[libc++][type_traits] Implements "A type trait to detect reference binding to temporary" (#128649)

Implements partially: [P2255R2: A type trait to detect reference binding
to temporary](https://wg21.link/P2255R2)
Issue: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/105180

https://eel.is/c++draft/meta.type.synop
https://eel.is/c++draft/meta.unary.prop

Implented type traits:
- [x] `reference_constructs_from_temporary`
- [x] `reference_converts_from_temporary`

Closes #129049

Minor drive-by tweak to `std::is_implicit_lifetime` tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: Hristo Hristov <zingam@outlook.com>

13 files changed, 337 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/21.rst b/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/21.rst
index c45adba..a1100f0 100644
--- a/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/21.rst
+++ b/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/21.rst
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ Implemented Papers
 - N4258: Cleaning-up noexcept in the Library (`Github <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/99937>`__)
 - P0767R1: Deprecate POD (`Github <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/104013>`__)
 - P1361R2: Integration of chrono with text formatting (`Github <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/100014>`__)
+- P2255R2: A type trait to detect reference binding to temporary (implemented the type traits only) (`Github <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/105180>`)
 
 Improvements and New Features
 -----------------------------
diff --git a/libcxx/docs/Status/Cxx23Papers.csv b/libcxx/docs/Status/Cxx23Papers.csv
index bfaa63a7..0f3db57 100644
--- a/libcxx/docs/Status/Cxx23Papers.csv
+++ b/libcxx/docs/Status/Cxx23Papers.csv
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 "`P0627R6 <https://wg21.link/P0627R6>`__","Function to mark unreachable code","2022-02 (Virtual)","|Complete|","15",""
 "`P1206R7 <https://wg21.link/P1206R7>`__","``ranges::to``: A function to convert any range to a container","2022-02 (Virtual)","|Complete|","17",""
 "`P1413R3 <https://wg21.link/P1413R3>`__","Deprecate ``std::aligned_storage`` and ``std::aligned_union``","2022-02 (Virtual)","|Complete|","","``std::aligned_storage_t`` and ``std::aligned_union_t`` are marked deprecated, but clang doesn't issue a diagnostic for deprecated using template declarations."
-"`P2255R2 <https://wg21.link/P2255R2>`__","A type trait to detect reference binding to temporary","2022-02 (Virtual)","","",""
+"`P2255R2 <https://wg21.link/P2255R2>`__","A type trait to detect reference binding to temporary","2022-02 (Virtual)","|Partial|","","Implemented the type traits only."
 "`P2273R3 <https://wg21.link/P2273R3>`__","Making ``std::unique_ptr`` constexpr","2022-02 (Virtual)","|Complete|","16",""
 "`P2387R3 <https://wg21.link/P2387R3>`__","Pipe support for user-defined range adaptors","2022-02 (Virtual)","|Complete|","19",""
 "`P2440R1 <https://wg21.link/P2440R1>`__","``ranges::iota``, ``ranges::shift_left`` and ``ranges::shift_right``","2022-02 (Virtual)","","",""
diff --git a/libcxx/include/CMakeLists.txt b/libcxx/include/CMakeLists.txt
index ee1d7b8..d7c36d6 100644
--- a/libcxx/include/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libcxx/include/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -867,6 +867,8 @@ set(files
   __type_traits/negation.h
   __type_traits/promote.h
   __type_traits/rank.h
+  __type_traits/reference_constructs_from_temporary.h
+  __type_traits/reference_converts_from_temporary.h
   __type_traits/remove_all_extents.h
   __type_traits/remove_const.h
   __type_traits/remove_const_ref.h
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__type_traits/reference_constructs_from_temporary.h b/libcxx/include/__type_traits/reference_constructs_from_temporary.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1666032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/include/__type_traits/reference_constructs_from_temporary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___TYPE_TRAITS_REFERENCE_CONSTRUCTS_FROM_TEMPORARY_H
+#define _LIBCPP___TYPE_TRAITS_REFERENCE_CONSTRUCTS_FROM_TEMPORARY_H
+
+#include <__config>
+#include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23 && __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary)
+
+template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+struct _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS _LIBCPP_NO_SPECIALIZATIONS reference_constructs_from_temporary
+    : public bool_constant<__reference_constructs_from_temporary(_Tp, _Up)> {};
+
+template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+_LIBCPP_NO_SPECIALIZATIONS inline constexpr bool reference_constructs_from_temporary_v =
+    __reference_constructs_from_temporary(_Tp, _Up);
+
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___TYPE_TRAITS_REFERENCE_CONSTRUCTS_FROM_TEMPORARY_H
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__type_traits/reference_converts_from_temporary.h b/libcxx/include/__type_traits/reference_converts_from_temporary.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..043bdbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/include/__type_traits/reference_converts_from_temporary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___TYPE_TRAITS_REFERENCE_CONVERTS_FROM_TEMPORARY_H
+#define _LIBCPP___TYPE_TRAITS_REFERENCE_CONVERTS_FROM_TEMPORARY_H
+
+#include <__config>
+#include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23 && __has_builtin(__reference_converts_from_temporary)
+
+template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+struct _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS _LIBCPP_NO_SPECIALIZATIONS reference_converts_from_temporary
+    : public bool_constant<__reference_converts_from_temporary(_Tp, _Up)> {};
+
+template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+_LIBCPP_NO_SPECIALIZATIONS inline constexpr bool reference_converts_from_temporary_v =
+    __reference_converts_from_temporary(_Tp, _Up);
+
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___TYPE_TRAITS_REFERENCE_CONVERTS_FROM_TEMPORARY_H
diff --git a/libcxx/include/module.modulemap b/libcxx/include/module.modulemap
index 81c7378..b9964da 100644
--- a/libcxx/include/module.modulemap
+++ b/libcxx/include/module.modulemap
@@ -369,6 +369,14 @@ module std_core [system] {
     module negation                                   { header "__type_traits/negation.h" }
     module promote                                    { header "__type_traits/promote.h" }
     module rank                                       { header "__type_traits/rank.h" }
+    module reference_constructs_from_temporary {
+      header "__type_traits/reference_constructs_from_temporary.h"
+      export std_core.type_traits.integral_constant
+    }
+    module reference_converts_from_temporary {
+      header "__type_traits/reference_converts_from_temporary.h"
+      export std_core.type_traits.integral_constant
+    }
     module remove_all_extents                         { header "__type_traits/remove_all_extents.h" }
     module remove_const_ref                           { header "__type_traits/remove_const_ref.h" }
     module remove_const                               { header "__type_traits/remove_const.h" }
diff --git a/libcxx/include/type_traits b/libcxx/include/type_traits
index 772e4cb..e09a911 100644
--- a/libcxx/include/type_traits
+++ b/libcxx/include/type_traits
@@ -143,6 +143,9 @@ namespace std
 
     template<class T> struct has_unique_object_representations;         // C++17
 
+    template<class T, class U> struct reference_constructs_from_temporary; // Since C++23
+    template<class T, class U> struct reference_converts_from_temporary;   // Since C++23
+
     // Relationships between types:
     template <class T, class U> struct is_same;
     template <class Base, class Derived> struct is_base_of;
@@ -382,6 +385,12 @@ namespace std
         = has_virtual_destructor<T>::value;                              // C++17
       template<class T> inline constexpr bool has_unique_object_representations_v // C++17
         = has_unique_object_representations<T>::value;
+      template<class T, class U>
+        constexpr bool reference_constructs_from_temporary_v
+          = reference_constructs_from_temporary<T, U>::value;            // Since C++23
+      template<class T, class U>
+        constexpr bool reference_converts_from_temporary_v
+          = reference_converts_from_temporary<T, U>::value;              // Since C++23
 
       // See C++14 20.10.5, type property queries
       template <class T> inline constexpr size_t alignment_of_v
@@ -523,6 +532,8 @@ namespace std
 
 #  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
 #    include <__type_traits/is_implicit_lifetime.h>
+#    include <__type_traits/reference_constructs_from_temporary.h>
+#    include <__type_traits/reference_converts_from_temporary.h>
 #  endif
 
 #  include <version>
diff --git a/libcxx/modules/std/type_traits.inc b/libcxx/modules/std/type_traits.inc
index f544f95..6823c86 100644
--- a/libcxx/modules/std/type_traits.inc
+++ b/libcxx/modules/std/type_traits.inc
@@ -106,8 +106,14 @@ export namespace std {
 
   using std::has_unique_object_representations;
 
-  // using std::reference_constructs_from_temporary;
-  // using std::reference_converts_from_temporary;
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
+#  if __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary)
+  using std::reference_constructs_from_temporary;
+#  endif
+#  if __has_builtin(__reference_converts_from_temporary)
+  using std::reference_converts_from_temporary;
+#  endif
+#endif
 
   // [meta.unary.prop.query], type property queries
   using std::alignment_of;
@@ -284,8 +290,14 @@ export namespace std {
   using std::is_unbounded_array_v;
   using std::is_unsigned_v;
   using std::is_volatile_v;
-  // using std::reference_constructs_from_temporary_v;
-  // using std::reference_converts_from_temporary_v;
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
+#  if __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary)
+  using std::reference_constructs_from_temporary_v;
+#  endif
+#  if __has_builtin(__reference_converts_from_temporary)
+  using std::reference_converts_from_temporary_v;
+#  endif
+#endif
 
   // [meta.unary.prop.query], type property queries
   using std::alignment_of_v;
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/common.h b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/common.h
index be9149d..b514449 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/common.h
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/common.h
@@ -39,9 +39,52 @@ struct A {
   A& operator=(const A&);
 };
 
-class Abstract
-{
-    virtual ~Abstract() = 0;
+class Abstract {
+  virtual ~Abstract() = 0;
 };
 
+// Types for reference_{constructs/converts}_from_temporary
+
+#if TEST_STD_VER >= 23
+
+class NonPODClass {
+public:
+  NonPODClass(int);
+};
+enum Enum { EV };
+struct Base {
+  Enum e;
+  int i;
+  float f;
+  NonPODClass* p;
+};
+// Not PODs
+struct Derived : Base {};
+
+template <class T, class RefType = T&>
+class ConvertsToRef {
+public:
+  operator RefType() const { return static_cast<RefType>(obj); }
+  mutable T obj = 42;
+};
+template <class T, class RefType = T&>
+class ConvertsToRefPrivate {
+  operator RefType() const { return static_cast<RefType>(obj); }
+  mutable T obj = 42;
+};
+
+class ExplicitConversionRvalueRef {
+public:
+  operator int();
+  explicit operator int&&();
+};
+
+class ExplicitConversionRef {
+public:
+  operator int();
+  explicit operator int&();
+};
+
+#endif
+
 #endif // TEST_META_UNARY_COMP_COMMON_H
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.pass.cpp
index 681ad13..24adec3 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.pass.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.pass.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
 
 // These compilers don't support __builtin_is_implicit_lifetime yet.
-// UNSUPPORTED: clang-18, clang-19, gcc-14, apple-clang-15, apple-clang-16, apple-clang-17
+// UNSUPPORTED: clang-18, clang-19, gcc-14, apple-clang-15, apple-clang-16
 
 // <type_traits>
 
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.verify.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.verify.cpp
index 34462f9..4bcb10d 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.verify.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/is_implicit_lifetime.verify.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
 
 // These compilers don't support __builtin_is_implicit_lifetime yet.
-// UNSUPPORTED: clang-18, clang-19, gcc-14, apple-clang-15, apple-clang-16, apple-clang-17
+// UNSUPPORTED: clang-18, clang-19, gcc-14, apple-clang-15, apple-clang-16
 
 // <type_traits>
 
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/reference_constructs_from_temporary.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/reference_constructs_from_temporary.pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b3753c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/reference_constructs_from_temporary.pass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// REQUIRES: std-at-least-c++23
+
+// These compilers don't support std::reference_converts_from_temporary yet.
+// UNSUPPORTED: android, apple-clang-15, apple-clang-16, clang-19.1
+
+// <type_traits>
+
+// template<class T, class U> struct reference_constructs_from_temporary;
+
+// template<class T, class U>
+// constexpr bool reference_constructs_from_temporary_v
+//   = reference_constructs_from_temporary<T, U>::value;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+template <typename T, typename U, bool Expected>
+constexpr void test_reference_constructs_from_temporary() {
+  assert((std::reference_constructs_from_temporary<T, U>::value == Expected));
+  assert((std::reference_constructs_from_temporary_v<T, U> == Expected));
+}
+
+constexpr bool test() {
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&, int&, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&, int&, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&, int&&, false>();
+
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, int&, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, const int&, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, int&&, false>();
+
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&, long&, false>(); // doesn't construct
+
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, long&, true>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, long&&, true>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, long&, true>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<int&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&>>));
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&>, false>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<int&&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&&>>));
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&&>, false>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<const int&, ConvertsToRef<int, const int&>>));
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, ConvertsToRef<int, const int&>, false>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<const int&, ConvertsToRef<long, long&>>));
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, ConvertsToRef<long, long&>, true>();
+#ifndef TEST_COMPILER_GCC
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, ConvertsToRefPrivate<long, long&>, false>();
+#endif
+
+  // Test that it doesn't accept non-reference types as input.
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int, long, false>();
+
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, long, true>();
+
+  // Additional checks
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const Base&, Derived, true>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, int, true>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, int, true>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, int&&, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, int&&, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, long&&, true>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, long, true>();
+
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&, ExplicitConversionRef, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<const int&, ExplicitConversionRef, false>();
+  test_reference_constructs_from_temporary<int&&, ExplicitConversionRvalueRef, false>();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+int main(int, char**) {
+  test();
+  static_assert(test());
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/reference_converts_from_temporary.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/reference_converts_from_temporary.pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..849e286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/utilities/meta/meta.unary/meta.unary.prop/reference_converts_from_temporary.pass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// REQUIRES: std-at-least-c++23
+
+// These compilers don't support std::reference_converts_from_temporary yet.
+// UNSUPPORTED: android, apple-clang-15, apple-clang-16, clang-18, clang-19.1
+
+// <type_traits>
+
+// template<class T, class U> struct reference_converts_from_temporary;
+
+// template<class T, class U>
+// constexpr bool reference_converts_from_temporary_v
+//   = reference_converts_from_temporary<T, U>::value;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+template <typename T, typename U, bool Expected>
+constexpr void test_reference_converts_from_temporary() {
+  assert((std::reference_converts_from_temporary<T, U>::value == Expected));
+  assert((std::reference_converts_from_temporary_v<T, U> == Expected));
+}
+
+constexpr bool test() {
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&, int&, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&, int&, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&, int&&, false>();
+
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, int&, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, const int&, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, int&&, false>();
+
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&, long&, false>(); // doesn't construct
+
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, long&, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, long&&, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, long&, true>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<int&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&>>));
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&>, false>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<int&&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&&>>));
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, ConvertsToRef<int, int&&>, false>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<const int&, ConvertsToRef<int, const int&>>));
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, ConvertsToRef<int, const int&>, false>();
+
+  assert((std::is_constructible_v<const int&, ConvertsToRef<long, long&>>));
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, ConvertsToRef<long, long&>, true>();
+#ifndef TEST_COMPILER_GCC
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, ConvertsToRefPrivate<long, long&>, false>();
+#endif
+
+  // Test that it doesn't accept non-reference types as input.
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int, long, false>();
+
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, long, true>();
+
+  // Additional checks
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const Base&, Derived, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, int, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, int, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, int&&, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, int&&, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, long&&, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, long, true>();
+
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&, ExplicitConversionRef, false>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<const int&, ExplicitConversionRef, true>();
+  test_reference_converts_from_temporary<int&&, ExplicitConversionRvalueRef, true>();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+int main(int, char**) {
+  test();
+  static_assert(test());
+
+  return 0;
+}