path: root/gdb/value.h

/* Definitions for values of C expressions, for GDB.

   Copyright (C) 1986-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#if !defined (VALUE_H)
#define VALUE_H 1

#include "frame.h"		/* For struct frame_id.  */
#include "extension.h"
#include "gdbsupport/gdb_ref_ptr.h"
#include "gmp-utils.h"

struct block;
struct expression;
struct regcache;
struct symbol;
struct type;
struct ui_file;
struct language_defn;
struct value_print_options;

/* Values can be partially 'optimized out' and/or 'unavailable'.
   These are distinct states and have different string representations
   and related error strings.

   'unavailable' has a specific meaning in this context.  It means the
   value exists in the program (at the machine level), but GDB has no
   means to get to it.  Such a value is normally printed as
   <unavailable>.  Examples of how to end up with an unavailable value
   would be:

    - We're inspecting a traceframe, and the memory or registers the
      debug information says the value lives on haven't been collected.

    - We're inspecting a core dump, the memory or registers the debug
      information says the value lives aren't present in the dump
      (that is, we have a partial/trimmed core dump, or we don't fully
      understand/handle the core dump's format).

    - We're doing live debugging, but the debug API has no means to
      get at where the value lives in the machine, like e.g., ptrace
      not having access to some register or register set.

    - Any other similar scenario.

  OTOH, "optimized out" is about what the compiler decided to generate
  (or not generate).  A chunk of a value that was optimized out does
  not actually exist in the program.  There's no way to get at it
  short of compiling the program differently.

  A register that has not been saved in a frame is likewise considered
  optimized out, except not-saved registers have a different string
  representation and related error strings.  E.g., we'll print them as
  <not-saved> instead of <optimized out>, as in:

    (gdb) p/x $rax
    $1 = <not saved>
    (gdb) info registers rax
    rax            <not saved>

  If the debug info describes a variable as being in such a register,
  we'll still print the variable as <optimized out>.  IOW, <not saved>
  is reserved for inspecting registers at the machine level.

  When comparing value contents, optimized out chunks, unavailable
  chunks, and valid contents data are all considered different.  See
  value_contents_eq for more info.
*/

extern bool overload_resolution;

/* The structure which defines the type of a value.  It should never
   be possible for a program lval value to survive over a call to the
   inferior (i.e. to be put into the history list or an internal
   variable).  */

struct value;

/* Increase VAL's reference count.  */

extern void value_incref (struct value *val);

/* Decrease VAL's reference count.  When the reference count drops to
   0, VAL will be freed.  */

extern void value_decref (struct value *val);

/* A policy class to interface gdb::ref_ptr with struct value.  */

struct value_ref_policy
{
  static void incref (struct value *ptr)
  {
    value_incref (ptr);
  }

  static void decref (struct value *ptr)
  {
    value_decref (ptr);
  }
};

/* A gdb:;ref_ptr pointer to a struct value.  */

typedef gdb::ref_ptr<struct value, value_ref_policy> value_ref_ptr;

/* Values are stored in a chain, so that they can be deleted easily
   over calls to the inferior.  Values assigned to internal variables,
   put into the value history or exposed to Python are taken off this
   list.  */

struct value *value_next (const struct value *);

/* Type of the value.  */

extern struct type *value_type (const struct value *);

/* Return the gdbarch associated with the value. */

extern struct gdbarch *get_value_arch (const struct value *value);

/* This is being used to change the type of an existing value, that
   code should instead be creating a new value with the changed type
   (but possibly shared content).  */

extern void deprecated_set_value_type (struct value *value,
				       struct type *type);

/* Only used for bitfields; number of bits contained in them.  */

extern LONGEST value_bitsize (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_bitsize (struct value *, LONGEST bit);

/* Only used for bitfields; position of start of field.  For
   little-endian targets, it is the position of the LSB.  For
   big-endian targets, it is the position of the MSB.  */

extern LONGEST value_bitpos (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_bitpos (struct value *, LONGEST bit);

/* Only used for bitfields; the containing value.  This allows a
   single read from the target when displaying multiple
   bitfields.  */

struct value *value_parent (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_parent (struct value *value, struct value *parent);

/* Describes offset of a value within lval of a structure in bytes.
   If lval == lval_memory, this is an offset to the address.  If lval
   == lval_register, this is a further offset from location.address
   within the registers structure.  Note also the member
   embedded_offset below.  */

extern LONGEST value_offset (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_offset (struct value *, LONGEST offset);

/* The comment from "struct value" reads: ``Is it modifiable?  Only
   relevant if lval != not_lval.''.  Shouldn't the value instead be
   not_lval and be done with it?  */

extern int deprecated_value_modifiable (const struct value *value);

/* If a value represents a C++ object, then the `type' field gives the
   object's compile-time type.  If the object actually belongs to some
   class derived from `type', perhaps with other base classes and
   additional members, then `type' is just a subobject of the real
   thing, and the full object is probably larger than `type' would
   suggest.

   If `type' is a dynamic class (i.e. one with a vtable), then GDB can
   actually determine the object's run-time type by looking at the
   run-time type information in the vtable.  When this information is
   available, we may elect to read in the entire object, for several
   reasons:

   - When printing the value, the user would probably rather see the
     full object, not just the limited portion apparent from the
     compile-time type.

   - If `type' has virtual base classes, then even printing `type'
     alone may require reaching outside the `type' portion of the
     object to wherever the virtual base class has been stored.

   When we store the entire object, `enclosing_type' is the run-time
   type -- the complete object -- and `embedded_offset' is the offset
   of `type' within that larger type, in bytes.  The value_contents()
   macro takes `embedded_offset' into account, so most GDB code
   continues to see the `type' portion of the value, just as the
   inferior would.

   If `type' is a pointer to an object, then `enclosing_type' is a
   pointer to the object's run-time type, and `pointed_to_offset' is
   the offset in bytes from the full object to the pointed-to object
   -- that is, the value `embedded_offset' would have if we followed
   the pointer and fetched the complete object.  (I don't really see
   the point.  Why not just determine the run-time type when you
   indirect, and avoid the special case?  The contents don't matter
   until you indirect anyway.)

   If we're not doing anything fancy, `enclosing_type' is equal to
   `type', and `embedded_offset' is zero, so everything works
   normally.  */

extern struct type *value_enclosing_type (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_enclosing_type (struct value *val,
				      struct type *new_type);

/* Returns value_type or value_enclosing_type depending on
   value_print_options.objectprint.

   If RESOLVE_SIMPLE_TYPES is 0 the enclosing type will be resolved
   only for pointers and references, else it will be returned
   for all the types (e.g. structures).  This option is useful
   to prevent retrieving enclosing type for the base classes fields.

   REAL_TYPE_FOUND is used to inform whether the real type was found
   (or just static type was used).  The NULL may be passed if it is not
   necessary. */

extern struct type *value_actual_type (struct value *value,
				       int resolve_simple_types,
				       int *real_type_found);

extern LONGEST value_pointed_to_offset (const struct value *value);
extern void set_value_pointed_to_offset (struct value *value, LONGEST val);
extern LONGEST value_embedded_offset (const struct value *value);
extern void set_value_embedded_offset (struct value *value, LONGEST val);

/* For lval_computed values, this structure holds functions used to
   retrieve and set the value (or portions of the value).

   For each function, 'V' is the 'this' pointer: an lval_funcs
   function F may always assume that the V it receives is an
   lval_computed value, and has F in the appropriate slot of its
   lval_funcs structure.  */

struct lval_funcs
{
  /* Fill in VALUE's contents.  This is used to "un-lazy" values.  If
     a problem arises in obtaining VALUE's bits, this function should
     call 'error'.  If it is NULL value_fetch_lazy on "un-lazy"
     non-optimized-out value is an internal error.  */
  void (*read) (struct value *v);

  /* Handle an assignment TOVAL = FROMVAL by writing the value of
     FROMVAL to TOVAL's location.  The contents of TOVAL have not yet
     been updated.  If a problem arises in doing so, this function
     should call 'error'.  If it is NULL such TOVAL assignment is an error as
     TOVAL is not considered as an lvalue.  */
  void (*write) (struct value *toval, struct value *fromval);

  /* Return true if any part of V is optimized out, false otherwise.
     This will only be called for lazy values -- if the value has been
     fetched, then the value's optimized-out bits are consulted
     instead.  */
  bool (*is_optimized_out) (struct value *v);

  /* If non-NULL, this is used to implement pointer indirection for
     this value.  This method may return NULL, in which case value_ind
     will fall back to ordinary indirection.  */
  struct value *(*indirect) (struct value *value);

  /* If non-NULL, this is used to implement reference resolving for
     this value.  This method may return NULL, in which case coerce_ref
     will fall back to ordinary references resolving.  */
  struct value *(*coerce_ref) (const struct value *value);

  /* If non-NULL, this is used to determine whether the indicated bits
     of VALUE are a synthetic pointer.  */
  int (*check_synthetic_pointer) (const struct value *value,
				  LONGEST offset, int length);

  /* Return a duplicate of VALUE's closure, for use in a new value.
     This may simply return the same closure, if VALUE's is
     reference-counted or statically allocated.

     This may be NULL, in which case VALUE's closure is re-used in the
     new value.  */
  void *(*copy_closure) (const struct value *v);

  /* Drop VALUE's reference to its closure.  Maybe this frees the
     closure; maybe this decrements a reference count; maybe the
     closure is statically allocated and this does nothing.

     This may be NULL, in which case no action is taken to free
     VALUE's closure.  */
  void (*free_closure) (struct value *v);
};

/* Create a computed lvalue, with type TYPE, function pointers FUNCS,
   and closure CLOSURE.  */

extern struct value *allocate_computed_value (struct type *type,
					      const struct lval_funcs *funcs,
					      void *closure);

extern struct value *allocate_optimized_out_value (struct type *type);

/* If VALUE is lval_computed, return its lval_funcs structure.  */

extern const struct lval_funcs *value_computed_funcs (const struct value *);

/* If VALUE is lval_computed, return its closure.  The meaning of the
   returned value depends on the functions VALUE uses.  */

extern void *value_computed_closure (const struct value *value);

/* If zero, contents of this value are in the contents field.  If
   nonzero, contents are in inferior.  If the lval field is lval_memory,
   the contents are in inferior memory at location.address plus offset.
   The lval field may also be lval_register.

   WARNING: This field is used by the code which handles watchpoints
   (see breakpoint.c) to decide whether a particular value can be
   watched by hardware watchpoints.  If the lazy flag is set for some
   member of a value chain, it is assumed that this member of the
   chain doesn't need to be watched as part of watching the value
   itself.  This is how GDB avoids watching the entire struct or array
   when the user wants to watch a single struct member or array
   element.  If you ever change the way lazy flag is set and reset, be
   sure to consider this use as well!  */

extern int value_lazy (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_lazy (struct value *value, int val);

extern int value_stack (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_stack (struct value *value, int val);

/* Throw an error complaining that the value has been optimized
   out.  */

extern void error_value_optimized_out (void);

/* value_contents() and value_contents_raw() both return the address
   of the gdb buffer used to hold a copy of the contents of the lval.
   value_contents() is used when the contents of the buffer are needed
   -- it uses value_fetch_lazy() to load the buffer from the process
   being debugged if it hasn't already been loaded
   (value_contents_writeable() is used when a writeable but fetched
   buffer is required)..  value_contents_raw() is used when data is
   being stored into the buffer, or when it is certain that the
   contents of the buffer are valid.

   Note: The contents pointer is adjusted by the offset required to
   get to the real subobject, if the value happens to represent
   something embedded in a larger run-time object.  */

extern gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> value_contents_raw (struct value *);

/* Actual contents of the value.  For use of this value; setting it
   uses the stuff above.  Not valid if lazy is nonzero.  Target
   byte-order.  We force it to be aligned properly for any possible
   value.  Note that a value therefore extends beyond what is
   declared here.  */

extern gdb::array_view<const gdb_byte> value_contents (struct value *);
extern gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> value_contents_writeable (struct value *);

/* The ALL variants of the above two macros do not adjust the returned
   pointer by the embedded_offset value.  */

extern gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> value_contents_all_raw (struct value *);
extern gdb::array_view<const gdb_byte> value_contents_all (struct value *);

/* Like value_contents_all, but does not require that the returned
   bits be valid.  This should only be used in situations where you
   plan to check the validity manually.  */
extern gdb::array_view<const gdb_byte> value_contents_for_printing (struct value *value);

/* Like value_contents_for_printing, but accepts a constant value
   pointer.  Unlike value_contents_for_printing however, the pointed
   value must _not_ be lazy.  */
extern gdb::array_view<const gdb_byte>
  value_contents_for_printing_const (const struct value *value);

extern void value_fetch_lazy (struct value *val);

/* If nonzero, this is the value of a variable which does not actually
   exist in the program, at least partially.  If the value is lazy,
   this may fetch it now.  */
extern int value_optimized_out (struct value *value);

/* Given a value, return true if any of the contents bits starting at
   OFFSET and extending for LENGTH bits is optimized out, false
   otherwise.  */

extern int value_bits_any_optimized_out (const struct value *value,
					 int bit_offset, int bit_length);

/* Like value_optimized_out, but return true iff the whole value is
   optimized out.  */
extern int value_entirely_optimized_out (struct value *value);

/* Mark VALUE's content bytes starting at OFFSET and extending for
   LENGTH bytes as optimized out.  */

extern void mark_value_bytes_optimized_out (struct value *value,
					    int offset, int length);

/* Mark VALUE's content bits starting at OFFSET and extending for
   LENGTH bits as optimized out.  */

extern void mark_value_bits_optimized_out (struct value *value,
					   LONGEST offset, LONGEST length);

/* Set or return field indicating whether a variable is initialized or
   not, based on debugging information supplied by the compiler.
   1 = initialized; 0 = uninitialized.  */
extern int value_initialized (const struct value *);
extern void set_value_initialized (struct value *, int);

/* Set COMPONENT's location as appropriate for a component of WHOLE
   --- regardless of what kind of lvalue WHOLE is.  */
extern void set_value_component_location (struct value *component,
					  const struct value *whole);

/* While the following fields are per- VALUE .CONTENT .PIECE (i.e., a
   single value might have multiple LVALs), this hacked interface is
   limited to just the first PIECE.  Expect further change.  */
/* Type of value; either not an lval, or one of the various different
   possible kinds of lval.  */
extern enum lval_type *deprecated_value_lval_hack (struct value *);
#define VALUE_LVAL(val) (*deprecated_value_lval_hack (val))

/* Like VALUE_LVAL, except the parameter can be const.  */
extern enum lval_type value_lval_const (const struct value *value);

/* If lval == lval_memory, return the address in the inferior.  If
   lval == lval_register, return the byte offset into the registers
   structure.  Otherwise, return 0.  The returned address
   includes the offset, if any.  */
extern CORE_ADDR value_address (const struct value *);

/* Like value_address, except the result does not include value's
   offset.  */
extern CORE_ADDR value_raw_address (const struct value *);

/* Set the address of a value.  */
extern void set_value_address (struct value *, CORE_ADDR);

/* Pointer to internal variable.  */
extern struct internalvar **deprecated_value_internalvar_hack (struct value *);
#define VALUE_INTERNALVAR(val) (*deprecated_value_internalvar_hack (val))

/* Frame ID of "next" frame to which a register value is relative.  A
   register value is indicated by VALUE_LVAL being set to lval_register.
   So, if the register value is found relative to frame F, then the
   frame id of F->next will be stored in VALUE_NEXT_FRAME_ID.  */
extern struct frame_id *deprecated_value_next_frame_id_hack (struct value *);
#define VALUE_NEXT_FRAME_ID(val) (*deprecated_value_next_frame_id_hack (val))

/* Register number if the value is from a register.  */
extern int *deprecated_value_regnum_hack (struct value *);
#define VALUE_REGNUM(val) (*deprecated_value_regnum_hack (val))

/* Return value after lval_funcs->coerce_ref (after check_typedef).  Return
   NULL if lval_funcs->coerce_ref is not applicable for whatever reason.  */

extern struct value *coerce_ref_if_computed (const struct value *arg);

/* Setup a new value type and enclosing value type for dereferenced value VALUE.
   ENC_TYPE is the new enclosing type that should be set.  ORIGINAL_TYPE and
   ORIGINAL_VAL are the type and value of the original reference or
   pointer.  ORIGINAL_VALUE_ADDRESS is the address within VALUE, that is
   the address that was dereferenced.

   Note, that VALUE is modified by this function.

   It is a common implementation for coerce_ref and value_ind.  */

extern struct value * readjust_indirect_value_type (struct value *value,
						    struct type *enc_type,
						    const struct type *original_type,
						    struct value *original_val,
						    CORE_ADDR original_value_address);

/* Convert a REF to the object referenced.  */

extern struct value *coerce_ref (struct value *value);

/* If ARG is an array, convert it to a pointer.
   If ARG is a function, convert it to a function pointer.

   References are dereferenced.  */

extern struct value *coerce_array (struct value *value);

/* Given a value, determine whether the bits starting at OFFSET and
   extending for LENGTH bits are a synthetic pointer.  */

extern int value_bits_synthetic_pointer (const struct value *value,
					 LONGEST offset, LONGEST length);

/* Given a value, determine whether the contents bytes starting at
   OFFSET and extending for LENGTH bytes are available.  This returns
   nonzero if all bytes in the given range are available, zero if any
   byte is unavailable.  */

extern int value_bytes_available (const struct value *value,
				  LONGEST offset, LONGEST length);

/* Given a value, determine whether the contents bits starting at
   OFFSET and extending for LENGTH bits are available.  This returns
   nonzero if all bits in the given range are available, zero if any
   bit is unavailable.  */

extern int value_bits_available (const struct value *value,
				 LONGEST offset, LONGEST length);

/* Like value_bytes_available, but return false if any byte in the
   whole object is unavailable.  */
extern int value_entirely_available (struct value *value);

/* Like value_entirely_available, but return false if any byte in the
   whole object is available.  */
extern int value_entirely_unavailable (struct value *value);

/* Mark VALUE's content bytes starting at OFFSET and extending for
   LENGTH bytes as unavailable.  */

extern void mark_value_bytes_unavailable (struct value *value,
					  LONGEST offset, LONGEST length);

/* Mark VALUE's content bits starting at OFFSET and extending for
   LENGTH bits as unavailable.  */

extern void mark_value_bits_unavailable (struct value *value,
					 LONGEST offset, LONGEST length);

/* Compare LENGTH bytes of VAL1's contents starting at OFFSET1 with
   LENGTH bytes of VAL2's contents starting at OFFSET2.

   Note that "contents" refers to the whole value's contents
   (value_contents_all), without any embedded offset adjustment.  For
   example, to compare a complete object value with itself, including
   its enclosing type chunk, you'd do:

     int len = TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (value_enclosing_type (val)));
     value_contents_eq (val, 0, val, 0, len);

   Returns true iff the set of available/valid contents match.

   Optimized-out contents are equal to optimized-out contents, and are
   not equal to non-optimized-out contents.

   Unavailable contents are equal to unavailable contents, and are not
   equal to non-unavailable contents.

   For example, if 'x's represent an unavailable byte, and 'V' and 'Z'
   represent different available/valid bytes, in a value with length
   16:

     offset:   0   4   8   12  16
     contents: xxxxVVVVxxxxVVZZ

   then:

     value_contents_eq(val, 0, val, 8, 6) => true
     value_contents_eq(val, 0, val, 4, 4) => false
     value_contents_eq(val, 0, val, 8, 8) => false
     value_contents_eq(val, 4, val, 12, 2) => true
     value_contents_eq(val, 4, val, 12, 4) => true
     value_contents_eq(val, 3, val, 4, 4) => true

   If 'x's represent an unavailable byte, 'o' represents an optimized
   out byte, in a value with length 8:

     offset:   0   4   8
     contents: xxxxoooo

   then:

     value_contents_eq(val, 0, val, 2, 2) => true
     value_contents_eq(val, 4, val, 6, 2) => true
     value_contents_eq(val, 0, val, 4, 4) => true

   We only know whether a value chunk is unavailable or optimized out
   if we've tried to read it.  As this routine is used by printing
   routines, which may be printing values in the value history, long
   after the inferior is gone, it works with const values.  Therefore,
   this routine must not be called with lazy values.  */

extern bool value_contents_eq (const struct value *val1, LONGEST offset1,
			       const struct value *val2, LONGEST offset2,
			       LONGEST length);

/* Read LENGTH addressable memory units starting at MEMADDR into BUFFER,
   which is (or will be copied to) VAL's contents buffer offset by
   BIT_OFFSET bits.  Marks value contents ranges as unavailable if
   the corresponding memory is likewise unavailable.  STACK indicates
   whether the memory is known to be stack memory.  */

extern void read_value_memory (struct value *val, LONGEST bit_offset,
			       int stack, CORE_ADDR memaddr,
			       gdb_byte *buffer, size_t length);

/* Cast SCALAR_VALUE to the element type of VECTOR_TYPE, then replicate
   into each element of a new vector value with VECTOR_TYPE.  */

struct value *value_vector_widen (struct value *scalar_value,
				  struct type *vector_type);



#include "symtab.h"
#include "gdbtypes.h"
#include "expression.h"

struct frame_info;
struct fn_field;

extern int print_address_demangle (const struct value_print_options *,
				   struct gdbarch *, CORE_ADDR,
				   struct ui_file *, int);

/* Returns true if VAL is of floating-point type.  In addition,
   throws an error if the value is an invalid floating-point value.  */
extern bool is_floating_value (struct value *val);

extern LONGEST value_as_long (struct value *val);
extern CORE_ADDR value_as_address (struct value *val);

extern LONGEST unpack_long (struct type *type, const gdb_byte *valaddr);
extern CORE_ADDR unpack_pointer (struct type *type, const gdb_byte *valaddr);

extern LONGEST unpack_field_as_long (struct type *type,
				     const gdb_byte *valaddr,
				     int fieldno);

/* Unpack a bitfield of the specified FIELD_TYPE, from the object at
   VALADDR, and store the result in *RESULT.
   The bitfield starts at BITPOS bits and contains BITSIZE bits; if
   BITSIZE is zero, then the length is taken from FIELD_TYPE.

   Extracting bits depends on endianness of the machine.  Compute the
   number of least significant bits to discard.  For big endian machines,
   we compute the total number of bits in the anonymous object, subtract
   off the bit count from the MSB of the object to the MSB of the
   bitfield, then the size of the bitfield, which leaves the LSB discard
   count.  For little endian machines, the discard count is simply the
   number of bits from the LSB of the anonymous object to the LSB of the
   bitfield.

   If the field is signed, we also do sign extension.  */

extern LONGEST unpack_bits_as_long (struct type *field_type,
				    const gdb_byte *valaddr,
				    LONGEST bitpos, LONGEST bitsize);

extern int unpack_value_field_as_long (struct type *type, const gdb_byte *valaddr,
				LONGEST embedded_offset, int fieldno,
				const struct value *val, LONGEST *result);

extern void unpack_value_bitfield (struct value *dest_val,
				   LONGEST bitpos, LONGEST bitsize,
				   const gdb_byte *valaddr,
				   LONGEST embedded_offset,
				   const struct value *val);

extern struct value *value_field_bitfield (struct type *type, int fieldno,
					   const gdb_byte *valaddr,
					   LONGEST embedded_offset,
					   const struct value *val);

extern void pack_long (gdb_byte *buf, struct type *type, LONGEST num);

extern struct value *value_from_longest (struct type *type, LONGEST num);
extern struct value *value_from_ulongest (struct type *type, ULONGEST num);
extern struct value *value_from_pointer (struct type *type, CORE_ADDR addr);
extern struct value *value_from_host_double (struct type *type, double d);
extern struct value *value_from_history_ref (const char *, const char **);
extern struct value *value_from_component (struct value *, struct type *,
					   LONGEST);

extern struct value *value_at (struct type *type, CORE_ADDR addr);
extern struct value *value_at_lazy (struct type *type, CORE_ADDR addr);

extern struct value *value_from_contents_and_address_unresolved
     (struct type *, const gdb_byte *, CORE_ADDR);
extern struct value *value_from_contents_and_address (struct type *,
						      const gdb_byte *,
						      CORE_ADDR);
extern struct value *value_from_contents (struct type *, const gdb_byte *);

extern struct value *default_value_from_register (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
						  struct type *type,
						  int regnum,
						  struct frame_id frame_id);

extern void read_frame_register_value (struct value *value,
				       struct frame_info *frame);

extern struct value *value_from_register (struct type *type, int regnum,
					  struct frame_info *frame);

extern CORE_ADDR address_from_register (int regnum,
					struct frame_info *frame);

extern struct value *value_of_variable (struct symbol *var,
					const struct block *b);

extern struct value *address_of_variable (struct symbol *var,
					  const struct block *b);

extern struct value *value_of_register (int regnum, struct frame_info *frame);

struct value *value_of_register_lazy (struct frame_info *frame, int regnum);

/* Return the symbol's reading requirement.  */

extern enum symbol_needs_kind symbol_read_needs (struct symbol *);

/* Return true if the symbol needs a frame.  This is a wrapper for
   symbol_read_needs that simply checks for SYMBOL_NEEDS_FRAME.  */

extern int symbol_read_needs_frame (struct symbol *);

extern struct value *read_var_value (struct symbol *var,
				     const struct block *var_block,
				     struct frame_info *frame);

extern struct value *allocate_value (struct type *type);
extern struct value *allocate_value_lazy (struct type *type);
extern void value_contents_copy (struct value *dst, LONGEST dst_offset,
				 struct value *src, LONGEST src_offset,
				 LONGEST length);

extern struct value *allocate_repeat_value (struct type *type, int count);

extern struct value *value_mark (void);

extern void value_free_to_mark (const struct value *mark);

/* A helper class that uses value_mark at construction time and calls
   value_free_to_mark in the destructor.  This is used to clear out
   temporary values created during the lifetime of this object.  */
class scoped_value_mark
{
 public:

  scoped_value_mark ()
    : m_value (value_mark ())
  {
  }

  ~scoped_value_mark ()
  {
    free_to_mark ();
  }

  scoped_value_mark (scoped_value_mark &&other) = default;

  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (scoped_value_mark);

  /* Free the values currently on the value stack.  */
  void free_to_mark ()
  {
    if (m_value != NULL)
      {
	value_free_to_mark (m_value);
	m_value = NULL;
      }
  }

 private:

  const struct value *m_value;
};

extern struct value *value_cstring (const char *ptr, ssize_t len,
				    struct type *char_type);
extern struct value *value_string (const char *ptr, ssize_t len,
				   struct type *char_type);

extern struct value *value_array (int lowbound, int highbound,
				  struct value **elemvec);

extern struct value *value_concat (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2);

extern struct value *value_binop (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2,
				  enum exp_opcode op);

extern struct value *value_ptradd (struct value *arg1, LONGEST arg2);

extern LONGEST value_ptrdiff (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2);

/* Return true if VAL does not live in target memory, but should in order
   to operate on it.  Otherwise return false.  */

extern bool value_must_coerce_to_target (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_coerce_to_target (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_coerce_array (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_coerce_function (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_ind (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_addr (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_ref (struct value *arg1, enum type_code refcode);

extern struct value *value_assign (struct value *toval,
				   struct value *fromval);

extern struct value *value_pos (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_neg (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_complement (struct value *arg1);

extern struct value *value_struct_elt (struct value **argp,
				       gdb::optional<gdb::array_view <value *>> args,
				       const char *name, int *static_memfuncp,
				       const char *err);

extern struct value *value_struct_elt_bitpos (struct value **argp,
					      int bitpos,
					      struct type *field_type,
					      const char *err);

extern struct value *value_aggregate_elt (struct type *curtype,
					  const char *name,
					  struct type *expect_type,
					  int want_address,
					  enum noside noside);

extern struct value *value_static_field (struct type *type, int fieldno);

enum oload_search_type { NON_METHOD, METHOD, BOTH };

extern int find_overload_match (gdb::array_view<value *> args,
				const char *name,
				enum oload_search_type method,
				struct value **objp, struct symbol *fsym,
				struct value **valp, struct symbol **symp,
				int *staticp, const int no_adl,
				enum noside noside);

extern struct value *value_field (struct value *arg1, int fieldno);

extern struct value *value_primitive_field (struct value *arg1, LONGEST offset,
					    int fieldno,
					    struct type *arg_type);


extern struct type *value_rtti_indirect_type (struct value *, int *, LONGEST *,
					      int *);

extern struct value *value_full_object (struct value *, struct type *, int,
					int, int);

extern struct value *value_cast_pointers (struct type *, struct value *, int);

extern struct value *value_cast (struct type *type, struct value *arg2);

extern struct value *value_reinterpret_cast (struct type *type,
					     struct value *arg);

extern struct value *value_dynamic_cast (struct type *type, struct value *arg);

extern struct value *value_zero (struct type *type, enum lval_type lv);

extern struct value *value_one (struct type *type);

extern struct value *value_repeat (struct value *arg1, int count);

extern struct value *value_subscript (struct value *array, LONGEST index);

extern struct value *value_bitstring_subscript (struct type *type,
						struct value *bitstring,
						LONGEST index);

extern struct value *register_value_being_returned (struct type *valtype,
						    struct regcache *retbuf);

extern int value_in (struct value *element, struct value *set);

extern int value_bit_index (struct type *type, const gdb_byte *addr,
			    int index);

extern enum return_value_convention
struct_return_convention (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *function,
			  struct type *value_type);

extern int using_struct_return (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
				struct value *function,
				struct type *value_type);

/* Evaluate the expression EXP.  If set, EXPECT_TYPE is passed to the
   outermost operation's evaluation.  This is ignored by most
   operations, but may be used, e.g., to determine the type of an
   otherwise untyped symbol.  The caller should not assume that the
   returned value has this type.  */

extern struct value *evaluate_expression (struct expression *exp,
					  struct type *expect_type = nullptr);

extern struct value *evaluate_type (struct expression *exp);

extern value *evaluate_var_value (enum noside noside, const block *blk,
				  symbol *var);

extern value *evaluate_var_msym_value (enum noside noside,
				       struct objfile *objfile,
				       minimal_symbol *msymbol);

namespace expr { class operation; };
extern void fetch_subexp_value (struct expression *exp,
				expr::operation *op,
				struct value **valp, struct value **resultp,
				std::vector<value_ref_ptr> *val_chain,
				bool preserve_errors);

extern struct value *parse_and_eval (const char *exp);

extern struct value *parse_to_comma_and_eval (const char **expp);

extern struct type *parse_and_eval_type (const char *p, int length);

extern CORE_ADDR parse_and_eval_address (const char *exp);

extern LONGEST parse_and_eval_long (const char *exp);

extern void unop_promote (const struct language_defn *language,
			  struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
			  struct value **arg1);

extern void binop_promote (const struct language_defn *language,
			   struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
			   struct value **arg1, struct value **arg2);

extern struct value *access_value_history (int num);

/* Return the number of items in the value history.  */

extern ULONGEST value_history_count ();

extern struct value *value_of_internalvar (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
					   struct internalvar *var);

extern int get_internalvar_integer (struct internalvar *var, LONGEST *l);

extern void set_internalvar (struct internalvar *var, struct value *val);

extern void set_internalvar_integer (struct internalvar *var, LONGEST l);

extern void set_internalvar_string (struct internalvar *var,
				    const char *string);

extern void clear_internalvar (struct internalvar *var);

extern void set_internalvar_component (struct internalvar *var,
				       LONGEST offset,
				       LONGEST bitpos, LONGEST bitsize,
				       struct value *newvalue);

extern struct internalvar *lookup_only_internalvar (const char *name);

extern struct internalvar *create_internalvar (const char *name);

extern void complete_internalvar (completion_tracker &tracker,
				  const char *name);

/* An internalvar can be dynamically computed by supplying a vector of
   function pointers to perform various operations.  */

struct internalvar_funcs
{
  /* Compute the value of the variable.  The DATA argument passed to
     the function is the same argument that was passed to
     `create_internalvar_type_lazy'.  */

  struct value *(*make_value) (struct gdbarch *arch,
			       struct internalvar *var,
			       void *data);

  /* Update the agent expression EXPR with bytecode to compute the
     value.  VALUE is the agent value we are updating.  The DATA
     argument passed to this function is the same argument that was
     passed to `create_internalvar_type_lazy'.  If this pointer is
     NULL, then the internalvar cannot be compiled to an agent
     expression.  */

  void (*compile_to_ax) (struct internalvar *var,
			 struct agent_expr *expr,
			 struct axs_value *value,
			 void *data);
};

extern struct internalvar *create_internalvar_type_lazy (const char *name,
				const struct internalvar_funcs *funcs,
				void *data);

/* Compile an internal variable to an agent expression.  VAR is the
   variable to compile; EXPR and VALUE are the agent expression we are
   updating.  This will return 0 if there is no known way to compile
   VAR, and 1 if VAR was successfully compiled.  It may also throw an
   exception on error.  */

extern int compile_internalvar_to_ax (struct internalvar *var,
				      struct agent_expr *expr,
				      struct axs_value *value);

extern struct internalvar *lookup_internalvar (const char *name);

extern int value_equal (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2);

extern int value_equal_contents (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2);

extern int value_less (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2);

/* Simulate the C operator ! -- return true if ARG1 contains zero.  */
extern bool value_logical_not (struct value *arg1);

/* Returns true if the value VAL represents a true value.  */
static inline bool
value_true (struct value *val)
{
  return !value_logical_not (val);
}

/* C++ */

extern struct value *value_of_this (const struct language_defn *lang);

extern struct value *value_of_this_silent (const struct language_defn *lang);

extern struct value *value_x_binop (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2,
				    enum exp_opcode op,
				    enum exp_opcode otherop,
				    enum noside noside);

extern struct value *value_x_unop (struct value *arg1, enum exp_opcode op,
				   enum noside noside);

extern struct value *value_fn_field (struct value **arg1p, struct fn_field *f,
				     int j, struct type *type, LONGEST offset);

extern int binop_types_user_defined_p (enum exp_opcode op,
				       struct type *type1,
				       struct type *type2);

extern int binop_user_defined_p (enum exp_opcode op, struct value *arg1,
				 struct value *arg2);

extern int unop_user_defined_p (enum exp_opcode op, struct value *arg1);

extern int destructor_name_p (const char *name, struct type *type);

extern value_ref_ptr release_value (struct value *val);

extern int record_latest_value (struct value *val);

extern void modify_field (struct type *type, gdb_byte *addr,
			  LONGEST fieldval, LONGEST bitpos, LONGEST bitsize);

extern void type_print (struct type *type, const char *varstring,
			struct ui_file *stream, int show);

extern std::string type_to_string (struct type *type);

extern gdb_byte *baseclass_addr (struct type *type, int index,
				 gdb_byte *valaddr,
				 struct value **valuep, int *errp);

extern void print_longest (struct ui_file *stream, int format,
			   int use_local, LONGEST val);

extern void print_floating (const gdb_byte *valaddr, struct type *type,
			    struct ui_file *stream);

extern void value_print (struct value *val, struct ui_file *stream,
			 const struct value_print_options *options);

/* Release values from the value chain and return them.  Values
   created after MARK are released.  If MARK is nullptr, or if MARK is
   not found on the value chain, then all values are released.  Values
   are returned in reverse order of creation; that is, newest
   first.  */

extern std::vector<value_ref_ptr> value_release_to_mark
    (const struct value *mark);

extern void common_val_print (struct value *val,
			      struct ui_file *stream, int recurse,
			      const struct value_print_options *options,
			      const struct language_defn *language);

extern int val_print_string (struct type *elttype, const char *encoding,
			     CORE_ADDR addr, int len,
			     struct ui_file *stream,
			     const struct value_print_options *options);

extern void print_variable_and_value (const char *name,
				      struct symbol *var,
				      struct frame_info *frame,
				      struct ui_file *stream,
				      int indent);

extern void typedef_print (struct type *type, struct symbol *news,
			   struct ui_file *stream);

extern const char *internalvar_name (const struct internalvar *var);

extern void preserve_values (struct objfile *);

/* From values.c */

extern struct value *value_copy (const value *);

extern struct value *value_non_lval (struct value *);

extern void value_force_lval (struct value *, CORE_ADDR);

extern struct value *make_cv_value (int, int, struct value *);

extern void preserve_one_value (struct value *, struct objfile *, htab_t);

/* From valops.c */

extern struct value *varying_to_slice (struct value *);

extern struct value *value_slice (struct value *, int, int);

/* Create a complex number.  The type is the complex type; the values
   are cast to the underlying scalar type before the complex number is
   created.  */

extern struct value *value_literal_complex (struct value *, struct value *,
					    struct type *);

/* Return the real part of a complex value.  */

extern struct value *value_real_part (struct value *value);

/* Return the imaginary part of a complex value.  */

extern struct value *value_imaginary_part (struct value *value);

extern struct value *find_function_in_inferior (const char *,
						struct objfile **);

extern struct value *value_allocate_space_in_inferior (int);

/* User function handler.  */

typedef struct value *(*internal_function_fn) (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
					       const struct language_defn *language,
					       void *cookie,
					       int argc,
					       struct value **argv);

/* Add a new internal function.  NAME is the name of the function; DOC
   is a documentation string describing the function.  HANDLER is
   called when the function is invoked.  COOKIE is an arbitrary
   pointer which is passed to HANDLER and is intended for "user
   data".  */

extern void add_internal_function (const char *name, const char *doc,
				   internal_function_fn handler,
				   void *cookie);

/* This overload takes an allocated documentation string.  */

extern void add_internal_function (gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<char> &&name,
				   gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<char> &&doc,
				   internal_function_fn handler,
				   void *cookie);

struct value *call_internal_function (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
				      const struct language_defn *language,
				      struct value *function,
				      int argc, struct value **argv);

const char *value_internal_function_name (struct value *);

/* Build a value wrapping and representing WORKER.  The value takes ownership
   of the xmethod_worker object.  */

extern struct value *value_from_xmethod (xmethod_worker_up &&worker);

extern struct type *result_type_of_xmethod (struct value *method,
					    gdb::array_view<value *> argv);

extern struct value *call_xmethod (struct value *method,
				   gdb::array_view<value *> argv);

/* Destroy the values currently allocated.  This is called when GDB is
   exiting (e.g., on quit_force).  */
extern void finalize_values ();

/* Convert VALUE to a gdb_mpq.  The caller must ensure that VALUE is
   of floating-point, fixed-point, or integer type.  */
extern gdb_mpq value_to_gdb_mpq (struct value *value);

#endif /* !defined (VALUE_H) */