lib: change var to let in string_decoder

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30393


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>