra_link_args.extend(self.flatten_object_list(t))
+                else:
+                    # /WHOLEARCHIVE:foo must go into AdditionalOptions
+                    extra_link_args += compiler.get_link_whole_for(linkname)
                 # To force Visual Studio to build this project even though it
                 # has no sources, we include a reference to the vcxproj file
                 # that builds this target. Technically we should add this only
diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2012backend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2012backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9ba5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2012backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2014-2016 The Meson development team
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from .vs2010backend import Vs2010Backend
+from ..mesonlib import MesonException
+from ..interpreter import Interpreter
+from ..build import Build
+import typing as T
+
+
+class Vs2012Backend(Vs2010Backend):
+    def __init__(self, build: T.Optional[Build], interpreter: T.Optional[Interpreter]):
+        super().__init__(build, interpreter)
+        self.name = 'vs2012'
+        self.vs_version = '2012'
+        if self.environment is not None:
+            # TODO: we assume host == build
+            comps = self.environment.coredata.compilers.host
+            if comps and all(c.id == 'intel-cl' for c in comps.values()):
+                c = list(comps.values())[0]
+                if c.version.startswith('19'):
+                    self.platform_toolset = 'Intel C++ Compiler 19.0'
+                else:
+                    # We don't have support for versions older than 2019 right now.
+                    raise MesonException('There is currently no support for ICL before 19, patches welcome.')
+            if self.platform_toolset is None:
+                self.platform_toolset = 'v110'
diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2013backend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2013backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f2c8bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2013backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2014-2016 The Meson development team
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from .vs2010backend import Vs2010Backend
+from ..mesonlib import MesonException
+from ..interpreter import Interpreter
+from ..build import Build
+import typing as T
+
+
+class Vs2013Backend(Vs2010Backend):
+    def __init__(self, build: T.Optional[Build], interpreter: T.Optional[Interpreter]):
+        super().__init__(build, interpreter)
+        self.name = 'vs2013'
+        self.vs_version = '2013'
+        if self.environment is not None:
+            # TODO: we assume host == build
+            comps = self.environment.coredata.compilers.host
+            if comps and all(c.id == 'intel-cl' for c in comps.values()):
+                c = list(comps.values())[0]
+                if c.version.startswith('19'):
+                    self.platform_toolset = 'Intel C++ Compiler 19.0'
+                else:
+                    # We don't have support for versions older than 2019 right now.
+                    raise MesonException('There is currently no support for ICL before 19, patches welcome.')
+            if self.platform_toolset is None:
+                self.platform_toolset = 'v120'
diff --git a/mesonbuild/cmake/common.py b/mesonbuild/cmake/common.py
index d1f86f0..5cc154c 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/cmake/common.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/cmake/common.py
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ backend_generator_map = {
     'ninja': 'Ninja',
     'xcode': 'Xcode',
     'vs2010': 'Visual Studio 10 2010',
-    'vs2015': 'Visual Studio 15 2017',
+    'vs2012': 'Visual Studio 11 2012',
+    'vs2013': 'Visual Studio 12 2013',
+    'vs2015': 'Visual Studio 14 2015',
     'vs2017': 'Visual Studio 15 2017',
     'vs2019': 'Visual Studio 16 2019',
 }
diff --git a/mesonbuild/coredata.py b/mesonbuild/coredata.py
index 107e4b8..a0ee7df 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/coredata.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/coredata.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ if T.TYPE_CHECKING:
     CompilerCheckCacheKey = T.Tuple[T.Tuple[str, ...], str, str, T.Tuple[str, ...], str]
 
 version = '0.58.999'
-backendlist = ['ninja', 'vs', 'vs2010', 'vs2015', 'vs2017', 'vs2019', 'xcode']
+backendlist = ['ninja', 'vs', 'vs2010', 'vs2012', 'vs2013', 'vs2015', 'vs2017', 'vs2019', 'xcode']
 
 default_yielding = False
 
diff --git a/test cases/common/137 whole archive/meson.build b/test cases/common/137 whole archive/meson.build
index 133146b..d4cbb83 100644
--- a/test cases/common/137 whole archive/meson.build
+++ b/test cases/common/137 whole archive/meson.build
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 project('whole archive', 'c')
 
-if meson.backend() == 'xcode'
-    error('MESON_SKIP_TEST: whole-archive not supported in Xcode. Patches welcome.')
+if meson.backend() == 'xcode' or \
+   meson.backend() == 'vs2010' or \
+   meson.backend() == 'vs2012' or \
+   meson.backend() == 'vs2013'
+    error('MESON_SKIP_TEST: whole-archive not supported in Xcode nor pre-VS2015 IDE. Patches welcome.')
 endif
 
 add_project_arguments('-I' + meson.source_root(), language : 'c')
 
-if meson.backend() == 'vs2010'
-  error('MESON_SKIP_TEST whole-archive not supported in VS2010. Patches welcome.')
-endif
-
 # Test 1: link_whole keeps all symbols
 # Make static func1
 subdir('st_func1')