test: address flaky worker test

Make test/parallel/test-worker-message-port-transfer-closed.js more
reliable by counting ticks rather than using a single setTimeout().

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/21892

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/21893


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Yuta Hiroto <hello@hiroppy.me>