doc: add and fix System Error properties

About path, address and port properties, these are not described though
being also represented as augmented Error objects with added properties.
And also, fix all property descriptions and add type annotations.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10986


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sam Roberts <vieuxtech@gmail.com>