[DebugInfo][RemoveDIs] Add local-utility plumbing for DPValues (#72276)

This patch re-implements a variety of debug-info maintenence functions
to use DPValues instead of DbgValueInst's: supporting the "new"
non-intrinsic representation of debug-info. As per [0], we need to have
parallel implementations of various utilities for a time, and these are
the most fundamental utilities used throughout the compiler.

I've added --try-experimental-debuginfo-iterators to a variety of RUN
lines: this is a flag that turns on "new debug-info" if it's built into
LLVM, and not otherwise. This should ensure that we have the same
behaviour for the same IR inputs, but using a different internal
representation. For the most part these changes affect SROA/Mem2Reg
promotion of dbg.declares into dbg.value intrinsics (now DPValues),
we're leaving dbg.declares as instructions until later in the day.
There's also some salvaging changes made.

I believe the tests that I've added cover almost all the code being
updated here. The only thing I'm not confident about is SimplifyCFG,
which calls rewriteDebugUsers down a variety of code paths. Those
changes can't immediately get full coverage as an additional patch is
needed that updates handling of Unreachable instructions, will upload
that shortly.

[0]
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-instruction-api-changes-needed-to-eliminate-debug-intrinsics-from-ir/68939/9

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