Add support for RISC-V architecture.

bfd * Makefile.am: Add entries for riscv32-elf and riscv64-elf. * config.bdf: Likewise. * configure.ac: Likewise. * Makefile.in: Regenerate. * configure: Regenerate. * archures.c: Add bfd_riscv_arch. * reloc.c: Add riscv relocs. * targets.c: Add riscv_elf32_vec and riscv_elf64_vec. * bfd-in2.h: Regenerate. * libbfd.h: Regenerate. * elf-bfd.h: Add RISCV_ELF_DATA to enum elf_target_id. * elfnn-riscv.c: New file. * elfxx-riscv.c: New file. * elfxx-riscv.h: New file. binutils* readelf.c (guess_is_rela): Add EM_RISCV. (get_machine_name): Likewise. (dump_relocations): Add support for riscv relocations. (get_machine_flags): Add support for riscv flags. (is_32bit_abs_reloc): Add R_RISCV_32. (is_64bit_abs_reloc): Add R_RISCV_64. (is_none_reloc): Add R_RISCV_NONE. * testsuite/binutils-all/objdump.exp (cpus_expected): Add riscv. Expect the debug_ranges test to fail. gas * Makefile.am: Add riscv files. * Makefile.in: Regenerate. * NEWS: Mention the support for this architecture. * configure.in: Define a default architecture. * configure: Regenerate. * configure.tgt: Add entries for riscv. * doc/as.texinfo: Likewise. * testsuite/gas/all/gas.exp: Expect the redef tests to fail. * testsuite/gas/elf/elf.exp: Expect the groupauto tests to fail. * config/tc-riscv.c: New file. * config/tc-riscv.h: New file. * doc/c-riscv.texi: New file. * testsuite/gas/riscv: New directory. * testsuite/gas/riscv/riscv.exp: New file. * testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.d: New file. * testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.s: New file. ld * Makefile.am: Add riscv files. * Makefile.in: Regenerate. * NEWS: Mention the support for this target. * configure.tgt: Add riscv entries. * emulparams/elf32lriscv-defs.sh: New file. * emulparams/elf32lriscv.sh: New file. * emulparams/elf64lriscv-defs.sh: New file. * emulparams/elf64lriscv.sh: New file. * emultempl/riscvelf.em: New file. opcodes * configure.ac: Add entry for bfd_riscv_arch. * configure: Regenerate. * disassemble.c (disassembler): Add support for riscv. (disassembler_usage): Likewise. * riscv-dis.c: New file. * riscv-opc.c: New file. include * dis-asm.h: Add prototypes for print_insn_riscv and print_riscv_disassembler_options. * elf/riscv.h: New file. * opcode/riscv-opc.h: New file. * opcode/riscv.h: New file.
author: Nick Clifton <nickc@redhat.com> 2016-11-01 16:45:57 +0000
committer: Nick Clifton <nickc@redhat.com> 2016-11-01 16:45:57 +0000
commit: e23eba971dd409b999dd83d8df0f842680c1c642 (patch)
tree: 0002ef536e33bff13648ee1f2c419349f4f91d75 /gas
parent: 4e56efac8b4d5e251e8edc13febec93992bd6eb4 (diff)
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fsf-binutils-gdb-e23eba971dd409b999dd83d8df0f842680c1c642.tar.gz
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16 files changed, 2667 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/gas/ChangeLog b/gas/ChangeLog
index 05febd7..8eabfd5 100644
--- a/gas/ChangeLog
+++ b/gas/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,24 @@
+2016-11-01  Palmer Dabbelt  <palmer@dabbelt.com>
+	    Andrew Waterman <andrew@sifive.com>
+
+	Add support for RISC-V architecture.
+	* Makefile.am: Add riscv files.
+	* Makefile.in: Regenerate.
+	* NEWS: Mention the support for this architecture.
+	* configure.in: Define a default architecture.
+	* configure: Regenerate.
+	* configure.tgt: Add entries for riscv.
+	* doc/as.texinfo: Likewise.
+	* testsuite/gas/all/gas.exp: Expect the redef tests to fail.
+	* testsuite/gas/elf/elf.exp: Expect the groupauto tests to fail.
+	* config/tc-riscv.c: New file.
+	* config/tc-riscv.h: New file.
+	* doc/c-riscv.texi: New file.
+	* testsuite/gas/riscv: New directory.
+	* testsuite/gas/riscv/riscv.exp: New file.
+	* testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.d: New file.
+	* testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.s: New file.
+
 2016-10-27  Andrew Burgess  <andrew.burgess@embecosm.com>
 
 	* config/tc-arc.c (arc_target): Delete.
diff --git a/gas/Makefile.am b/gas/Makefile.am
index 6fa32ea..cdaf9f5 100644
--- a/gas/Makefile.am
+++ b/gas/Makefile.am
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ TARGET_CPU_CFILES = \
 	config/tc-pdp11.c \
 	config/tc-pj.c \
 	config/tc-ppc.c \
+	config/tc-riscv.c \
 	config/tc-rl78.c \
 	config/tc-rx.c \
 	config/tc-s390.c \
@@ -250,6 +251,7 @@ TARGET_CPU_HFILES = \
 	config/tc-pdp11.h \
 	config/tc-pj.h \
 	config/tc-ppc.h \
+	config/tc-riscv.h \
 	config/tc-rl78.h \
 	config/tc-rx.h \
 	config/tc-s390.h \
diff --git a/gas/Makefile.in b/gas/Makefile.in
index 5b3c223..84f746d 100644
--- a/gas/Makefile.in
+++ b/gas/Makefile.in
@@ -472,6 +472,7 @@ TARGET_CPU_CFILES = \
 	config/tc-pdp11.c \
 	config/tc-pj.c \
 	config/tc-ppc.c \
+	config/tc-riscv.c \
 	config/tc-rl78.c \
 	config/tc-rx.c \
 	config/tc-s390.c \
@@ -545,6 +546,7 @@ TARGET_CPU_HFILES = \
 	config/tc-pdp11.h \
 	config/tc-pj.h \
 	config/tc-ppc.h \
+	config/tc-riscv.h \
 	config/tc-rl78.h \
 	config/tc-rx.h \
 	config/tc-s390.h \
@@ -903,6 +905,7 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-pdp11.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-pj.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-ppc.Po@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-rl78.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-rx.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tc-s390.Po@am__quote@
@@ -1623,6 +1626,20 @@ tc-ppc.obj: config/tc-ppc.c
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
 @am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o tc-ppc.obj `if test -f 'config/tc-ppc.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'config/tc-ppc.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/config/tc-ppc.c'; fi`
 
+tc-riscv.o: config/tc-riscv.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT tc-riscv.o -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Tpo -c -o tc-riscv.o `test -f 'config/tc-riscv.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`config/tc-riscv.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Po
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	source='config/tc-riscv.c' object='tc-riscv.o' libtool=no @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o tc-riscv.o `test -f 'config/tc-riscv.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`config/tc-riscv.c
+
+tc-riscv.obj: config/tc-riscv.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT tc-riscv.obj -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Tpo -c -o tc-riscv.obj `if test -f 'config/tc-riscv.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'config/tc-riscv.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/config/tc-riscv.c'; fi`
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/tc-riscv.Po
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	source='config/tc-riscv.c' object='tc-riscv.obj' libtool=no @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o tc-riscv.obj `if test -f 'config/tc-riscv.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'config/tc-riscv.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/config/tc-riscv.c'; fi`
+
 tc-rl78.o: config/tc-rl78.c
 @am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT tc-rl78.o -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/tc-rl78.Tpo -c -o tc-rl78.o `test -f 'config/tc-rl78.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`config/tc-rl78.c
 @am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/tc-rl78.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/tc-rl78.Po
diff --git a/gas/NEWS b/gas/NEWS
index 2dd2245..25ad9ab 100644
--- a/gas/NEWS
+++ b/gas/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 -*- text -*-
 
+* Add support for the RISC-V architecture.
+
 Changes in 2.27:
 
 * Default to --enable-compressed-debug-sections=gas for Linux/x86 targets.
diff --git a/gas/config/tc-riscv.c b/gas/config/tc-riscv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..592c95a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gas/config/tc-riscv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2408 @@
+/* tc-riscv.c -- RISC-V assembler
+   Copyright 2011-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   Contributed by Andrew Waterman (andrew@sifive.com).
+   Based on MIPS target.
+
+   This file is part of GAS.
+
+   GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; see the file COPYING3. If not,
+   see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "as.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "subsegs.h"
+#include "safe-ctype.h"
+
+#include "itbl-ops.h"
+#include "dwarf2dbg.h"
+#include "dw2gencfi.h"
+
+#include "elf/riscv.h"
+#include "opcode/riscv.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* Information about an instruction, including its format, operands
+   and fixups.  */
+struct riscv_cl_insn
+{
+  /* The opcode's entry in riscv_opcodes.  */
+  const struct riscv_opcode *insn_mo;
+
+  /* The encoded instruction bits.  */
+  insn_t insn_opcode;
+
+  /* The frag that contains the instruction.  */
+  struct frag *frag;
+
+  /* The offset into FRAG of the first instruction byte.  */
+  long where;
+
+  /* The relocs associated with the instruction, if any.  */
+  fixS *fixp;
+};
+
+#ifndef DEFAULT_ARCH
+#define DEFAULT_ARCH "riscv64"
+#endif
+
+static const char default_arch[] = DEFAULT_ARCH;
+
+unsigned xlen = 0; /* width of an x-register */
+
+#define LOAD_ADDRESS_INSN (xlen == 64 ? "ld" : "lw")
+#define ADD32_INSN (xlen == 64 ? "addiw" : "addi")
+
+static unsigned elf_flags = 0;
+
+/* This is the set of options which the .option pseudo-op may modify.  */
+
+struct riscv_set_options
+{
+  int pic; /* Generate position-independent code.  */
+  int rvc; /* Generate RVC code.  */
+};
+
+static struct riscv_set_options riscv_opts =
+{
+  0,	/* pic */
+  0,	/* rvc */
+};
+
+static void
+riscv_set_rvc (bfd_boolean rvc_value)
+{
+  if (rvc_value)
+    elf_flags |= EF_RISCV_RVC;
+
+  riscv_opts.rvc = rvc_value;
+}
+
+struct riscv_subset
+{
+  const char *name;
+
+  struct riscv_subset *next;
+};
+
+static struct riscv_subset *riscv_subsets;
+
+static bfd_boolean
+riscv_subset_supports (const char *feature)
+{
+  struct riscv_subset *s;
+  char *p;
+  unsigned xlen_required = strtoul (feature, &p, 10);
+
+  if (xlen_required && xlen != xlen_required)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  for (s = riscv_subsets; s != NULL; s = s->next)
+    if (strcasecmp (s->name, p) == 0)
+      return TRUE;
+
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+static void
+riscv_add_subset (const char *subset)
+{
+  struct riscv_subset *s = xmalloc (sizeof *s);
+
+  s->name = xstrdup (subset);
+  s->next = riscv_subsets;
+  riscv_subsets = s;
+}
+
+/* Set which ISA and extensions are available.  Formally, ISA strings must
+   begin with RV32 or RV64, but we allow the prefix to be omitted.
+
+   FIXME: Version numbers are not supported yet.  */
+static void
+riscv_set_arch (const char *p)
+{
+  const char *all_subsets = "IMAFDC";
+  const char *extension = NULL;
+  int rvc = 0;
+  int i;
+
+  if (strncasecmp (p, "RV32", 4) == 0)
+    {
+      xlen = 32;
+      p += 4;
+    }
+  else if (strncasecmp (p, "RV64", 4) == 0)
+    {
+      xlen = 64;
+      p += 4;
+    }
+  else if (strncasecmp (p, "RV", 2) == 0)
+    p += 2;
+
+  switch (TOUPPER(*p))
+    {
+      case 'I':
+	break;
+
+      case 'G':
+	p++;
+	/* Fall through.  */
+
+      case '\0':
+	for (i = 0; all_subsets[i] != '\0'; i++)
+	  {
+	    const char subset[] = {all_subsets[i], '\0'};
+	    riscv_add_subset (subset);
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      default:
+	as_fatal ("`I' must be the first ISA subset name specified (got %c)",
+		  *p);
+    }
+
+  while (*p)
+    {
+      if (TOUPPER(*p) == 'X')
+	{
+	  char *subset = xstrdup (p), *q = subset;
+
+	  while (*++q != '\0' && *q != '_')
+	    ;
+	  *q = '\0';
+
+	  if (extension)
+	    as_fatal ("only one eXtension is supported (found %s and %s)",
+		      extension, subset);
+	  extension = subset;
+	  riscv_add_subset (subset);
+	  p += strlen (subset);
+	  free (subset);
+	}
+      else if (*p == '_')
+	p++;
+      else if ((all_subsets = strchr (all_subsets, *p)) != NULL)
+	{
+	  const char subset[] = {*p, 0};
+	  riscv_add_subset (subset);
+	  if (TOUPPER(*p) == 'C')
+	    rvc = 1;
+	  all_subsets++;
+	  p++;
+	}
+      else
+	as_fatal ("unsupported ISA subset %c", *p);
+    }
+
+  if (rvc)
+    {
+      /* Override -m[no-]rvc setting if C was explicitly listed.  */
+      riscv_set_rvc (TRUE);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Add RVC anyway.  -m[no-]rvc toggles its availability.  */
+      riscv_add_subset ("C");
+    }
+}
+
+/* Handle of the OPCODE hash table.  */
+static struct hash_control *op_hash = NULL;
+
+/* This array holds the chars that always start a comment.  If the
+    pre-processor is disabled, these aren't very useful */
+const char comment_chars[] = "#";
+
+/* This array holds the chars that only start a comment at the beginning of
+   a line.  If the line seems to have the form '# 123 filename'
+   .line and .file directives will appear in the pre-processed output */
+/* Note that input_file.c hand checks for '#' at the beginning of the
+   first line of the input file.  This is because the compiler outputs
+   #NO_APP at the beginning of its output.  */
+/* Also note that C style comments are always supported.  */
+const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";
+
+/* This array holds machine specific line separator characters.  */
+const char line_separator_chars[] = ";";
+
+/* Chars that can be used to separate mant from exp in floating point nums */
+const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";
+
+/* Chars that mean this number is a floating point constant */
+/* As in 0f12.456 */
+/* or    0d1.2345e12 */
+const char FLT_CHARS[] = "rRsSfFdDxXpP";
+
+/* Macros for encoding relaxation state for RVC branches and far jumps.  */
+#define RELAX_BRANCH_ENCODE(uncond, rvc, length)	\
+  ((relax_substateT) 					\
+   (0xc0000000						\
+    | ((uncond) ? 1 : 0)				\
+    | ((rvc) ? 2 : 0)					\
+    | ((length) << 2)))
+#define RELAX_BRANCH_P(i) (((i) & 0xf0000000) == 0xc0000000)
+#define RELAX_BRANCH_LENGTH(i) (((i) >> 2) & 0xF)
+#define RELAX_BRANCH_RVC(i) (((i) & 2) != 0)
+#define RELAX_BRANCH_UNCOND(i) (((i) & 1) != 0)
+
+/* Is the given value a sign-extended 32-bit value?  */
+#define IS_SEXT_32BIT_NUM(x)						\
+  (((x) &~ (offsetT) 0x7fffffff) == 0					\
+   || (((x) &~ (offsetT) 0x7fffffff) == ~ (offsetT) 0x7fffffff))
+
+/* Is the given value a zero-extended 32-bit value?  Or a negated one?  */
+#define IS_ZEXT_32BIT_NUM(x)						\
+  (((x) &~ (offsetT) 0xffffffff) == 0					\
+   || (((x) &~ (offsetT) 0xffffffff) == ~ (offsetT) 0xffffffff))
+
+/* Change INSN's opcode so that the operand given by FIELD has value VALUE.
+   INSN is a riscv_cl_insn structure and VALUE is evaluated exactly once.  */
+#define INSERT_OPERAND(FIELD, INSN, VALUE) \
+  INSERT_BITS ((INSN).insn_opcode, VALUE, OP_MASK_##FIELD, OP_SH_##FIELD)
+
+/* Determine if an instruction matches an opcode.  */
+#define OPCODE_MATCHES(OPCODE, OP) \
+  (((OPCODE) & MASK_##OP) == MATCH_##OP)
+
+static char *expr_end;
+
+/* The default target format to use.  */
+
+const char *
+riscv_target_format (void)
+{
+  return xlen == 64 ? "elf64-littleriscv" : "elf32-littleriscv";
+}
+
+/* Return the length of instruction INSN.  */
+
+static inline unsigned int
+insn_length (const struct riscv_cl_insn *insn)
+{
+  return riscv_insn_length (insn->insn_opcode);
+}
+
+/* Initialise INSN from opcode entry MO.  Leave its position unspecified.  */
+
+static void
+create_insn (struct riscv_cl_insn *insn, const struct riscv_opcode *mo)
+{
+  insn->insn_mo = mo;
+  insn->insn_opcode = mo->match;
+  insn->frag = NULL;
+  insn->where = 0;
+  insn->fixp = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Install INSN at the location specified by its "frag" and "where" fields.  */
+
+static void
+install_insn (const struct riscv_cl_insn *insn)
+{
+  char *f = insn->frag->fr_literal + insn->where;
+  md_number_to_chars (f, insn->insn_opcode, insn_length (insn));
+}
+
+/* Move INSN to offset WHERE in FRAG.  Adjust the fixups accordingly
+   and install the opcode in the new location.  */
+
+static void
+move_insn (struct riscv_cl_insn *insn, fragS *frag, long where)
+{
+  insn->frag = frag;
+  insn->where = where;
+  if (insn->fixp != NULL)
+    {
+      insn->fixp->fx_frag = frag;
+      insn->fixp->fx_where = where;
+    }
+  install_insn (insn);
+}
+
+/* Add INSN to the end of the output.  */
+
+static void
+add_fixed_insn (struct riscv_cl_insn *insn)
+{
+  char *f = frag_more (insn_length (insn));
+  move_insn (insn, frag_now, f - frag_now->fr_literal);
+}
+
+static void
+add_relaxed_insn (struct riscv_cl_insn *insn, int max_chars, int var,
+      relax_substateT subtype, symbolS *symbol, offsetT offset)
+{
+  frag_grow (max_chars);
+  move_insn (insn, frag_now, frag_more (0) - frag_now->fr_literal);
+  frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, max_chars, var,
+	    subtype, symbol, offset, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Compute the length of a branch sequence, and adjust the stored length
+   accordingly.  If FRAGP is NULL, the worst-case length is returned.  */
+
+static unsigned
+relaxed_branch_length (fragS *fragp, asection *sec, int update)
+{
+  int jump, rvc, length = 8;
+
+  if (!fragp)
+    return length;
+
+  jump = RELAX_BRANCH_UNCOND (fragp->fr_subtype);
+  rvc = RELAX_BRANCH_RVC (fragp->fr_subtype);
+  length = RELAX_BRANCH_LENGTH (fragp->fr_subtype);
+
+  /* Assume jumps are in range; the linker will catch any that aren't.  */
+  length = jump ? 4 : 8;
+
+  if (fragp->fr_symbol != NULL
+      && S_IS_DEFINED (fragp->fr_symbol)
+      && sec == S_GET_SEGMENT (fragp->fr_symbol))
+    {
+      offsetT val = S_GET_VALUE (fragp->fr_symbol) + fragp->fr_offset;
+      bfd_vma rvc_range = jump ? RVC_JUMP_REACH : RVC_BRANCH_REACH;
+      val -= fragp->fr_address + fragp->fr_fix;
+
+      if (rvc && (bfd_vma)(val + rvc_range/2) < rvc_range)
+	length = 2;
+      else if ((bfd_vma)(val + RISCV_BRANCH_REACH/2) < RISCV_BRANCH_REACH)
+	length = 4;
+      else if (!jump && rvc)
+	length = 6;
+    }
+
+  if (update)
+    fragp->fr_subtype = RELAX_BRANCH_ENCODE (jump, rvc, length);
+
+  return length;
+}
+
+struct regname
+{
+  const char *name;
+  unsigned int num;
+};
+
+enum reg_class
+{
+  RCLASS_GPR,
+  RCLASS_FPR,
+  RCLASS_CSR,
+  RCLASS_MAX
+};
+
+static struct hash_control *reg_names_hash = NULL;
+
+#define ENCODE_REG_HASH(cls, n) \
+  ((void *)(uintptr_t)((n) * RCLASS_MAX + (cls) + 1))
+#define DECODE_REG_CLASS(hash) (((uintptr_t)(hash) - 1) % RCLASS_MAX)
+#define DECODE_REG_NUM(hash) (((uintptr_t)(hash) - 1) / RCLASS_MAX)
+
+static void
+hash_reg_name (enum reg_class class, const char *name, unsigned n)
+{
+  void *hash = ENCODE_REG_HASH (class, n);
+  const char *retval = hash_insert (reg_names_hash, name, hash);
+
+  if (retval != NULL)
+    as_fatal (_("internal error: can't hash `%s': %s"), name, retval);
+}
+
+static void
+hash_reg_names (enum reg_class class, const char * const names[], unsigned n)
+{
+  unsigned i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    hash_reg_name (class, names[i], i);
+}
+
+static unsigned int
+reg_lookup_internal (const char *s, enum reg_class class)
+{
+  struct regname *r = (struct regname *) hash_find (reg_names_hash, s);
+
+  if (r == NULL || DECODE_REG_CLASS (r) != class)
+    return -1;
+  return DECODE_REG_NUM (r);
+}
+
+static bfd_boolean
+reg_lookup (char **s, enum reg_class class, unsigned int *regnop)
+{
+  char *e;
+  char save_c;
+  int reg = -1;
+
+  /* Find end of name.  */
+  e = *s;
+  if (is_name_beginner (*e))
+    ++e;
+  while (is_part_of_name (*e))
+    ++e;
+
+  /* Terminate name.  */
+  save_c = *e;
+  *e = '\0';
+
+  /* Look for the register.  Advance to next token if one was recognized.  */
+  if ((reg = reg_lookup_internal (*s, class)) >= 0)
+    *s = e;
+
+  *e = save_c;
+  if (regnop)
+    *regnop = reg;
+  return reg >= 0;
+}
+
+static bfd_boolean
+arg_lookup (char **s, const char *const *array, size_t size, unsigned *regnop)
+{
+  const char *p = strchr (*s, ',');
+  size_t i, len = p ? (size_t)(p - *s) : strlen (*s);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
+    if (array[i] != NULL && strncmp (array[i], *s, len) == 0)
+      {
+	*regnop = i;
+	*s += len;
+	return TRUE;
+      }
+
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+/* For consistency checking, verify that all bits are specified either
+   by the match/mask part of the instruction definition, or by the
+   operand list.  */
+static bfd_boolean
+validate_riscv_insn (const struct riscv_opcode *opc)
+{
+  const char *p = opc->args;
+  char c;
+  insn_t used_bits = opc->mask;
+  int insn_width = 8 * riscv_insn_length (opc->match);
+  insn_t required_bits = ~0ULL >> (64 - insn_width);
+
+  if ((used_bits & opc->match) != (opc->match & required_bits))
+    {
+      as_bad (_("internal: bad RISC-V opcode (mask error): %s %s"),
+	      opc->name, opc->args);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+#define USE_BITS(mask,shift)	(used_bits |= ((insn_t)(mask) << (shift)))
+  while (*p)
+    switch (c = *p++)
+      {
+      case 'C': /* RVC */
+	switch (c = *p++)
+	  {
+	  case 'a': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_J_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'c': break; /* RS1, constrained to equal sp */
+	  case 'i': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_SIMM3(-1U); break;
+	  case 'j': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'k': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_LW_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'l': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_LD_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'm': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_LWSP_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'n': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_LDSP_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'p': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_B_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 's': USE_BITS (OP_MASK_CRS1S, OP_SH_CRS1S); break;
+	  case 't': USE_BITS (OP_MASK_CRS2S, OP_SH_CRS2S); break;
+	  case 'u': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'v': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'w': break; /* RS1S, constrained to equal RD */
+	  case 'x': break; /* RS2S, constrained to equal RD */
+	  case 'K': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_ADDI4SPN_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'L': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_ADDI16SP_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'M': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_SWSP_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'N': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_SDSP_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'U': break; /* RS1, constrained to equal RD */
+	  case 'V': USE_BITS (OP_MASK_CRS2, OP_SH_CRS2); break;
+	  case '<': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case '>': used_bits |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM(-1U); break;
+	  case 'T': USE_BITS (OP_MASK_CRS2, OP_SH_CRS2); break;
+	  case 'D': USE_BITS (OP_MASK_CRS2S, OP_SH_CRS2S); break;
+	  default:
+	    as_bad (_("internal: bad RISC-V opcode (unknown operand type `C%c'): %s %s"),
+		    c, opc->name, opc->args);
+	    return FALSE;
+	  }
+	break;
+      case ',': break;
+      case '(': break;
+      case ')': break;
+      case '<': USE_BITS (OP_MASK_SHAMTW,	OP_SH_SHAMTW);	break;
+      case '>':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_SHAMT,	OP_SH_SHAMT);	break;
+      case 'A': break;
+      case 'D':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RD,		OP_SH_RD);	break;
+      case 'Z':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS1,		OP_SH_RS1);	break;
+      case 'E':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_CSR,		OP_SH_CSR);	break;
+      case 'I': break;
+      case 'R':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS3,		OP_SH_RS3);	break;
+      case 'S':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS1,		OP_SH_RS1);	break;
+      case 'U':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS1,		OP_SH_RS1);	/* fallthru */
+      case 'T':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS2,		OP_SH_RS2);	break;
+      case 'd':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RD,		OP_SH_RD);	break;
+      case 'm':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RM,		OP_SH_RM);	break;
+      case 's':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS1,		OP_SH_RS1);	break;
+      case 't':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_RS2,		OP_SH_RS2);	break;
+      case 'P':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_PRED,		OP_SH_PRED); break;
+      case 'Q':	USE_BITS (OP_MASK_SUCC,		OP_SH_SUCC); break;
+      case 'o':
+      case 'j': used_bits |= ENCODE_ITYPE_IMM(-1U); break;
+      case 'a':	used_bits |= ENCODE_UJTYPE_IMM(-1U); break;
+      case 'p':	used_bits |= ENCODE_SBTYPE_IMM(-1U); break;
+      case 'q':	used_bits |= ENCODE_STYPE_IMM(-1U); break;
+      case 'u':	used_bits |= ENCODE_UTYPE_IMM(-1U); break;
+      case '[': break;
+      case ']': break;
+      case '0': break;
+      default:
+	as_bad (_("internal: bad RISC-V opcode "
+		  "(unknown operand type `%c'): %s %s"),
+		c, opc->name, opc->args);
+	return FALSE;
+      }
+#undef USE_BITS
+  if (used_bits != required_bits)
+    {
+      as_bad (_("internal: bad RISC-V opcode (bits 0x%lx undefined): %s %s"),
+	      ~(unsigned long)(used_bits & required_bits),
+	      opc->name, opc->args);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+struct percent_op_match
+{
+  const char *str;
+  bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc;
+};
+
+/* This function is called once, at assembler startup time.  It should set up
+   all the tables, etc. that the MD part of the assembler will need.  */
+
+void
+md_begin (void)
+{
+  int i = 0;
+
+  if (! bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, bfd_arch_riscv, 0))
+    as_warn (_("Could not set architecture and machine"));
+
+  op_hash = hash_new ();
+
+  while (riscv_opcodes[i].name)
+    {
+      const char *name = riscv_opcodes[i].name;
+      const char *hash_error =
+	hash_insert (op_hash, name, (void *) &riscv_opcodes[i]);
+
+      if (hash_error)
+	{
+	  fprintf (stderr, _("internal error: can't hash `%s': %s\n"),
+		   riscv_opcodes[i].name, hash_error);
+	  /* Probably a memory allocation problem?  Give up now.  */
+	  as_fatal (_("Broken assembler.  No assembly attempted."));
+	}
+
+      do
+	{
+	  if (riscv_opcodes[i].pinfo != INSN_MACRO)
+	    {
+	      if (!validate_riscv_insn (&riscv_opcodes[i]))
+		as_fatal (_("Broken assembler.  No assembly attempted."));
+	    }
+	  ++i;
+	}
+      while (riscv_opcodes[i].name && !strcmp (riscv_opcodes[i].name, name));
+    }
+
+  reg_names_hash = hash_new ();
+  hash_reg_names (RCLASS_GPR, riscv_gpr_names_numeric, NGPR);
+  hash_reg_names (RCLASS_GPR, riscv_gpr_names_abi, NGPR);
+  hash_reg_names (RCLASS_FPR, riscv_fpr_names_numeric, NFPR);
+  hash_reg_names (RCLASS_FPR, riscv_fpr_names_abi, NFPR);
+
+#define DECLARE_CSR(name, num) hash_reg_name (RCLASS_CSR, #name, num);
+#include "opcode/riscv-opc.h"
+#undef DECLARE_CSR
+
+  /* Set the default alignment for the text section.  */
+  record_alignment (text_section, riscv_opts.rvc ? 1 : 2);
+}
+
+/* Output an instruction.  IP is the instruction information.
+   ADDRESS_EXPR is an operand of the instruction to be used with
+   RELOC_TYPE.  */
+
+static void
+append_insn (struct riscv_cl_insn *ip, expressionS *address_expr,
+	     bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc_type)
+{
+  dwarf2_emit_insn (0);
+
+  if (reloc_type != BFD_RELOC_UNUSED)
+    {
+      reloc_howto_type *howto;
+
+      gas_assert(address_expr);
+      if (reloc_type == BFD_RELOC_12_PCREL
+	  || reloc_type == BFD_RELOC_RISCV_JMP)
+	{
+	  int j = reloc_type == BFD_RELOC_RISCV_JMP;
+	  int best_case = riscv_insn_length (ip->insn_opcode);
+	  unsigned worst_case = relaxed_branch_length (NULL, NULL, 0);
+	  add_relaxed_insn (ip, worst_case, best_case,
+			    RELAX_BRANCH_ENCODE (j, best_case == 2, worst_case),
+			    address_expr->X_add_symbol,
+			    address_expr->X_add_number);
+	  return;
+	}
+      else if (address_expr->X_op == O_constant)
+	{
+	  switch (reloc_type)
+	    {
+	    case BFD_RELOC_32:
+	      ip->insn_opcode |= address_expr->X_add_number;
+	      goto append;
+
+	    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_HI20:
+	      {
+		insn_t imm = RISCV_CONST_HIGH_PART (address_expr->X_add_number);
+		ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_UTYPE_IMM (imm);
+		goto append;
+	      }
+
+	    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_S:
+	      ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_STYPE_IMM (address_expr->X_add_number);
+	      goto append;
+
+	    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I:
+	      ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_ITYPE_IMM (address_expr->X_add_number);
+	      goto append;
+
+	    default:
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, reloc_type);
+	if (howto == NULL)
+	  as_bad (_("Unsupported RISC-V relocation number %d"), reloc_type);
+
+	ip->fixp = fix_new_exp (ip->frag, ip->where,
+				bfd_get_reloc_size (howto),
+				address_expr, FALSE, reloc_type);
+    }
+
+append:
+  add_fixed_insn (ip);
+  install_insn (ip);
+}
+
+/* Build an instruction created by a macro expansion.  This is passed
+   a pointer to the count of instructions created so far, an
+   expression, the name of the instruction to build, an operand format
+   string, and corresponding arguments.  */
+
+static void
+macro_build (expressionS *ep, const char *name, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+  const struct riscv_opcode *mo;
+  struct riscv_cl_insn insn;
+  bfd_reloc_code_real_type r;
+  va_list args;
+
+  va_start (args, fmt);
+
+  r = BFD_RELOC_UNUSED;
+  mo = (struct riscv_opcode *) hash_find (op_hash, name);
+  gas_assert (mo);
+
+  /* Find a non-RVC variant of the instruction.  append_insn will compress
+     it if possible.  */
+  while (riscv_insn_length (mo->match) < 4)
+    mo++;
+  gas_assert (strcmp (name, mo->name) == 0);
+
+  create_insn (&insn, mo);
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      switch (*fmt++)
+	{
+	case 'd':
+	  INSERT_OPERAND (RD, insn, va_arg (args, int));
+	  continue;
+
+	case 's':
+	  INSERT_OPERAND (RS1, insn, va_arg (args, int));
+	  continue;
+
+	case 't':
+	  INSERT_OPERAND (RS2, insn, va_arg (args, int));
+	  continue;
+
+	case '>':
+	  INSERT_OPERAND (SHAMT, insn, va_arg (args, int));
+	  continue;
+
+	case 'j':
+	case 'u':
+	case 'q':
+	  gas_assert (ep != NULL);
+	  r = va_arg (args, int);
+	  continue;
+
+	case '\0':
+	  break;
+	case ',':
+	  continue;
+	default:
+	  as_fatal (_("internal error: invalid macro"));
+	}
+      break;
+    }
+  va_end (args);
+  gas_assert (r == BFD_RELOC_UNUSED ? ep == NULL : ep != NULL);
+
+  append_insn (&insn, ep, r);
+}
+
+/* Sign-extend 32-bit mode constants that have bit 31 set and all higher bits
+   unset.  */
+static void
+normalize_constant_expr (expressionS *ex)
+{
+  if (xlen > 32)
+    return;
+  if ((ex->X_op == O_constant || ex->X_op == O_symbol)
+      && IS_ZEXT_32BIT_NUM (ex->X_add_number))
+    ex->X_add_number = (((ex->X_add_number & 0xffffffff) ^ 0x80000000)
+			- 0x80000000);
+}
+
+/* Fail if an expression is not a constant.  */
+
+static void
+check_absolute_expr (struct riscv_cl_insn *ip, expressionS *ex)
+{
+  if (ex->X_op == O_big)
+    as_bad (_("unsupported large constant"));
+  else if (ex->X_op != O_constant)
+    as_bad (_("Instruction %s requires absolute expression"),
+	    ip->insn_mo->name);
+  normalize_constant_expr (ex);
+}
+
+static symbolS *
+make_internal_label (void)
+{
+  return (symbolS *) local_symbol_make (FAKE_LABEL_NAME, now_seg,
+					(valueT) frag_now_fix(), frag_now);
+}
+
+/* Load an entry from the GOT.  */
+static void
+pcrel_access (int destreg, int tempreg, expressionS *ep,
+	      const char *lo_insn, const char *lo_pattern,
+	      bfd_reloc_code_real_type hi_reloc,
+	      bfd_reloc_code_real_type lo_reloc)
+{
+  expressionS ep2;
+  ep2.X_op = O_symbol;
+  ep2.X_add_symbol = make_internal_label ();
+  ep2.X_add_number = 0;
+
+  macro_build (ep, "auipc", "d,u", tempreg, hi_reloc);
+  macro_build (&ep2, lo_insn, lo_pattern, destreg, tempreg, lo_reloc);
+}
+
+static void
+pcrel_load (int destreg, int tempreg, expressionS *ep, const char *lo_insn,
+	    bfd_reloc_code_real_type hi_reloc,
+	    bfd_reloc_code_real_type lo_reloc)
+{
+  pcrel_access (destreg, tempreg, ep, lo_insn, "d,s,j", hi_reloc, lo_reloc);
+}
+
+static void
+pcrel_store (int srcreg, int tempreg, expressionS *ep, const char *lo_insn,
+	     bfd_reloc_code_real_type hi_reloc,
+	     bfd_reloc_code_real_type lo_reloc)
+{
+  pcrel_access (srcreg, tempreg, ep, lo_insn, "t,s,q", hi_reloc, lo_reloc);
+}
+
+/* PC-relative function call using AUIPC/JALR, relaxed to JAL.  */
+static void
+riscv_call (int destreg, int tempreg, expressionS *ep,
+	    bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc)
+{
+  macro_build (ep, "auipc", "d,u", tempreg, reloc);
+  macro_build (NULL, "jalr", "d,s", destreg, tempreg);
+}
+
+/* Load an integer constant into a register.  */
+
+static void
+load_const (int reg, expressionS *ep)
+{
+  int shift = RISCV_IMM_BITS;
+  expressionS upper = *ep, lower = *ep;
+  lower.X_add_number = (int32_t) ep->X_add_number << (32-shift) >> (32-shift);
+  upper.X_add_number -= lower.X_add_number;
+
+  if (ep->X_op != O_constant)
+    {
+      as_bad (_("unsupported large constant"));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  if (xlen > 32 && !IS_SEXT_32BIT_NUM(ep->X_add_number))
+    {
+      /* Reduce to a signed 32-bit constant using SLLI and ADDI.  */
+      while (((upper.X_add_number >> shift) & 1) == 0)
+	shift++;
+
+      upper.X_add_number = (int64_t) upper.X_add_number >> shift;
+      load_const(reg, &upper);
+
+      macro_build (NULL, "slli", "d,s,>", reg, reg, shift);
+      if (lower.X_add_number != 0)
+	macro_build (&lower, "addi", "d,s,j", reg, reg, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Simply emit LUI and/or ADDI to build a 32-bit signed constant.  */
+      int hi_reg = 0;
+
+      if (upper.X_add_number != 0)
+	{
+	  macro_build (ep, "lui", "d,u", reg, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_HI20);
+	  hi_reg = reg;
+	}
+
+      if (lower.X_add_number != 0 || hi_reg == 0)
+	macro_build (ep, ADD32_INSN, "d,s,j", reg, hi_reg,
+		     BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Expand RISC-V assembly macros into one or more instructions.  */
+static void
+macro (struct riscv_cl_insn *ip, expressionS *imm_expr,
+       bfd_reloc_code_real_type *imm_reloc)
+{
+  int rd = (ip->insn_opcode >> OP_SH_RD) & OP_MASK_RD;
+  int rs1 = (ip->insn_opcode >> OP_SH_RS1) & OP_MASK_RS1;
+  int rs2 = (ip->insn_opcode >> OP_SH_RS2) & OP_MASK_RS2;
+  int mask = ip->insn_mo->mask;
+
+  switch (mask)
+    {
+    case M_LI:
+      load_const (rd, imm_expr);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LA:
+    case M_LLA:
+      /* Load the address of a symbol into a register.  */
+      if (!IS_SEXT_32BIT_NUM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+	as_bad (_("offset too large"));
+
+      if (imm_expr->X_op == O_constant)
+	load_const (rd, imm_expr);
+      else if (riscv_opts.pic && mask == M_LA) /* Global PIC symbol */
+	pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, LOAD_ADDRESS_INSN,
+		    BFD_RELOC_RISCV_GOT_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      else /* Local PIC symbol, or any non-PIC symbol */
+	pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "addi",
+		    BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LA_TLS_GD:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "addi",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_GD_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LA_TLS_IE:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, LOAD_ADDRESS_INSN,
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_GOT_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LB:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "lb",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LBU:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "lbu",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LH:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "lh",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LHU:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "lhu",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LW:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "lw",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LWU:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "lwu",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_LD:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rd, imm_expr, "ld",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_FLW:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rs1, imm_expr, "flw",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_FLD:
+      pcrel_load (rd, rs1, imm_expr, "fld",
+		  BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I);
+      break;
+
+    case M_SB:
+      pcrel_store (rs2, rs1, imm_expr, "sb",
+		   BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S);
+      break;
+
+    case M_SH:
+      pcrel_store (rs2, rs1, imm_expr, "sh",
+		   BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S);
+      break;
+
+    case M_SW:
+      pcrel_store (rs2, rs1, imm_expr, "sw",
+		   BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S);
+      break;
+
+    case M_SD:
+      pcrel_store (rs2, rs1, imm_expr, "sd",
+		   BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S);
+      break;
+
+    case M_FSW:
+      pcrel_store (rs2, rs1, imm_expr, "fsw",
+		   BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S);
+      break;
+
+    case M_FSD:
+      pcrel_store (rs2, rs1, imm_expr, "fsd",
+		   BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S);
+      break;
+
+    case M_CALL:
+      riscv_call (rd, rs1, imm_expr, *imm_reloc);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      as_bad (_("Macro %s not implemented"), ip->insn_mo->name);
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+static const struct percent_op_match percent_op_utype[] =
+{
+  {"%tprel_hi", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_HI20},
+  {"%pcrel_hi", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20},
+  {"%tls_ie_pcrel_hi", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_GOT_HI20},
+  {"%tls_gd_pcrel_hi", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_GD_HI20},
+  {"%hi", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_HI20},
+  {0, 0}
+};
+
+static const struct percent_op_match percent_op_itype[] =
+{
+  {"%lo", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I},
+  {"%tprel_lo", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_LO12_I},
+  {"%pcrel_lo", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I},
+  {0, 0}
+};
+
+static const struct percent_op_match percent_op_stype[] =
+{
+  {"%lo", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_S},
+  {"%tprel_lo", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_LO12_S},
+  {"%pcrel_lo", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S},
+  {0, 0}
+};
+
+static const struct percent_op_match percent_op_rtype[] =
+{
+  {"%tprel_add", BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_ADD},
+  {0, 0}
+};
+
+/* Return true if *STR points to a relocation operator.  When returning true,
+   move *STR over the operator and store its relocation code in *RELOC.
+   Leave both *STR and *RELOC alone when returning false.  */
+
+static bfd_boolean
+parse_relocation (char **str, bfd_reloc_code_real_type *reloc,
+		  const struct percent_op_match *percent_op)
+{
+  for ( ; percent_op->str; percent_op++)
+    if (strncasecmp (*str, percent_op->str, strlen (percent_op->str)) == 0)
+      {
+	int len = strlen (percent_op->str);
+
+	if (!ISSPACE ((*str)[len]) && (*str)[len] != '(')
+	  continue;
+
+	*str += strlen (percent_op->str);
+	*reloc = percent_op->reloc;
+
+	/* Check whether the output BFD supports this relocation.
+	   If not, issue an error and fall back on something safe.  */
+	if (!bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, percent_op->reloc))
+	  {
+	    as_bad ("relocation %s isn't supported by the current ABI",
+		    percent_op->str);
+	    *reloc = BFD_RELOC_UNUSED;
+	  }
+	return TRUE;
+      }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+static void
+my_getExpression (expressionS *ep, char *str)
+{
+  char *save_in;
+
+  save_in = input_line_pointer;
+  input_line_pointer = str;
+  expression (ep);
+  expr_end = input_line_pointer;
+  input_line_pointer = save_in;
+}
+
+/* Parse string STR as a 16-bit relocatable operand.  Store the
+   expression in *EP and the relocation, if any, in RELOC.
+   Return the number of relocation operators used (0 or 1).
+
+   On exit, EXPR_END points to the first character after the expression.  */
+
+static size_t
+my_getSmallExpression (expressionS *ep, bfd_reloc_code_real_type *reloc,
+		       char *str, const struct percent_op_match *percent_op)
+{
+  size_t reloc_index;
+  unsigned crux_depth, str_depth, regno;
+  char *crux;
+
+  /* First, check for integer registers.  */
+  if (reg_lookup (&str, RCLASS_GPR, &regno))
+    {
+      ep->X_op = O_register;
+      ep->X_add_number = regno;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Search for the start of the main expression.
+     End the loop with CRUX pointing to the start
+     of the main expression and with CRUX_DEPTH containing the number
+     of open brackets at that point.  */
+  reloc_index = -1;
+  str_depth = 0;
+  do
+    {
+      reloc_index++;
+      crux = str;
+      crux_depth = str_depth;
+
+      /* Skip over whitespace and brackets, keeping count of the number
+	 of brackets.  */
+      while (*str == ' ' || *str == '\t' || *str == '(')
+	if (*str++ == '(')
+	  str_depth++;
+    }
+  while (*str == '%'
+	 && reloc_index < 1
+	 && parse_relocation (&str, reloc, percent_op));
+
+  my_getExpression (ep, crux);
+  str = expr_end;
+
+  /* Match every open bracket.  */
+  while (crux_depth > 0 && (*str == ')' || *str == ' ' || *str == '\t'))
+    if (*str++ == ')')
+      crux_depth--;
+
+  if (crux_depth > 0)
+    as_bad ("unclosed '('");
+
+  expr_end = str;
+
+  return reloc_index;
+}
+
+/* This routine assembles an instruction into its binary format.  As a
+   side effect, it sets the global variable imm_reloc to the type of
+   relocation to do if one of the operands is an address expression.  */
+
+static const char *
+riscv_ip (char *str, struct riscv_cl_insn *ip, expressionS *imm_expr,
+	  bfd_reloc_code_real_type *imm_reloc)
+{
+  char *s;
+  const char *args;
+  char c = 0;
+  struct riscv_opcode *insn;
+  char *argsStart;
+  unsigned int regno;
+  char save_c = 0;
+  int argnum;
+  const struct percent_op_match *p;
+  const char *error = "unrecognized opcode";
+
+  /* Parse the name of the instruction.  Terminate the string if whitespace
+     is found so that hash_find only sees the name part of the string.  */
+  for (s = str; *s != '\0'; ++s)
+    if (ISSPACE (*s))
+      {
+	save_c = *s;
+	*s++ = '\0';
+	break;
+      }
+
+  insn = (struct riscv_opcode *) hash_find (op_hash, str);
+
+  argsStart = s;
+  for ( ; insn && insn->name && strcmp (insn->name, str) == 0; insn++)
+    {
+      if (!riscv_subset_supports (insn->subset))
+	continue;
+
+      create_insn (ip, insn);
+      argnum = 1;
+
+      imm_expr->X_op = O_absent;
+      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_UNUSED;
+      p = percent_op_itype;
+
+      for (args = insn->args;; ++args)
+	{
+	  s += strspn (s, " \t");
+	  switch (*args)
+	    {
+	    case '\0': 	/* End of args.  */
+	      if (insn->pinfo != INSN_MACRO)
+		{
+		  if (!insn->match_func (insn, ip->insn_opcode))
+		    break;
+		  if (riscv_insn_length (insn->match) == 2 && !riscv_opts.rvc)
+		    break;
+		}
+	      if (*s != '\0')
+		break;
+	      /* Successful assembly.  */
+	      error = NULL;
+	      goto out;
+
+	    case 'C': /* RVC */
+	      switch (*++args)
+		{
+		case 's': /* RS1 x8-x15 */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno)
+		      || !(regno >= 8 && regno <= 15))
+		    break;
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (CRS1S, *ip, regno % 8);
+		  continue;
+		case 'w': /* RS1 x8-x15, constrained to equal RD x8-x15.  */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno)
+		      || EXTRACT_OPERAND (CRS1S, ip->insn_opcode) + 8 != regno)
+		    break;
+		  continue;
+		case 't': /* RS2 x8-x15 */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno)
+		      || !(regno >= 8 && regno <= 15))
+		    break;
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (CRS2S, *ip, regno % 8);
+		  continue;
+		case 'x': /* RS2 x8-x15, constrained to equal RD x8-x15.  */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno)
+		      || EXTRACT_OPERAND (CRS2S, ip->insn_opcode) + 8 != regno)
+		    break;
+		  continue;
+		case 'U': /* RS1, constrained to equal RD.  */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno)
+		      || EXTRACT_OPERAND (RD, ip->insn_opcode) != regno)
+		    break;
+		  continue;
+		case 'V': /* RS2 */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno))
+		    break;
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (CRS2, *ip, regno);
+		  continue;
+		case 'c': /* RS1, constrained to equal sp.  */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno)
+		      || regno != X_SP)
+		    break;
+		  continue;
+		case '>':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number <= 0
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number >= 64)
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+rvc_imm_done:
+		  s = expr_end;
+		  imm_expr->X_op = O_absent;
+		  continue;
+		case '<':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number)
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number <= 0
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number >= 32)
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'i':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number == 0
+		      || !VALID_RVC_SIMM3 (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_SIMM3 (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'j':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number == 0
+		      || !VALID_RVC_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'k':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_LW_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_LW_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'l':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_LD_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_LD_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'm':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_LWSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |=
+		    ENCODE_RVC_LWSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'n':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_LDSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |=
+		    ENCODE_RVC_LDSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'K':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_ADDI4SPN_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number)
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number == 0)
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |=
+		    ENCODE_RVC_ADDI4SPN_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'L':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_ADDI16SP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number)
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number == 0)
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |=
+		    ENCODE_RVC_ADDI16SP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'M':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_SWSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |=
+		    ENCODE_RVC_SWSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'N':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || !VALID_RVC_SDSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |=
+		    ENCODE_RVC_SDSP_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'u':
+		  p = percent_op_utype;
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p))
+		    break;
+rvc_lui:
+		  if (imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number <= 0
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number >= RISCV_BIGIMM_REACH
+		      || (imm_expr->X_add_number >= RISCV_RVC_IMM_REACH / 2
+			  && (imm_expr->X_add_number <
+			      RISCV_BIGIMM_REACH - RISCV_RVC_IMM_REACH / 2)))
+		    break;
+		  ip->insn_opcode |= ENCODE_RVC_IMM (imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  goto rvc_imm_done;
+		case 'v':
+		  if (my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		      || (imm_expr->X_add_number & (RISCV_IMM_REACH - 1))
+		      || ((int32_t)imm_expr->X_add_number
+			  != imm_expr->X_add_number))
+		    break;
+		  imm_expr->X_add_number =
+		    ((uint32_t) imm_expr->X_add_number) >> RISCV_IMM_BITS;
+		  goto rvc_lui;
+		case 'p':
+		  goto branch;
+		case 'a':
+		  goto jump;
+		case 'D': /* Floating-point RS2 x8-x15.  */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_FPR, &regno)
+		      || !(regno >= 8 && regno <= 15))
+		    break;
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (CRS2S, *ip, regno % 8);
+		  continue;
+		case 'T': /* Floating-point RS2.  */
+		  if (!reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_FPR, &regno))
+		    break;
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (CRS2, *ip, regno);
+		  continue;
+		default:
+		  as_bad (_("bad RVC field specifier 'C%c'\n"), *args);
+		}
+	      break;
+
+	    case ',':
+	      ++argnum;
+	      if (*s++ == *args)
+		continue;
+	      s--;
+	      break;
+
+	    case '(':
+	    case ')':
+	    case '[':
+	    case ']':
+	      if (*s++ == *args)
+		continue;
+	      break;
+
+	    case '<':		/* Shift amount, 0 - 31.  */
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      check_absolute_expr (ip, imm_expr);
+	      if ((unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number > 31)
+		as_warn (_("Improper shift amount (%lu)"),
+			 (unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number);
+	      INSERT_OPERAND (SHAMTW, *ip, imm_expr->X_add_number);
+	      imm_expr->X_op = O_absent;
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case '>':		/* Shift amount, 0 - (XLEN-1).  */
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      check_absolute_expr (ip, imm_expr);
+	      if ((unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number >= xlen)
+		as_warn (_("Improper shift amount (%lu)"),
+			 (unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number);
+	      INSERT_OPERAND (SHAMT, *ip, imm_expr->X_add_number);
+	      imm_expr->X_op = O_absent;
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'Z':		/* CSRRxI immediate.  */
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      check_absolute_expr (ip, imm_expr);
+	      if ((unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number > 31)
+		as_warn (_("Improper CSRxI immediate (%lu)"),
+			 (unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number);
+	      INSERT_OPERAND (RS1, *ip, imm_expr->X_add_number);
+	      imm_expr->X_op = O_absent;
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'E':		/* Control register.  */
+	      if (reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_CSR, &regno))
+		INSERT_OPERAND (CSR, *ip, regno);
+	      else
+		{
+		  my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+		  check_absolute_expr (ip, imm_expr);
+		  if ((unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number > 0xfff)
+		    as_warn(_("Improper CSR address (%lu)"),
+			    (unsigned long) imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (CSR, *ip, imm_expr->X_add_number);
+		  imm_expr->X_op = O_absent;
+		  s = expr_end;
+		}
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'm':		/* Rounding mode.  */
+	      if (arg_lookup (&s, riscv_rm, ARRAY_SIZE (riscv_rm), &regno))
+		{
+		  INSERT_OPERAND (RM, *ip, regno);
+		  continue;
+		}
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'P':
+	    case 'Q':		/* Fence predecessor/successor.  */
+	      if (arg_lookup (&s, riscv_pred_succ, ARRAY_SIZE (riscv_pred_succ),
+			      &regno))
+		{
+		  if (*args == 'P')
+		    INSERT_OPERAND (PRED, *ip, regno);
+		  else
+		    INSERT_OPERAND (SUCC, *ip, regno);
+		  continue;
+		}
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'd':		/* Destination register.  */
+	    case 's':		/* Source register.  */
+	    case 't':		/* Target register.  */
+	      if (reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_GPR, &regno))
+		{
+		  c = *args;
+		  if (*s == ' ')
+		    ++s;
+
+		  /* Now that we have assembled one operand, we use the args
+		     string to figure out where it goes in the instruction.  */
+		  switch (c)
+		    {
+		    case 's':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RS1, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    case 'd':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RD, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    case 't':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RS2, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    }
+		  continue;
+		}
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'D':		/* Floating point rd.  */
+	    case 'S':		/* Floating point rs1.  */
+	    case 'T':		/* Floating point rs2.  */
+	    case 'U':		/* Floating point rs1 and rs2.  */
+	    case 'R':		/* Floating point rs3.  */
+	      if (reg_lookup (&s, RCLASS_FPR, &regno))
+		{
+		  c = *args;
+		  if (*s == ' ')
+		    ++s;
+		  switch (c)
+		    {
+		    case 'D':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RD, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    case 'S':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RS1, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    case 'U':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RS1, *ip, regno);
+		      /* fallthru */
+		    case 'T':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RS2, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    case 'R':
+		      INSERT_OPERAND (RS3, *ip, regno);
+		      break;
+		    }
+		  continue;
+		}
+
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'I':
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      if (imm_expr->X_op != O_big
+		  && imm_expr->X_op != O_constant)
+		break;
+	      normalize_constant_expr (imm_expr);
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'A':
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      normalize_constant_expr (imm_expr);
+	      /* The 'A' format specifier must be a symbol.  */
+	      if (imm_expr->X_op != O_symbol)
+	        break;
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_32;
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'j': /* Sign-extended immediate.  */
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I;
+	      p = percent_op_itype;
+	      goto alu_op;
+	    case 'q': /* Store displacement.  */
+	      p = percent_op_stype;
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_S;
+	      goto load_store;
+	    case 'o': /* Load displacement.  */
+	      p = percent_op_itype;
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I;
+	      goto load_store;
+	    case '0': /* AMO "displacement," which must be zero.  */
+	      p = percent_op_rtype;
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_UNUSED;
+load_store:
+	      /* Check whether there is only a single bracketed expression
+		 left.  If so, it must be the base register and the
+		 constant must be zero.  */
+	      imm_expr->X_op = O_constant;
+	      imm_expr->X_add_number = 0;
+	      if (*s == '(' && strchr (s + 1, '(') == 0)
+		continue;
+alu_op:
+	      /* If this value won't fit into a 16 bit offset, then go
+		 find a macro that will generate the 32 bit offset
+		 code pattern.  */
+	      if (!my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p))
+		{
+		  normalize_constant_expr (imm_expr);
+		  if (imm_expr->X_op != O_constant
+		      || (*args == '0' && imm_expr->X_add_number != 0)
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number >= (signed)RISCV_IMM_REACH/2
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number < -(signed)RISCV_IMM_REACH/2)
+		    break;
+		}
+
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'p':		/* PC-relative offset.  */
+branch:
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_12_PCREL;
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'u':		/* Upper 20 bits.  */
+	      p = percent_op_utype;
+	      if (!my_getSmallExpression (imm_expr, imm_reloc, s, p)
+		  && imm_expr->X_op == O_constant)
+		{
+		  if (imm_expr->X_add_number < 0
+		      || imm_expr->X_add_number >= (signed)RISCV_BIGIMM_REACH)
+		    as_bad (_("lui expression not in range 0..1048575"));
+
+		  *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_HI20;
+		  imm_expr->X_add_number <<= RISCV_IMM_BITS;
+		}
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'a':		/* 20-bit PC-relative offset.  */
+jump:
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_JMP;
+	      continue;
+
+	    case 'c':
+	      my_getExpression (imm_expr, s);
+	      s = expr_end;
+	      if (strcmp (s, "@plt") == 0)
+		{
+		  *imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_CALL_PLT;
+		  s += 4;
+		}
+	      else
+		*imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_CALL;
+	      continue;
+
+	    default:
+	      as_fatal (_("internal error: bad argument type %c"), *args);
+	    }
+	  break;
+	}
+      s = argsStart;
+      error = _("illegal operands");
+    }
+
+out:
+  /* Restore the character we might have clobbered above.  */
+  if (save_c)
+    *(argsStart - 1) = save_c;
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+void
+md_assemble (char *str)
+{
+  struct riscv_cl_insn insn;
+  expressionS imm_expr;
+  bfd_reloc_code_real_type imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_UNUSED;
+
+  const char *error = riscv_ip (str, &insn, &imm_expr, &imm_reloc);
+
+  if (error)
+    {
+      as_bad ("%s `%s'", error, str);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  if (insn.insn_mo->pinfo == INSN_MACRO)
+    macro (&insn, &imm_expr, &imm_reloc);
+  else
+    append_insn (&insn, &imm_expr, imm_reloc);
+}
+
+const char *
+md_atof (int type, char *litP, int *sizeP)
+{
+  return ieee_md_atof (type, litP, sizeP, TARGET_BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN);
+}
+
+void
+md_number_to_chars (char *buf, valueT val, int n)
+{
+  number_to_chars_littleendian (buf, val, n);
+}
+
+const char *md_shortopts = "O::g::G:";
+
+enum options
+{
+  OPTION_M32 = OPTION_MD_BASE,
+  OPTION_M64,
+  OPTION_MARCH,
+  OPTION_PIC,
+  OPTION_NO_PIC,
+  OPTION_MSOFT_FLOAT,
+  OPTION_MHARD_FLOAT,
+  OPTION_MRVC,
+  OPTION_MNO_RVC,
+  OPTION_END_OF_ENUM
+};
+
+struct option md_longopts[] =
+{
+  {"m32", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_M32},
+  {"m64", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_M64},
+  {"march", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_MARCH},
+  {"fPIC", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_PIC},
+  {"fpic", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_PIC},
+  {"fno-pic", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_PIC},
+  {"mrvc", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_MRVC},
+  {"mno-rvc", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_MNO_RVC},
+  {"msoft-float", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_MSOFT_FLOAT},
+  {"mhard-float", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_MHARD_FLOAT},
+
+  {NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0}
+};
+size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof (md_longopts);
+
+enum float_mode
+{
+  FLOAT_MODE_DEFAULT,
+  FLOAT_MODE_SOFT,
+  FLOAT_MODE_HARD
+};
+static enum float_mode float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_DEFAULT;
+
+int
+md_parse_option (int c, const char *arg)
+{
+  switch (c)
+    {
+    case OPTION_MRVC:
+      riscv_set_rvc (TRUE);
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_MNO_RVC:
+      riscv_set_rvc (FALSE);
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_MSOFT_FLOAT:
+      float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_SOFT;
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_MHARD_FLOAT:
+      float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_HARD;
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_M32:
+      xlen = 32;
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_M64:
+      xlen = 64;
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_MARCH:
+      riscv_set_arch (arg);
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_NO_PIC:
+      riscv_opts.pic = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+    case OPTION_PIC:
+      riscv_opts.pic = TRUE;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void
+riscv_after_parse_args (void)
+{
+  if (riscv_subsets == NULL)
+    riscv_set_arch ("RVIMAFD");
+
+  if (xlen == 0)
+    {
+      if (strcmp (default_arch, "riscv32") == 0)
+	xlen = 32;
+      else if (strcmp (default_arch, "riscv64") == 0)
+	xlen = 64;
+      else
+	as_bad ("unknown default architecture `%s'", default_arch);
+    }
+}
+
+long
+md_pcrel_from (fixS *fixP)
+{
+  return fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_address;
+}
+
+/* Apply a fixup to the object file.  */
+
+void
+md_apply_fix (fixS *fixP, valueT *valP, segT seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  bfd_byte *buf = (bfd_byte *) (fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal + fixP->fx_where);
+
+  /* Remember value for tc_gen_reloc.  */
+  fixP->fx_addnumber = *valP;
+
+  switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
+    {
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_GOT_HI20:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_GD_HI20:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_DTPREL32:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_DTPREL64:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_HI20:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_LO12_I:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_LO12_S:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TPREL_ADD:
+      S_SET_THREAD_LOCAL (fixP->fx_addsy);
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_GOT_HI20:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_HI20:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_HI20:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_I:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_LO12_S:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD8:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD16:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD32:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD64:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB8:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB16:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB32:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB64:
+      gas_assert (fixP->fx_addsy != NULL);
+      /* Nothing needed to do.  The value comes from the reloc entry.  */
+      break;
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_64:
+    case BFD_RELOC_32:
+    case BFD_RELOC_16:
+    case BFD_RELOC_8:
+      if (fixP->fx_addsy && fixP->fx_subsy)
+	{
+	  fixP->fx_next = xmemdup (fixP, sizeof (*fixP), sizeof (*fixP));
+	  fixP->fx_next->fx_addsy = fixP->fx_subsy;
+	  fixP->fx_next->fx_subsy = NULL;
+	  fixP->fx_next->fx_offset = 0;
+	  fixP->fx_subsy = NULL;
+
+	  switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
+	    {
+	    case BFD_RELOC_64:
+	      fixP->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD64;
+	      fixP->fx_next->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB64;
+	      break;
+
+	    case BFD_RELOC_32:
+	      fixP->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD32;
+	      fixP->fx_next->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB32;
+	      break;
+
+	    case BFD_RELOC_16:
+	      fixP->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD16;
+	      fixP->fx_next->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB16;
+	      break;
+
+	    case BFD_RELOC_8:
+	      fixP->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ADD8;
+	      fixP->fx_next->fx_r_type = BFD_RELOC_RISCV_SUB8;
+
+	    default:
+	      /* This case is unreachable.  */
+	      abort ();
+	    }
+	}
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_RVA:
+      /* If we are deleting this reloc entry, we must fill in the
+	 value now.  This can happen if we have a .word which is not
+	 resolved when it appears but is later defined.  */
+      if (fixP->fx_addsy == NULL)
+	{
+	  gas_assert (fixP->fx_size <= sizeof (valueT));
+	  md_number_to_chars ((char *) buf, *valP, fixP->fx_size);
+	  fixP->fx_done = 1;
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_JMP:
+      if (fixP->fx_addsy)
+	{
+	  /* Fill in a tentative value to improve objdump readability.  */
+	  bfd_vma target = S_GET_VALUE (fixP->fx_addsy) + *valP;
+	  bfd_vma delta = target - md_pcrel_from (fixP);
+	  bfd_putl32 (bfd_getl32 (buf) | ENCODE_UJTYPE_IMM (delta), buf);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_12_PCREL:
+      if (fixP->fx_addsy)
+	{
+	  /* Fill in a tentative value to improve objdump readability.  */
+	  bfd_vma target = S_GET_VALUE (fixP->fx_addsy) + *valP;
+	  bfd_vma delta = target - md_pcrel_from (fixP);
+	  bfd_putl32 (bfd_getl32 (buf) | ENCODE_SBTYPE_IMM (delta), buf);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_RVC_BRANCH:
+      if (fixP->fx_addsy)
+	{
+	  /* Fill in a tentative value to improve objdump readability.  */
+	  bfd_vma target = S_GET_VALUE (fixP->fx_addsy) + *valP;
+	  bfd_vma delta = target - md_pcrel_from (fixP);
+	  bfd_putl16 (bfd_getl16 (buf) | ENCODE_RVC_B_IMM (delta), buf);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_RVC_JUMP:
+      if (fixP->fx_addsy)
+	{
+	  /* Fill in a tentative value to improve objdump readability.  */
+	  bfd_vma target = S_GET_VALUE (fixP->fx_addsy) + *valP;
+	  bfd_vma delta = target - md_pcrel_from (fixP);
+	  bfd_putl16 (bfd_getl16 (buf) | ENCODE_RVC_J_IMM (delta), buf);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_CALL:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_CALL_PLT:
+    case BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ALIGN:
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      /* We ignore generic BFD relocations we don't know about.  */
+      if (bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, fixP->fx_r_type) != NULL)
+	as_fatal (_("internal error: bad relocation #%d"), fixP->fx_r_type);
+    }
+}
+
+/* This structure is used to hold a stack of .option values.  */
+
+struct riscv_option_stack
+{
+  struct riscv_option_stack *next;
+  struct riscv_set_options options;
+};
+
+static struct riscv_option_stack *riscv_opts_stack;
+
+/* Handle the .option pseudo-op.  */
+
+static void
+s_riscv_option (int x ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  char *name = input_line_pointer, ch;
+
+  while (!is_end_of_line[(unsigned char) *input_line_pointer])
+    ++input_line_pointer;
+  ch = *input_line_pointer;
+  *input_line_pointer = '\0';
+
+  if (strcmp (name, "rvc") == 0)
+    riscv_set_rvc (TRUE);
+  else if (strcmp (name, "norvc") == 0)
+    riscv_set_rvc (FALSE);
+  else if (strcmp (name, "pic") == 0)
+    riscv_opts.pic = TRUE;
+  else if (strcmp (name, "nopic") == 0)
+    riscv_opts.pic = FALSE;
+  else if (strcmp (name, "soft-float") == 0)
+    float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_SOFT;
+  else if (strcmp (name, "hard-float") == 0)
+    float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_HARD;
+  else if (strcmp (name, "push") == 0)
+    {
+      struct riscv_option_stack *s;
+
+      s = (struct riscv_option_stack *) xmalloc (sizeof *s);
+      s->next = riscv_opts_stack;
+      s->options = riscv_opts;
+      riscv_opts_stack = s;
+    }
+  else if (strcmp (name, "pop") == 0)
+    {
+      struct riscv_option_stack *s;
+
+      s = riscv_opts_stack;
+      if (s == NULL)
+	as_bad (_(".option pop with no .option push"));
+      else
+	{
+	  riscv_opts = s->options;
+	  riscv_opts_stack = s->next;
+	  free (s);
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      as_warn (_("Unrecognized .option directive: %s\n"), name);
+    }
+  *input_line_pointer = ch;
+  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
+}
+
+/* Handle the .dtprelword and .dtpreldword pseudo-ops.  They generate
+   a 32-bit or 64-bit DTP-relative relocation (BYTES says which) for
+   use in DWARF debug information.  */
+
+static void
+s_dtprel (int bytes)
+{
+  expressionS ex;
+  char *p;
+
+  expression (&ex);
+
+  if (ex.X_op != O_symbol)
+    {
+      as_bad (_("Unsupported use of %s"), (bytes == 8
+					   ? ".dtpreldword"
+					   : ".dtprelword"));
+      ignore_rest_of_line ();
+    }
+
+  p = frag_more (bytes);
+  md_number_to_chars (p, 0, bytes);
+  fix_new_exp (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, bytes, &ex, FALSE,
+	       (bytes == 8
+		? BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_DTPREL64
+		: BFD_RELOC_RISCV_TLS_DTPREL32));
+
+  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
+}
+
+/* Handle the .bss pseudo-op.  */
+
+static void
+s_bss (int ignore ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  subseg_set (bss_section, 0);
+  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
+}
+
+/* Align to a given power of two.  */
+
+static void
+s_align (int bytes_p)
+{
+  int fill_value = 0, fill_value_specified = 0;
+  int min_text_alignment = riscv_opts.rvc ? 2 : 4;
+  int alignment = get_absolute_expression(), bytes;
+
+  if (bytes_p)
+    {
+      bytes = alignment;
+      if (bytes < 1 || (bytes & (bytes-1)) != 0)
+	as_bad (_("alignment not a power of 2: %d"), bytes);
+      for (alignment = 0; bytes > 1; bytes >>= 1)
+	alignment++;
+    }
+
+  bytes = 1 << alignment;
+
+  if (alignment < 0 || alignment > 31)
+    as_bad (_("unsatisfiable alignment: %d"), alignment);
+
+  if (*input_line_pointer == ',')
+    {
+      ++input_line_pointer;
+      fill_value = get_absolute_expression ();
+      fill_value_specified = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (!fill_value_specified
+      && subseg_text_p (now_seg)
+      && bytes > min_text_alignment)
+    {
+      /* Emit the worst-case NOP string.  The linker will delete any
+	 unnecessary NOPs.  This allows us to support code alignment
+	 in spite of linker relaxations.  */
+      bfd_vma i, worst_case_bytes = bytes - min_text_alignment;
+      char *nops = frag_more (worst_case_bytes);
+      for (i = 0; i < worst_case_bytes - 2; i += 4)
+	md_number_to_chars (nops + i, RISCV_NOP, 4);
+      if (i < worst_case_bytes)
+	md_number_to_chars (nops + i, RVC_NOP, 2);
+
+      expressionS ex;
+      ex.X_op = O_constant;
+      ex.X_add_number = worst_case_bytes;
+
+      fix_new_exp (frag_now, nops - frag_now->fr_literal, 0,
+		   &ex, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_ALIGN);
+    }
+  else if (alignment)
+    frag_align (alignment, fill_value, 0);
+
+  record_alignment (now_seg, alignment);
+
+  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
+}
+
+int
+md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS *fragp, asection *segtype)
+{
+  return (fragp->fr_var = relaxed_branch_length (fragp, segtype, FALSE));
+}
+
+/* Translate internal representation of relocation info to BFD target
+   format.  */
+
+arelent *
+tc_gen_reloc (asection *section ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, fixS *fixp)
+{
+  arelent *reloc = (arelent *) xmalloc (sizeof (arelent));
+
+  reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = (asymbol **) xmalloc (sizeof (asymbol *));
+  *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixp->fx_addsy);
+  reloc->address = fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
+  reloc->addend = fixp->fx_addnumber;
+
+  reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, fixp->fx_r_type);
+  if (reloc->howto == NULL)
+    {
+      if ((fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_16 || fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_8)
+	  && fixp->fx_addsy != NULL && fixp->fx_subsy != NULL)
+	{
+	  /* We don't have R_RISCV_8/16, but for this special case,
+	     we can use R_RISCV_ADD8/16 with R_RISCV_SUB8/16.  */
+	  return reloc;
+	}
+
+      as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
+		    _("cannot represent %s relocation in object file"),
+		    bfd_get_reloc_code_name (fixp->fx_r_type));
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  return reloc;
+}
+
+int
+riscv_relax_frag (asection *sec, fragS *fragp, long stretch ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  if (RELAX_BRANCH_P (fragp->fr_subtype))
+    {
+      offsetT old_var = fragp->fr_var;
+      fragp->fr_var = relaxed_branch_length (fragp, sec, TRUE);
+      return fragp->fr_var - old_var;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Expand far branches to multi-instruction sequences.  */
+
+static void
+md_convert_frag_branch (fragS *fragp)
+{
+  bfd_byte *buf;
+  expressionS exp;
+  fixS *fixp;
+  insn_t insn;
+  int rs1, reloc;
+
+  buf = (bfd_byte *)fragp->fr_literal + fragp->fr_fix;
+
+  exp.X_op = O_symbol;
+  exp.X_add_symbol = fragp->fr_symbol;
+  exp.X_add_number = fragp->fr_offset;
+
+  gas_assert (fragp->fr_var == RELAX_BRANCH_LENGTH (fragp->fr_subtype));
+
+  if (RELAX_BRANCH_RVC (fragp->fr_subtype))
+    {
+      switch (RELAX_BRANCH_LENGTH (fragp->fr_subtype))
+	{
+	  case 8:
+	  case 4:
+	    /* Expand the RVC branch into a RISC-V one.  */
+	    insn = bfd_getl16 (buf);
+	    rs1 = 8 + ((insn >> OP_SH_CRS1S) & OP_MASK_CRS1S);
+	    if ((insn & MASK_C_J) == MATCH_C_J)
+	      insn = MATCH_JAL;
+	    else if ((insn & MASK_C_JAL) == MATCH_C_JAL)
+	      insn = MATCH_JAL | (X_RA << OP_SH_RD);
+	    else if ((insn & MASK_C_BEQZ) == MATCH_C_BEQZ)
+	      insn = MATCH_BEQ | (rs1 << OP_SH_RS1);
+	    else if ((insn & MASK_C_BNEZ) == MATCH_C_BNEZ)
+	      insn = MATCH_BNE | (rs1 << OP_SH_RS1);
+	    else
+	      abort ();
+	    bfd_putl32 (insn, buf);
+	    break;
+
+	  case 6:
+	    /* Invert the branch condition.  Branch over the jump.  */
+	    insn = bfd_getl16 (buf);
+	    insn ^= MATCH_C_BEQZ ^ MATCH_C_BNEZ;
+	    insn |= ENCODE_RVC_B_IMM (6);
+	    bfd_putl16 (insn, buf);
+	    buf += 2;
+	    goto jump;
+
+	  case 2:
+	    /* Just keep the RVC branch.  */
+	    reloc = RELAX_BRANCH_UNCOND (fragp->fr_subtype)
+		    ? BFD_RELOC_RISCV_RVC_JUMP : BFD_RELOC_RISCV_RVC_BRANCH;
+	    fixp = fix_new_exp (fragp, buf - (bfd_byte *)fragp->fr_literal,
+				2, &exp, FALSE, reloc);
+	    buf += 2;
+	    goto done;
+
+	  default:
+	    abort();
+	}
+    }
+
+  switch (RELAX_BRANCH_LENGTH (fragp->fr_subtype))
+    {
+    case 8:
+      gas_assert (!RELAX_BRANCH_UNCOND (fragp->fr_subtype));
+
+      /* Invert the branch condition.  Branch over the jump.  */
+      insn = bfd_getl32 (buf);
+      insn ^= MATCH_BEQ ^ MATCH_BNE;
+      insn |= ENCODE_SBTYPE_IMM (8);
+      md_number_to_chars ((char *) buf, insn, 4);
+      buf += 4;
+
+jump:
+      /* Jump to the target.  */
+      fixp = fix_new_exp (fragp, buf - (bfd_byte *)fragp->fr_literal,
+			  4, &exp, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_RISCV_JMP);
+      md_number_to_chars ((char *) buf, MATCH_JAL, 4);
+      buf += 4;
+      break;
+
+    case 4:
+      reloc = RELAX_BRANCH_UNCOND (fragp->fr_subtype)
+	      ? BFD_RELOC_RISCV_JMP : BFD_RELOC_12_PCREL;
+      fixp = fix_new_exp (fragp, buf - (bfd_byte *)fragp->fr_literal,
+			  4, &exp, FALSE, reloc);
+      buf += 4;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      abort ();
+    }
+
+done:
+  fixp->fx_file = fragp->fr_file;
+  fixp->fx_line = fragp->fr_line;
+
+  gas_assert (buf == (bfd_byte *)fragp->fr_literal
+	      + fragp->fr_fix + fragp->fr_var);
+
+  fragp->fr_fix += fragp->fr_var;
+}
+
+/* Relax a machine dependent frag.  This returns the amount by which
+   the current size of the frag should change.  */
+
+void
+md_convert_frag (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, segT asec ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		 fragS *fragp)
+{
+  gas_assert (RELAX_BRANCH_P (fragp->fr_subtype));
+  md_convert_frag_branch (fragp);
+}
+
+void
+md_show_usage (FILE *stream)
+{
+  fprintf (stream, _("\
+RISC-V options:\n\
+  -m32           assemble RV32 code\n\
+  -m64           assemble RV64 code (default)\n\
+  -fpic          generate position-independent code\n\
+  -fno-pic       don't generate position-independent code (default)\n\
+  -msoft-float   don't use F registers for floating-point values\n\
+  -mhard-float   use F registers for floating-point values (default)\n\
+  -mno-rvc       disable the C extension for compressed instructions (default)\n\
+  -mrvc          enable the C extension for compressed instructions\n\
+  -march=ISA     set the RISC-V architecture, RV64IMAFD by default\n\
+"));
+}
+
+/* Standard calling conventions leave the CFA at SP on entry.  */
+void
+riscv_cfi_frame_initial_instructions (void)
+{
+  cfi_add_CFA_def_cfa_register (X_SP);
+}
+
+int
+tc_riscv_regname_to_dw2regnum (char *regname)
+{
+  int reg;
+
+  if ((reg = reg_lookup_internal (regname, RCLASS_GPR)) >= 0)
+    return reg;
+
+  if ((reg = reg_lookup_internal (regname, RCLASS_FPR)) >= 0)
+    return reg + 32;
+
+  as_bad (_("unknown register `%s'"), regname);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void
+riscv_elf_final_processing (void)
+{
+  enum float_mode elf_float_mode = float_mode;
+
+  elf_elfheader (stdoutput)->e_flags |= elf_flags;
+
+  if (elf_float_mode == FLOAT_MODE_DEFAULT)
+    {
+      struct riscv_subset *subset;
+
+      /* Assume soft-float unless D extension is present.  */
+      elf_float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_SOFT;
+
+      for (subset = riscv_subsets; subset != NULL; subset = subset->next)
+	if (strcasecmp (subset->name, "D") == 0)
+	  elf_float_mode = FLOAT_MODE_HARD;
+    }
+
+  if (elf_float_mode == FLOAT_MODE_SOFT)
+    elf_elfheader (stdoutput)->e_flags |= EF_RISCV_SOFT_FLOAT;
+}
+
+/* Parse the .sleb128 and .uleb128 pseudos.  Only allow constant expressions,
+   since these directives break relaxation when used with symbol deltas.  */
+
+static void
+s_riscv_leb128 (int sign)
+{
+  expressionS exp;
+  char *save_in = input_line_pointer;
+
+  expression (&exp);
+  if (exp.X_op != O_constant)
+    as_bad (_("non-constant .%cleb128 is not supported"), sign ? 's' : 'u');
+  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
+
+  input_line_pointer = save_in;
+  return s_leb128 (sign);
+}
+
+/* Pseudo-op table.  */
+
+static const pseudo_typeS riscv_pseudo_table[] =
+{
+  /* RISC-V-specific pseudo-ops.  */
+  {"option", s_riscv_option, 0},
+  {"half", cons, 2},
+  {"word", cons, 4},
+  {"dword", cons, 8},
+  {"dtprelword", s_dtprel, 4},
+  {"dtpreldword", s_dtprel, 8},
+  {"bss", s_bss, 0},
+  {"align", s_align, 0},
+  {"p2align", s_align, 0},
+  {"balign", s_align, 1},
+  {"uleb128", s_riscv_leb128, 0},
+  {"sleb128", s_riscv_leb128, 1},
+
+  { NULL, NULL, 0 },
+};
+
+void
+riscv_pop_insert (void)
+{
+  extern void pop_insert (const pseudo_typeS *);
+
+  pop_insert (riscv_pseudo_table);
+}
diff --git a/gas/config/tc-riscv.h b/gas/config/tc-riscv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2a11ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gas/config/tc-riscv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/* tc-riscv.h -- header file for tc-riscv.c.
+   Copyright 2011-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   Contributed by Andrew Waterman (andrew@sifive.com).
+   Based on MIPS target.
+
+   This file is part of GAS.
+
+   GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; see the file COPYING3. If not,
+   see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef TC_RISCV
+#define TC_RISCV
+
+#include "opcode/riscv.h"
+
+struct frag;
+struct expressionS;
+
+#define TARGET_BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN 0
+
+#define TARGET_ARCH bfd_arch_riscv
+
+#define WORKING_DOT_WORD	1
+#define LOCAL_LABELS_FB 	1
+
+/* Symbols named FAKE_LABEL_NAME are emitted when generating DWARF, so make
+   sure FAKE_LABEL_NAME is printable.  It still must be distinct from any
+   real label name.  So, append a space, which other labels can't contain.  */
+#define FAKE_LABEL_NAME ".L0 "
+
+#define md_relax_frag(segment, fragp, stretch) \
+  riscv_relax_frag (segment, fragp, stretch)
+extern int riscv_relax_frag (asection *, struct frag *, long);
+
+#define md_section_align(seg,size)	(size)
+#define md_undefined_symbol(name)	(0)
+#define md_operand(x)
+
+/* FIXME: it is unclear if this is used, or if it is even correct.  */
+#define MAX_MEM_FOR_RS_ALIGN_CODE  (1 + 2)
+
+/* The ISA of the target may change based on command-line arguments.  */
+#define TARGET_FORMAT riscv_target_format()
+extern const char * riscv_target_format (void);
+
+#define md_after_parse_args() riscv_after_parse_args()
+extern void riscv_after_parse_args (void);
+
+#define md_parse_long_option(arg) riscv_parse_long_option (arg)
+extern int riscv_parse_long_option (const char *);
+
+/* Let the linker resolve all the relocs due to relaxation.  */
+#define tc_fix_adjustable(fixp) 0
+#define md_allow_local_subtract(l,r,s) 0
+
+/* Values passed to md_apply_fix don't include symbol values.  */
+#define MD_APPLY_SYM_VALUE(FIX) 0
+
+/* Global syms must not be resolved, to support ELF shared libraries.  */
+#define EXTERN_FORCE_RELOC			\
+  (OUTPUT_FLAVOR == bfd_target_elf_flavour)
+
+/* Postpone text-section label subtraction calculation until linking, since
+   linker relaxations might change the deltas.  */
+#define TC_FORCE_RELOCATION_SUB_SAME(FIX, SEG) ((SEG)->flags & SEC_CODE)
+#define TC_FORCE_RELOCATION_SUB_LOCAL(FIX, SEG) 1
+#define TC_VALIDATE_FIX_SUB(FIX, SEG) 1
+#define TC_FORCE_RELOCATION_LOCAL(FIX) 1
+#define DIFF_EXPR_OK 1
+
+extern void riscv_pop_insert (void);
+#define md_pop_insert()		riscv_pop_insert ()
+
+#define TARGET_USE_CFIPOP 1
+
+#define tc_cfi_frame_initial_instructions riscv_cfi_frame_initial_instructions
+extern void riscv_cfi_frame_initial_instructions (void);
+
+#define tc_regname_to_dw2regnum tc_riscv_regname_to_dw2regnum
+extern int tc_riscv_regname_to_dw2regnum (char *);
+
+extern unsigned xlen;
+#define DWARF2_DEFAULT_RETURN_COLUMN X_RA
+#define DWARF2_CIE_DATA_ALIGNMENT (-(int) (xlen / 8))
+
+#define elf_tc_final_processing riscv_elf_final_processing
+extern void riscv_elf_final_processing (void);
+
+#endif /* TC_RISCV */
diff --git a/gas/configure b/gas/configure
index 6fae0d9..08d4ed0 100755
--- a/gas/configure
+++ b/gas/configure
@@ -12552,7 +12552,7 @@ $as_echo "#define NDS32_DEFAULT_AUDIO_EXT 1" >>confdefs.h
 $as_echo "$enable_audio_ext" >&6; }
 	;;
 
-      i386 | s390 | sparc)
+      i386 | riscv | s390 | sparc)
 	if test $this_target = $target ; then
 
 cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
diff --git a/gas/configure.ac b/gas/configure.ac
index 13f5107..c0d5989 100644
--- a/gas/configure.ac
+++ b/gas/configure.ac
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ changequote([,])dnl
 	AC_MSG_RESULT($enable_audio_ext)
 	;;
 
-      i386 | s390 | sparc)
+      i386 | riscv | s390 | sparc)
 	if test $this_target = $target ; then
 	  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFAULT_ARCH, "${arch}", [Default architecture.])
 	fi
diff --git a/gas/configure.tgt b/gas/configure.tgt
index e2df659..3e230cb 100644
--- a/gas/configure.tgt
+++ b/gas/configure.tgt
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ case ${cpu} in
   pj*)			cpu_type=pj endian=big ;;
   powerpc*le*)		cpu_type=ppc endian=little ;;
   powerpc*)		cpu_type=ppc endian=big ;;
+  riscv32*)		cpu_type=riscv endian=little arch=riscv32 ;;
+  riscv64*)		cpu_type=riscv endian=little arch=riscv64 ;;
   rs6000*)		cpu_type=ppc ;;
   rl78*)		cpu_type=rl78 ;;
   rx)			cpu_type=rx ;;
@@ -391,6 +393,8 @@ case ${generic_target} in
   ppc-*-kaos*)				fmt=elf ;;
   ppc-*-lynxos*)			fmt=elf em=lynx ;;
 
+  riscv*-*-*)			fmt=elf endian=little em=linux ;;
+
   s390-*-linux-*)			fmt=elf em=linux ;;
   s390-*-tpf*)				fmt=elf ;;
 
@@ -488,7 +492,7 @@ case ${generic_target} in
 esac
 
 case ${cpu_type} in
-  aarch64 | alpha | arm | i386 | ia64 | microblaze | mips | ns32k | or1k | or1knd | pdp11 | ppc | sparc | z80 | z8k)
+  aarch64 | alpha | arm | i386 | ia64 | microblaze | mips | ns32k | or1k | or1knd | pdp11 | ppc | riscv | sparc | z80 | z8k)
     bfd_gas=yes
     ;;
 esac
diff --git a/gas/doc/as.texinfo b/gas/doc/as.texinfo
index 82cc72d..b1d94d5 100644
--- a/gas/doc/as.texinfo
+++ b/gas/doc/as.texinfo
@@ -1647,6 +1647,25 @@ PowerPC processor.
 
 @end ifset
 
+@ifset RISCV
+
+@ifclear man
+@xref{RISC-V-Opts}, for the options available when @value{AS} is configured
+for a RISC-V processor.
+@end ifclear
+
+@ifset man
+@c man begin OPTIONS
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for a
+RISC-V  processor.
+@c man end
+@c man begin INCLUDE
+@include c-riscv.texi
+@c ended inside the included file
+@end ifset
+
+@end ifset
+
 @c man begin OPTIONS
 @ifset RX
 See the info pages for documentation of the RX-specific options.
diff --git a/gas/doc/c-riscv.texi b/gas/doc/c-riscv.texi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..984b75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gas/doc/c-riscv.texi
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+@c Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c This is part of the GAS anual.
+@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo
+@c man end
+
+@ifset GENERIC
+@page
+@node RISC-V-Dependent
+@chapter RISC-V Dependent Features
+@end ifset
+@ifclear GENERIC
+@node Machine Dependencies
+@chapter RISC-V Dependent Features
+@end ifclear
+
+@cindex RISC-V support
+@menu
+* RISC-V Options::      RISC-V Options
+@end menu
+
+@node RISC-V Options
+@section Options
+
+The following table lists all availiable RISC-V specific options
+
+@c man begin OPTIONS
+@table @gcctabopt
+@cindex @samp{-m32} option, RISC-V
+@cindex @samp{-m64} option, RISC-V
+@item -m32 | -m64
+Select the base ISA, either RV32 or RV64.
+
+@cindex @samp{-mrvc} option, RISC-V
+@item -mrvc
+Enables the C ISA subset for compressed instructions.
+
+@cindex @samp{-msoft-float} option, RISC-V
+@cindex @samp{-mhard-float} option, RISC-V
+@item -msoft-float | -mhard-float
+Select the floating-point ABI, hard-float has F registers while soft-float
+doesn't.
+
+@cindex @samp{-march=RV{32,64}{G,I}{M,}{A,}{F,}{D,}{C,}} option, RISC-V
+@item -march=RV{32,64}{G,I}{M,}{A,}{F,}{D,}{C,}
+Select the base isa, as specified by ISA.  For example -march=RV32IMA.
+
+@end table
+@c man end
diff --git a/gas/testsuite/gas/all/gas.exp b/gas/testsuite/gas/all/gas.exp
index bfb13ed..eb225fc 100644
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/all/gas.exp
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/all/gas.exp
@@ -159,10 +159,10 @@ case $target_triplet in {
 	# These targets fail redef2 because they disallow redefined
 	# symbols on relocs.
 	setup_xfail "m68hc1*-*-*" "m6811-*-*" "m6812-*-*" "rl78-*-*"
-	setup_xfail "rx-*-*" "vax*-*-*" "xgate*-*-*" "z8k-*-*"
+	setup_xfail "riscv*-*-*" "rx-*-*" "vax*-*-*" "xgate*-*-*" "z8k-*-*"
 	run_dump_test redef2
 	setup_xfail "m68hc1*-*-*" "m6811-*-*" "m6812-*-*" "rl78-*-*"
-	setup_xfail "rx-*-*" "vax*-*-*" "xgate*-*-*" "z8k-*-*"
+	setup_xfail "riscv*-*-*" "rx-*-*" "vax*-*-*" "xgate*-*-*" "z8k-*-*"
 	# rs6000-aix disallows redefinition via .comm.
 	setup_xfail "*-*-aix*"
 	# SOM uses a different syntax for .comm
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ if {    ![istarget *c30*-*-*]
      && ![istarget hppa*-*-*] } then {
     # The vax fails because VMS can apparently actually handle this
     # case in relocs, so gas doesn't handle it itself.
-    # msp430 and mn10[23]00 emit two relocs to handle the difference of two symbols.
-    setup_xfail "mn10200-*-*" "mn10300*-*-*" "msp430*-*-*" "vax*-*-vms*"
+    # msp430, mn10[23]00 and riscv emit two relocs to handle the difference of two symbols.
+    setup_xfail "mn10200-*-*" "mn10300*-*-*" "msp430*-*-*" "riscv*-*-*" "vax*-*-vms*"
     do_930509a
 }
 
diff --git a/gas/testsuite/gas/elf/elf.exp b/gas/testsuite/gas/elf/elf.exp
index d57665e..df9f4ba 100644
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/elf/elf.exp
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/elf/elf.exp
@@ -120,12 +120,14 @@ if { [is_elf_format] } then {
     run_dump_test "group2"
     case $target_triplet in {
 	{ hppa64*-*-hpux* } { }
+	{ riscv*-*-* } { }
 	default {
 	    run_dump_test "groupautoa"
 	}
     }
     case $target_triplet in {
 	{ hppa64*-*-hpux* } { }
+	{ riscv*-*-* } { }
 	{ xtensa*-*-* } { }
 	default {
 	    run_dump_test "groupautob"
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ if { [is_elf_format] } then {
 	{ mn10300-*-* } { }
 	{ msp43*-*-* } { }
 	{ rl78-*-* } { }
+	{ riscv*-*-* } { }
 	{ rx-*-* } { }
 	default {
 	    # The next test can fail if the target does not convert fixups
diff --git a/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/riscv.exp b/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/riscv.exp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27d73cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/riscv.exp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Expect script for RISC-V assembler tests.
+#   Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#
+# This file is part of the GNU Binutils.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
+# MA 02110-1301, USA.
+
+if [istarget riscv*-*-*] {
+    run_dump_test "t_insns"
+}
diff --git a/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.d b/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..720f0db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.d
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#as:
+#objdump: -dr
+
+.*:[ 	]+file format .*
+
+
+Disassembly of section .text:
+
+0+000 <target>:
+[ 	]+0:[ 	]+00000013[ 	]+nop
diff --git a/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.s b/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9945688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/riscv/t_insns.s
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+target:
+	nop
author	Nick Clifton <nickc@redhat.com>	2016-11-01 16:45:57 +0000
committer	Nick Clifton <nickc@redhat.com>	2016-11-01 16:45:57 +0000
commit	e23eba971dd409b999dd83d8df0f842680c1c642 (patch)
tree	0002ef536e33bff13648ee1f2c419349f4f91d75 /gas
parent	4e56efac8b4d5e251e8edc13febec93992bd6eb4 (diff)
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